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- Date: Sat, 26 Dec 1992 23:24:40 -0500
- Sender: 18th Century Interdisciplinary Discussion <C18-L@PSUVM.BITNET>
- From: BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET
- Subject: C18-L'S Kalendar, December 28-January 3 (Reasons to celebrate)
- Lines: 307
-
- *********************************************************************
- * *
- * THE KALENDAR - REASONS TO CELEBRATE *
- * *
- * Compiled for C18-L by Kevin Berland *
- * BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET *
- * BCJ@psuvm.psu.edu *
- *********************************************************************
- DECEMBER 28
-
- BIRTHDAYS: Abbe Antoine Furetiere, French poet, compiler of the
- Dictionnaire Universel (1619-88);
-
- LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST: Thomas Henderson, Scottish
- astronomer (1798-1844); Alexander Keith Johnstone, Scottish
- geographer (1804); Carl Remigius Fresenius, German analytical
- chemist (1818-97); Thomas Woodrow Wilson, US political scientist,
- educator, 28th president, 1919 Nobel Peace Prize (1856-1924); Moshe
- Jacob Alter, aka Morris Rosenfeld, Yiddish poet (1862-1923); Sir
- Arthur Stanley Eddington, English scientist (1882-1944); Roger
- Huntington Sessions, US composer & teacher (1896); John von
- Neumann, Hungarian-born US mathematician, game theorist (1903-57);
- Earl "Fatha" Hines, African-American jazz pianistm composer (1905-83);
- Lew Ayres, US actor (1908); Sam Levenson, US comedian (1911-80);
- Ellis E.I. Clarke, Trinidadian statesman, president (1917); Hildegarde
- Neff, German actress (1925); Milton Obote, Ugandan statesman,
- president (1925); Maggie Smith, English actress (1934); King Birendra
- Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal (1945);
-
- DEATHS: Queen Mary of Orange and England (1694); Pierre Bayle
- (1706); Joseph Piton de Tournefort (1708); Dr. John Campbell (1775);
- John Logan (1788);
-
- ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:
-
- MISCELLANEA: Today is Nepal's National Day (celebrating King
- Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev's birthday); it's the Feast of the Holy
- Innocents, or Childermas. On this day in 1972 the comet Kohoutek
- came as close to the sun as it was going to...
-
- *************************************************************************
- DECEMBER 29
-
- BIRTHDAYS: Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Madame de Pompadour,
- mistress of Louis XV (1721-64); Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist, in
- 1823 inventor of process bonding rubber to cloth for raincoats, still
- called "Macintoshes" (1766-1843);
-
- LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST: Sir Archibald Alison, English
- historian (1792); Ferdinand Petrovich, Baron von Wrangel, Russian
- polar explorer, Governor-General of Russian America (1796-1870);
- Charles Goodyear, US inventor of rubber vulcanization process which
- made rubbermakers rich but he died broke (1800-60); Andrew
- Johnson, US tailor, politician, 17th president (1808-75); William Ewart
- Gladstone, English statesman, PM (1809-98); Carl Ludwig, German
- physiologist (1816-95); John James Ingalls, US farmer, lawyer,
- politician (1833-1900); Venustiano Carranza, Mexican revolutionary,
- president (1859-1920); Pablo Casals, Spanish cellist, conductor (1876-
- 1973); Robert C. Weaver, US economist, 1st black cabinet member,
- professor of urban affairs (1907); Robert Ruark, US novelist (1915-65);
- Luis Alberto Monge Alvarez, Costa Rican statesman, president (1925);
- John Voight, US actor (1938); Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, president of
- Republic of Maldives (1939);
-
- DEATHS: Sebastian Castalio (1563); Viscount William Stafford (1680);
- Dr. William Sydenham (1689); Brook Taylor (1731); Joseph Saurin
- (1737); Jacques Louis David (1825); Rev. Thomas R. Malthus (1834);
-
- ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: in 1778, British forces under General
- Clinton defeat American army at Savannah, Georgia;
-
- MISCELLANEA: Today is a Civic Holiday in Costa Rica; it's also the
- feast of St. Thomas a Becket, patron of the blind, eunuchs, secular
- clergy, and sinners. On this day in 1890, in an attempt to "control"
- Lakota religious rites, US army forces massacred native Americans at
- Wounded Knee.
