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- From: SL500000@brownvm.brown.edu (Robert Mathiesen)
- Newsgroups: alt.pagan
- Subject: The OED and the word "athame"
- Date: Tue, 29 Dec 1992 18:22:46 EST
- Organization: Brown University - Providence, Rhode Island USA
- Lines: 29
- Message-ID: <1hqmjlINN6ji@cat.cis.Brown.EDU>
- References: <1992Dec22.194238.16593@netcom.com> <ZeR0VB3w165w@brewich.hou.tx.us> <1992Dec26.014535.2308@u.washington.edu> <1992Dec29.192754.25111@serval.net.wsu.edu>
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- The reason that the OED does not have the term "athame" in it is simply that
- it is a relatively new word. The older form, attested from the 16th century
- on, has an "r" in the first syllable, usually "arthame," but sometimes with
- some variation in the last syllable, e.g. "arthanay." It is found in some
- -- by no means all -- manuscripts of the several forms of the [Greater] Key
- of Solomon. English texts of the Key are secondary, and represent transla-
- tions from French or Italian texts, so you have to track the really early
- history of the word in these latter languages. -- The word shows up *in
- print* only in the 20th century, and its first attested use as a "witch's
- knife" (instead of a ceremonial magician's knife) is in the French author
- Grillot de Givry, whose illustrated history of witchcraft and magic was
- published in French in the 1920's and in English translation in the 1930's.
- Clark Ashton Smith has it from Grillot de Givry.
-
- The forms without the "r" are no older than Gardner (who spelled it
- "athame") and Leek (who spelled it "athalme"), both of which reflect an
- English "r-less" pronunciation. This shows that both Gardner and Leek
- became familiar with the word as a spoken form, not a written one, and
- supports some oral use of the term in the New Forest Area prior to their
- books. However, this oral use hardly can be older than the 10th
- century, since it depends on Grillot de Givry's personal reinter-
- pretation of "arthame" as the magical weapon specifically of a
- witch, rather than of a magician generally.
-
- Since printed works on witchcraft as a present-day religion become
- numerous only in the 1970's, the term hardly was positioned to catch the
- eye of a dictionary maker when the OED was being compiled.
-
- Robert Mathiesen, Brown University, SL500000@BROWNVM
-