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- Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
- Path: sparky!uunet!paladin.american.edu!auvm!MCIMAIL.COM!0004972767
- Message-ID: <92930103135129/0004972767DC4EM@mcimail.com>
- Newsgroups: bit.listserv.csg-l
- Date: Sun, 3 Jan 1993 13:51:00 GMT
- Sender: "Control Systems Group Network (CSGnet)" <CSG-L@UIUCVMD.BITNET>
- From: Hortideas Publishing <0004972767@MCIMAIL.COM>
- Subject: Re: Awesome demo
- Lines: 49
-
- From Greg Williams (920103)
-
- Gary Cziko 930103.0240 GMT] (I got "93" on the first try!)
-
- >This is very strange indeed since the subject's responses are SIMILAR on
- >the two trials and yet what she saw (the cursor pencil point) during the
- >two trials was very DIFFERENT. How can the subject respond similarly on
- >two trials when what was seen (the "stimulus") was so different?
-
- The two "responses" to two "very DIFFERENT" "stimuli" are NOT the SAME, only
- SIMILAR. Skinnerians would have no problem with the fact that (even slightly)
- DIFFERENT "responses" resulted from different "stimuli." And if you show them
- results where successive "responses" are IDENTICAL, yet the "stimuli" in each
- case are different, they will talk about "stimulus generalization" or say that
- the organism can "lump" different-appearing stimuli (to the experimenter) into
- ONE kind of "discriminative stimulus." But it gets even worse. If successive
- "responses" are judged as different by the experimenter, they might say that
- they really are all in the same "operant" set of responses.
-
- >If anyone can come up with an explanation of this which does not look like
- >closed-loop negative feedback model, please let us here on the CSGnet know
- >about it.
-
- At the level of the observed phenomena, it is obvious that the "stimulus" in
- your experiment is affected by the "response." Skinnerians have NO problems
- with such situations, which they call instances of "self-stimulation." But at
- the generative-model level (should any of them dare to speak thereof, lest
- they lose their "Skinnerian" labels!), some of them might argue that the
- "discriminative stimulus" is "middle pencil point moving (either direction)
- away from the middle line" and that the (ongoing) "operant" (set of
- "responses") consists of "actions to move the middle pencil back toward the
- middle line." Such a generative model makes no explicit reference (no pun
- intended) to postulated internal (to the organism) states. (PCTers, of
- course, will immediately note the IMPLICIT reference level. Skinner used to
- argue that bringing in such hypotheticals would add nothing to the "analysis
- of behavior," and, worse, would tend to distract one from the data. I still
- think he had a point, TO A DEGREE. Yet, by hewing that line so cautiously, he
- was unable to explain the existence of particular "wants" -- to which I
- quickly add that he did not WANT to explain that). Also, the typical
- Skinnerian would want to claim that the person would "respond" to the
- "discriminative stimuli" because of PREVIOUS reinforcements having to do with
- his/her relationship to the experimenter. Regardless, Skinner's notion of
- "operant" SETS of OUTPUTS, each of which result in the same OUTCOME, was a
- significant step toward replacing specification of outputs with control of
- perceptions.
-
- As ever,
-
- Greg
-