-
- *************************************************************************
- DECEMBER 30
-
- BIRTHDAYS: Sir John Holt, Lord Chief Justice of England (1642);
- John Philips, English poet, author of "The Splendid Shilling" (1676);
-
- LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST: Charles Albert Coffin, US
- manufacturer (1844-1926); John Peter Altgeld, US politician, governor
- of Illinois (1847-1902); John Milne, English geologist, developer of 1st
- reliable seismograph (1850-1913); Asa Griggs Candler, US
- businessman, in 1873 founder of Coca-Cola (1851-1929); Rudyard
- Kipling, Indian-born British poet, novelist, 1907 Nobel Laureate (1865-
- 36); John Simon Guggenheim, US industrialist, philanthropist, founder
- of eponymous Foundation (1867-1941); Stephen Butler Leacock,
- Canadian humourist ("Lord Ronald said nothing; he flung himself from
- the room, flung himself upon his horse, and rode off in all directions"),
- political scientist (1869-1944); Alfred Emmanuel Smith, US politician,
- governor of New York (1873-1944); Hedeki Eiki Tojo, Japanese
- general, PM (1884-1948); Sir Carol Reed, English film director (1906-
- 76); Elias McDaniel, better known as Bo Diddley, African-American
- rock musician, guitarist, songwriter (1928); Albert-Bemard Omar
- Bongo, Gabonese statesman, president (1935);
-
- DEATHS: Roger Ascham (1568); Johann Baptist van Helmont (1644);
- Jacques Saurin (1730); James Francis Edward Stuart, the "Old
- Pretender" (1765); Paul Whitehead (1774); Olaus Tychsen (1815);
-
- ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:
-
- MISCELLANEA: Today in the Anniversary of the Democratic
- Republic of Madagascar; the Philippines celebrate Rizal Day. On this
- day in 1916 Rasputin was assassinated in and around the town house of
- Prince Felix Yussopov in St. Petersburg.
-
- *************************************************************************
- DECEMBER 31
-
- BIRTHDAYS: Andreas Vesalius, Flemish physiologist & anatomist
- (1514-64); Hermann Boerhaave, Dutch physician, philosopher, medical
- author, father of systematic physiology (1668-1738); Peter Bochler,
- Prussian Moravian theologian, led emigration of Georgian Moravians
- to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (1712-75); Charles Edward Stuart, the
- "Young Pretender" (1721); Charles, 1st Marquis Cornwallis, English
- general during American Revolution, afterwards Governor-General of
- India, 1786 & 1806, and Viceroy of Ireland 1798-1801 (1738-1805);
-
- LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST: Dr. Johann Gaspar
- Spurzheim, German-English phrenologist (1776); Jose Maria Heredia,
- Cuban-born French poet (1803-39); George Gordon Meade, US
- general (1815-72); Ismail Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt (1830-95); Henri-
- Emile Benoit Matisse, French painter, Fauve (1869-1954); George
- Catlett Marshall, US general, diplomat, 1953 Nobel Peace Prize (1880-
- 1959); Stanley Forman Reed, US jurist (1884-1980); Appolonia
- Chalupek, better known as Pola Negri, Polish-born US actress & arch-
- vamp (1894); Jule Styne, US composer & songwriter (1905); Felious
- Gordon, aka Odetta, African-American folk singer )1930); Anthony
- Hopkins, Welsh actor (1927); Diane Simone Michelle von Furstenburg,
- Belgian-born US fashion designer (1946);
-
- DEATHS: Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1679); Robert Boyle (1691);
- John Flamsteed (1719); Jean-Francois Marmontel (1799); William
- Gifford (1826);
-
- ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: in 1600, the East India Company (of
- London) was chartered.
-
- MISCELLANEA: It's New Year's Eve! Celebrate, but be careful,
- okay? Today Benin observes Feed Yourself Day; in Japan it's
- Omisoka (Grand Last Day); Scotland celebrates Hogmanay. On this
- day in 1908, Sergei Prokovief made his 1st professional concert
- appearance at the age of 17 in St. Petersburg.
