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- From: Multinational Monitor via Jym Dyer <jym@mica.berkeley.edu>
- Newsgroups: alt.activism,talk.environment
- Subject: INFO: Alaska: Pulp Mills Come Before Human Health
- Followup-To: alt.activism.d,talk.environment
- Date: 22 Dec 1992 00:10:16 GMT
- Organization: The Naughty Peahen Party Line
- Lines: 142
- Message-ID: <Multinational_Monitor.21Dec1992.1610@naughty-peahen>
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-
- [From EcoNet]
- [Also Posted to misc.activism.progressive (by Somebody Else)]
-
- ================================================================
- [Taken from the November 1992 Multinational Monitor.]
-
- Alaska's Troubled Waters
-
- ANCHORAGE -- In order to accommodate the gold mining and pulp
- industries, the pro-development administration of Alaska
- Governor Wally Hickel is proposing to put human health and
- environmental protection on the line by significantly lowering
- certain state water quality standards, proposing weak human
- health criteria for other standards and allowing for the
- continued operation of facilities that are violating state law.
-
- New draft waste water permits issued this spring by the U.S.
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required pulp mills in
- Sitka and Ketchikan to comply with Alaska's existing water
- quality standards.
-
- According to the Southeast Alaska Conservation Council (SEACC),
- a Juneau-based environmental organization, however, the mills
- have never complied with the standards [see "Razing Alaska: The
- Destruction of the Tongass Forest, "Multinational Monitor,
- July/Aug 1990]. SEACC claims that, instead of enforcing state
- regulations, the Hickel administration sped up an ongoing review
- of state water quality standards in response to the EPA's action
- and proposed regulatory changes which would allow the mills and
- other violators to continue polluting at their present levels.
-
- The Alaska state Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC)
- proposals "are quite clearly driven by the interests of the pulp
- mills and the gold mines," says Anthony Turrini, staff counselor
- for the National Wildlife Federation in Anchorage. The most
- significant relate to the setting of standards based on human
- health criteria.
-
- The proposed standards would allow the Sitka and Ketchikan mills
- to dump 85 times more dioxin than recommended by the EPA, and
- would permit gold mines to release 250 times more arsenic than
- the EPA's standards. The proposals also allow industry to dump
- 10 times the agency's recommended standard for chloroform.
-
- According to David Sturdevant, water quality standards
- coordinator for the DEC, the EPA's most stringent recommended
- risk level for dioxin, chloroform and arsenic is set at a factor
- of 10^-5 (meaning a one in 1,000,000 chance of getting cancer
- over a lifetime of exposure to a particular substance). The
- DEC has proposed adopting a less stringent 10 risk factor (one
- in 100,000 chance). Sturdevant points out that more than one
- half of U.S. states have adopted the less stringent standard.
-
- Sturdevant says that determining risk levels is a complex
- process based on scientific data which is not necessarily
- conclusive. "There is no book you can look at," he says. The
- DEC has factored other considerations into its decision to
- adopt the higher risk factor. "This is a social and economic
- policy decision," says Sturdevant. "The state does recognize
- the economic concerns involved in [industries] having to meet
- stricter standards."
-
- Sturdevant points out that the mills in Sitka and Ketchikan
- provide almost 25 percent of the economic base of those areas.
- "The Department believes we must be sensitive to the effects
- of [stricter] standards on those mills and on the people that
- work there," he says.
-
- The Hickel administration has also proposed changing the
- definition of "mixing zones," which are legalized pollution
- zones where standards for pollutants may be exceeded. Industry
- is currently prohibited from dumping potential and proven
- carcinogens for both humans and aquatic life into mixing zones.
- According to SEACC, the proposed changes would allow for the
- discharge of potential carcinogens, by imposing a prohibition
- only if the chemical were a "proven" carcinogen to humans.
-
- Yet another Hickel and DEC proposal would eliminate the
- regulation of all hydrocarbons in water and permit toxic
- concentrations in unlined tailing ponds and other "wastewater
- treatment facilities" to exceed state standards.
-
- Environmentalists and concerned citizens have mobilized
- opposition to the revisions during a recently extended public
- comment period. Their input, however, is likely to have little
- influence on DEC decisions regarding the standards. "Public
- comment only has a real influence if the government has an open
- mind," says Turrini. "In this case the DEC already has some
- very clear objectives."
-
- The EPA must approve the final standards and it has expressed
- concern over some of the state revisions. An October 5 memo
- from Sally Marquis, EPA Region 10 water quality standards
- coordinator, to Sturdevant spells out the federal agency's
- reservations about many DEC proposed changes, including those
- for regulating hydrocarbons and mixing zones and for human
- health criteria for arsenic and dioxin. The memo states that
- certain revised standards for arsenic and dioxin do not comply
- with the Clean Water Act.
-
- Environmentalists fear that Region 10 officials and the DEC will
- reach a compromise over the course of the public comment period,
- and that the EPA will eventually approve greatly weakened
- standards.
-
- Marquis's memo states, "We are hoping that we can resolve many
- of these concerns during the remainder of the public comment
- period." And SEACC's Marna Schwartz notes that the EPA's
- concerns were only made public under great pressure from
- environmentalists. "It's pretty amazing that both agencies felt
- that this should be kept confidential, especially in a state
- where the largest employer--commercial fishing--is completely
- dependent upon clean water to keep it in business," she says.
-
- --- Holly Knaus
-
- ------------
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- From: ACTIV-L via Jym Dyer <jym@mica.berkeley.edu>
- Organization: The Naughty Peahen Party Line
- Newsgroups: alt.activism,talk.environment
- Followup-to: alt.activism.d,talk.environment
- Subject: MM: Alaska: Pulp Mills come before human health
-
-
- [From EcoNet reg.philippine Conference]
- [Also Posted to ACTIV-L and misc.activism.progressive (by Somebody Else)]
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