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- Path: sparky!uunet!munnari.oz.au!bruce.cs.monash.edu.au!monu6!daneel.rdt.monash.edu.au!tooraj
- From: tooraj@daneel.rdt.monash.edu.au (Tooraj Enayati)
- Subject: Re: DRAM refresh rates
- Message-ID: <tooraj.725591998@daneel.rdt.monash.edu.au>
- Sender: news@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au (Usenet system)
- Organization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.
- References: <1992Dec15.205835.643@zooid.guild.org> <1gske7INNgje@coli-gate.coli.uni-sb.de> <1992Dec27.105039.25690@microsoft.com>
- Date: Tue, 29 Dec 1992 01:19:58 GMT
- Lines: 51
-
- chuckst@microsoft.com (Chuck Strouss) writes:
-
- >In article <1gske7INNgje@coli-gate.coli.uni-sb.de> chbl@sbustd.rz.uni-sb.de (Christian Blum) writes:
- >>
- >>No way this will work. The refresh rate is set to 18.2 per second; since
- >>there are 512 rows to refresh, this means every bit in your computer's
- >>DRAM is refreshed every 20 seconds! There are DRAMS that survive 15ms
- >>without being refreshed, but a 70ns DRAM can't take it. Try about 10ms
- >>......
-
- >It is surprising how long some DRAMs can go without refresh. For
- >production systems, you must believe the manufacturers worst-case
- >specs, but DRAMs rarely need to be refreshed that often.
-
- >A while back, I was working on the software for a computer system that
- >did its DRAM refresh with a software interrupt -- it only took about
- >5% of the CPU time. At first, we had a bug in our refresh code, but
- >the system was still working remarkably well. Tracing down another bug
- >revealed that we weren't refreshing at all, except for the natural
- >refreshing that came from the execution of code.
-
- >Once we got the refresh working, we decided to determine exactly
- >how slow we could refresh and still have the system work. We made
- >sure that the CPU was executing in a tight loop the rest of the time,
- >so that normal execution wasn't refreshing.
-
- >Turns out the particular DRAMs we were using, at the temperatures
- >we were running, held their contents just fine with a 1-2 second
- >refresh rate. They started failing a bit at 5 sec, and were
- >still 80% correct after 15 sec.
-
- >We expanded our experiments a bit, and tried DRAMs from different
- >manufacturers, and also tried different temperatures. There
- >were remarkable differences with both parameters. We ended up
- >taking the full 5% CPU hit requirred to meet the manufacturers'
- >specs, which I think is a good decision for anybody who is tempted
- >to play around with refresh rates.
-
- Ther are couple of files at simtel-20 (or its mirrors) under sysutl
- called qram.zip and fastram.zip (or maybe .arc) that let you play
- with the DRAM refresh rate and results in 5% to 10% CUP speed increase.
-
- I managed to increse my CPU speed from 16.2Mhz to 17.33Mhz (checked it
- out using Landmark SPEED200). Interesting enough the video speeds up to
- and i can see inprovement when Windows is redrawing the screen.
-
- --
- ==============================================================================
- Tooraj Enayati Melbourne Australia tooraj@daneel.rdt.monash.edu.au
- Monash University Robotic and Digital Technology (Graduate/Alumni)
- ==============================================================================
-