-
- *************************************************************************
- JANUARY 1:
-
- BIRTHDAYS: Lorenzo de Medici, Florentine statesman, merchant, prince,
- patron of the arts (1449-92); Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss protestant reformer
- (1484-
- 1531); Bartolome Esteban Murillo, Spanish baroque painter (1618-82); Joseph
- Dupleix, Governor General of French India (1697-1763); Soame Jenyns,
- English philosopher, divine (1704); Baron Franz von Trenck (1710); Paul
- Revere, colonial US silversmith & legendary patriotic horseman (1735-1818);
- "Mad" Anthony Wayne, American Revolutionary general (1745-96); Maria
- Edgeworth, English poet, novelist, essayist, educator, woman of letters (1767);
- G.A. Burger, German poet (1748); Elizabeth "Betsy" Ross, colonial US patriot &
- legendary flag-maker (1752-1836);
-
- LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST: Sandor Petofi or Petrovics, Hungarian
- poet & revolutionary, the national poet of Hungary (1823-49); Ludovic Halevy,
- Turkish-born French playwright, who theorized that the Sumerians never
- existed & that their writings were secret writings of the Babylonian priesthood
- (1834-1908); Sir James Frazer, Scottish anthropologist & classicist, author of
- The
- Golden Bough (1854-1941); Michael Owens, US inventor of automatic bottling
- machine (1859-1923); Pierre Coubertin, French sportsman, in 1894 reviver of
- the Olympic games (1863-1937); Alfred Stieglitz, US photographer (1864-1946);
- Edward Morgan "E.M." Forster, English novelist, author of Howard's End, Room
- With a View, Passage to India -- who, as a small child, reputedly said: "I would
- rather be a coward than brave because people hurt you when you are brave"
- (1879-1970); William Fox, US film executive (1879-1952); Ernest Jones, English
- Freudian psychoanalyst, translator, & biographer (1879-1958); Manuel Roxas y
- Acuna, Philippine statesman & 1st president (1892-1948); Martin Niemoller,
- German priest, theologian, antifascist, president of the World Council of
- Churches (1892-1984); J. Edgar Hoover, US government official, director of
- F.B.I., paranoid (1895-1972); Red Allen, US jazz trumpet player (1895); Jank
- Greenberg, US baseball player (1911-56); Harold "Kim" Philby, English spy,
- defector (1912); Eliot Janeway, US economist (1913); J.D. Salinger, US
- novelist
- and recluse: "I am a kind of paranoid in reverse. I suspect people of plotting
- to
- make me happy" (1919); Goafar Mohammed Nimieri, Sudanese statesman,
- president, PM (1930);
-
- DEATHS: William Wycherly (1716); C.A. Helvetius (1772);
-
- ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: in 1519, on his 35th birthday, Zwingli was
- ordained at Zurich; in 1531 Portuguese explorers "discovered" Rio de Janeiro
- (the River of January) in Brazil; in 1547 Michelangelo was appointed chief
- architect of St. Peter's by Pope Paul II; in 1596 the 1st Dutch colonists
- landed on
- Sumatra, Indonesia; in 1651, Charles II was crowned King of Scotland at Scone -
- - the last coronation there; in 1660 General Monk set out from Coldstream (on
- the Tweed) to London, helping to effect the Restoration; in 1660 Samuel Pepys
- recorded his 1st diary entry : "This morning (we lying lately in the garret) I
- rose,
- put on my suit with great skirts, having not lately worn any other clothes but
- them"; in 1801 Sardinian astronomer M. Piozzi discovered Ceres & a whole
- bunch of other planetoids; in 1801, the Legislative Union of Great Britain with
- Ireland under the name of the United Kingdom became effective; in 1804, Haiti
- declared its independence from France;
-
- MISCELLANEA: Today is NEW YEAR'S DAY (everywhere that uses the
- Gregorian Calendar); today Cuba celebrates Liberation Day, or Anniversary of
- the Triumph of the Revolution (commemorating the overthrow of the Batista
- regime in 1959); it's Independence Day in Haiti (commemorating the declaration
- of Independence by Jean Jacques Dessalines in 1804), also called Heroes Day,
- Ancestors Day, or the Day of the Glorification of the Heroes of Independence;
- in the Democratic Republic of Somalia, it's a Bank Holiday; in Sudan it's
- Independence Day (1956); Taiwan celebrates the Founding of the Republic of
- China (1949); on this day in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation outlawed
- slavery in the US; in 1909, Marcel Proust, dipping a rusk of toast in his tea,
- experienced a rush of memories of childhood, eventually culminating in the
- episode of the madeleines & the structure (if that is the right word for it) of
- Remembrance of Things Past; in 1930, the Indian National Congress voted for
- complete independence from England;; in 1968, C. Day Lewis was named Poet
- Laureat of England;
-
- *************************************************************************
