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- Date: Wed, 23 Dec 1992 18:03:26 -0600
- Sender: Discussion of Middle Europe topics <MIDEUR-L@UBVM.BITNET>
- From: "VALENTINE M. SMITH" <CDELL@UMKCVAX1.BITNET>
- Subject: On Bosnia, Serbia and a Potential "Third Balkan War," #800
- Lines: 111
-
- On Bosnia, Serbia and a Potential "Third Balkan War"
-
- The tragedy, and strangeness, in the Balkans continue. Apparently
- many believe that the fighting will spread to Macedonia, especially
- in the wake of the apparent re-election of Slobadan Milosevic as
- President of Serbia this past weekend.
-
- I listened to an interview of a BBC reporter who comes from
- Yugoslavia, and who has just written a book about the area called
- _The Fall of Yugoslavia. His name is Misha Glenne (?), and he felt
- strongly that Macedonia would be the next place the Serbs went after,
- especially as they are not recognized as a country, and there's a
- large Serb minority there. His feeling was that the Serbs would try
- to create a Macedonian Serbia as they have in Bosnia and Croatia. He
- stated that Greece actually supported the Serbs in this, as they are
- opposed to Macedonia's existence.
-
- However, as always in the Balkans, there is a complication. There are
- also a large number of Albanians, Bulgarians and Turks in Macedonia,
- many of whom are Moslems and who would militantly oppose annexation
- by the Serbs, and if these groups were attacked, the nations from
- which they came would probably decide to intervene. The fellow from
- the BBC predicts a "Third" Balkan War.
-
- _The Encyclopedia of Military History, by the Dupuy's, R. Ernest and
- Trevor (Second Revised Edition, 1986) states that the First Balkan
- War occurred in 1912-13 (p. 926-928) between Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia
- and Montenegro against Turkey, over Macedonia (Turkey lost, but the
- Serbs and Greece broke into a brawl with Bulgaria, over Macedonia.
- Montenegro ceded a city to newly created Albania, see Treaty of
- London, 1913)). The Second Balkan War (p. 928) was between Bulgaria
- against Serbia and Greece to start with, with Romania and Turkey
- joining Serbia and Greece two months into the war (Bulgaria lost, see
- Treaty of Bucharest, 1913). The following June, the heir to the
- Austrian throne perished at the hands of Serbian terrorists in Bosnia
- (Sarajevo, see p.929), and within weeks, Serbia was declared war upon
- by Germany, Austria-Hungary versus Serbia, France, Great Britain and
- Russia (with many others joining in, Turkey on the side of the
- Germans and Austria, Italy eventually on the side of Britain and
- France).
-
- So, a Third Balkan War could well be an European war if it spread.
- Albania, Greece, Turkey, "rump Yugoslavia," Bulgaria, even Russia,
- has some believed interests in this area. Serbia would appear to be
- intent on starting such a war. The extreme Nationalists, the Radical
- Serbian party, may have won 20% of the Serbian vote. I've heard this
- group labelled as "fascists," an "armed para-military gang," Chetniks
- and murderers,," "allied with Milosevic to create a Greater Serbia."
- It would appear that the Serbs may feel more inclined to this because
- with the Nationalists, they may hold a slim majority in the Serbian
- Parliament that would most likely agree to a broadened war.
-
- "Most of" 18 relief flights landed in Sarajevo today, a city in
- terrible straits, or so it would seem, because of no water, no heat
- and minimum electricity. The Serbs surrounding the city reportedly
- agree today to allow evacuation of 500 of the oldest and illest "from
- each community" in the Sarajevo area, whatever that exactly means.
-
- Meanwhile, at the UN, a hot debate is on, with Great Britain and
- France favoring SOME kind of enforcement of the no-fly zone over
- Bosnia, while the US favors a reportedly "more aggressive approach"
- that would involve maybe as much as bombing Serbian airfields to
- destroy their planes on the ground. This approach concerns Britain,
- France and Canada because they have troops on the ground they fear
- the Serbs would retaliate against.
-
- It would appear that the "war clouds over Europe" syndome is about to
- repeat itself, and it is kind of sneakily happening, bit by bit,
- slowly and inexorably headed in war's direction because no side is
- willing to genuinely negotiate with each other - the Serbs because
- they're winning, the Bosnians and Croats because of the Serbian
- enclaves within their lands that Serbia plans to annex into
- Milosevic's "greater Serbia," which both Bosnia and Croatia oppose.
- I haven't even mentioned Kosovo, but it too could be a deadly spark
- also, beginning with Albania, as 90% of "Serbian" Kosovo's 2 million
- inhabitants are Albanian. As I recall, by one process or another,
- Kosovo passed from Albania to "Yugoslavia" in the wake of World War
- I, and in treaties after the war, "Macedonia" became joined to
- Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Vojvodina, Bosnia-Hercgovina and Croatia
- in what has often been called "the artificial state of Yugoslavia."
- Now, the re-fragmentation of that country is in earnest, back to the
- maps that precede 1914.
-
- In the last few hours, Radio Belgrade announced that the Commander in
- Chief of the "Yugoslav Federal Army," a General Panic (no relation to
- Milan Panic), warned that "Yugoslavia" was "prepared to fight any
- foreign troops" that invade either Bosnia or Serbia, and that
- "threats of intervention aimed at the biological extermination of
- Serbs" was "utterly illogical," and "could cause a much wider war,
- maybe even to the whole world." The Serb leader in Bosnia, R.
- Karadzic, warned that he would demand the withdrawal of UN
- peacekeepers if they belonged to any alliance that attacked Bosnia or
- Serbia (probably all of them). Butrous-Gahli of the UN wants greater
- action against the Serbs, and NATO reportedly has a wide range of
- option plans ready for armed intervention of various kinds. An
- Italian report as I write this that 3000 US troops were enroute to an
- Italian base for this very purpose of intervention was reportedly,
- according to NPR, denied by Washington almost as soon as the Italians
- reported it.
-
- Worse than the tragedy already unfolding is the idea of European war.
- It is amazing, and sobering, to a student of history that the nations
- of Europe would be willing to engage in ANOTHER war over this
- war-torn land. The brutal raping of Moslem women, the starving siege
- of Sarajevo, "ethnic cleansing" has created a climate of "war
- crimes," and war, it would appear that fighting is all most of the
- folks involved in this mess think will work. The people of Bosnia,
- Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia and perhaps Macedonia and Kosovo will
- probably pay the worst price for war.
-
- Humans are sure slow to learn, aren't they? VMS
-