- JANUARY 2:
-
- BIRTHDAYS: Nathaniel Bacon, North American colonial leader (1647-76);
- John Manners, Marquis of Granby, English general (1721-70); James Wolfe,
- English general, the "dauntless hero" of "what went down on the Plains of
- Abraham," to quote 2 very different songs (1727-59); Ferdinand IV, King of
- Naples, aka Ferdinand III King of Sicily, & Ferdinand I King of the two Sicilies
- (1751-1825); Philip Morin Freneau, US poet, journalist (1752-1832);
-
- LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST: Justin Winsor, US historian, librarian
- (1831-97); Martha Carey Thomas, US suffragist, educator, 1st president of Bryn
- Mawr College (1857-1935); G. Gilbert Murray, English classicist, translator,
- guiding force in formation of League of Nations (1866-1957); Ernst Barlach,
- German sculptor (1870); Robert Nathan, US poet and novelist (1894); Count
- Folke Bernadotte, Swedish statesman (1895-1948); Charles Howard, US painter
- (1899); Isaac Asimov, Russian-born US science fiction author, popular writer,
- biochemist, &c. (1920-90); Renata Tebaldi, Italian operatic lyric soprano
- (1922);
-
- DEATHS: Publius Ovidius Naso (18); Titus Livius (18); Alexander, Earl of
- Rosslyn (1805);
-
- ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: in 1492 the Moors surrendered Granada to
- Spain; in 1536, John Leyden, the Anabaptist "Prophet," was executed; in 1688
- London's Gazette announced English Queen Mary's pregnancy & proclaimed a
- form of prayer appointed by several bishops praising God for fresh hope of
- royal issue; in 1735 Pope's Epistle to Arbuthnot was published; in 1756, the
- residents of Tuam, Ireland, at 4 in the afternoon were dazzled by a brilliant
- light,
- brighter than usual daylight, in the form of "a sun of streamers" rippling in
- the
- sky, fading until its disapperance to the north was attended by a shock (see
- Gents 26.39); in 1788 Georgia ratified the US constitution; in 1799,
- Napoleon's
- army marched into Syria.
-
- MISCELLANEA: Today is a Public Holiday in Botswana; Haiti celebrates
- Ancestry Day; St. Lucia takes a Public Holiday today; in Switzerland it's
- Berchtoldstag (Berchold's Day), honouring the founder of Berne. It's the Feast
- of Sts. Basil the Great, Gregory Nazianzen, Macarius of Alexandria (patron of
- pastry cooks & confectioners), and Munchin (patron of Limerick). in 1926, the
- Royal Academy of Italy was created; in 1959 Fidel Castro's rebellion removed
- Fulgencio Batista as dictator of Cuba;
-
- *************************************************************************
- JANUARY 3:
-
- BIRTHDAYS: Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman orator, letter-writer, philosopher
- "What an ugly beast is the ape; and how like us" (106 BCE); Le Valentin, French
- painter (1591); Pietro Domenico Buonaventura Metastasio, Italian poet,
- playwright (1698-1782);
-
- LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST: Lucretia Coffin Mott, US Quaker
- abolitionist, feminist (1793-1880); Douglas William Jerrold, English
- playwright,
- humourist, contributor to Punch and founder of Jerrold's Magazine -- who once
- said, "If I were a grave-digger or even a hangman, there are some people I
- could work for with a great deal of enjoyment" (1803); Larkin Goldsmith Mead,
- US sculptor (1835-1910); Joseph Damien de Veuster, Belgian priest, the Father
- Damien of the Molokai leper colony (1840-89); Wilhelm Pieck, (East) German
- leader (1876-1960); August Macke, German painter (1887); J.R.R. Tolkien,
- English medievalist and author of the Hobbit and Lord of The Rings (1892-1973);
- Tubal Claude Ryan, US aircraft-maker, builder of Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis
- (1898-82); Ngo Dinh Diem, Viet Namese statesman, president (1901-63); Victor
- Borge, Danish-born US pianist, comedian: "I only know two pieces: one is Clair
- de Lune and the other isn't" (1909); Jack Levine, US painter (1915);
-
- DEATHS: Jeremiah Horrox (1641); George Monk, Duke of Albemaele (1670);
- Josiah Wedgwood (1795);
-
- ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: in 1521, Martin Luther was excommunicated by
- pope Leo X; in 1661, female actors appeared on the English stage for the first
- time; in 1779 Washington's Continental Army defeated the British under
- Cornwallis at the Battle of Princeton;
-
- MISCELLANEA: Today is Genshi-Sai (First Beginning) in Japan; Upper Volta
- celebrates Revolution Day. It's the Feast of St. Genevieve, patron of Parism
- actors, lawyers, and secretaries. On this day in 1882, Oscar Wilde arrived in
- New York, was asked by customs officials if he had anything to declare, and
- answered, "Nothing but my genius"; Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband
- premiered at London's Haymarket Theatre; in 1921, the 1st parliament in India
- met.
-