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- From: adpeters@sunflower.bio.indiana.edu (Andy Peters)
- Subject: Re: Ted makes some sense!!!!!
- Message-ID: <BxsGCx.6Ar@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu>
- Sender: news@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu (USENET News System)
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- Organization: Program in Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, Indiana University
- References: <1992Nov10.231927.3971@athena.cs.uga.edu> <101988@bu.edu> <111@fedfil.UUCP>
- Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 03:00:32 GMT
- Lines: 65
-
- In article <111@fedfil.UUCP> news@fedfil.UUCP (news) writes:
-
- >For reasons too numerous to mention, natural selection and the other
- >various mechanisms which are commonly given out as driving engines for
- >evolution just don't cut it, and teaching a theory with obvious holes in
- >it is difficult for anybody. Natural selection is what is known (outside
- >the realm of evolution studies) as a tautology: the fittest survive, and
- >those who survive do so because they are most "fit" (the survivers are the
- >fit).
-
- Let's start out by assuming that Ted's at least partially right, and
- that "Survival of the Fittest" is a tautology. Fortunately for us
- yuppie scientists, "survival of the fittest" != natural selection.
- Natural selection is best described as a syllogism. It has two
- premises:
-
- IF there is heritable variation for a trait
-
- AND some expressions of a trait confer a greater chance of
- reproduction than others
-
- and a conclusion:
- THEN changes in the genetic constitution of a population will occur.
-
- Being a syllogism, then, NS is testable. Merely test the premises.
- Now I ask you:
-
- Do you see heritable variation for traits in nature?
- (If you answer no, then you'd better back yourself up)
-
- Do some expressions of these traits confer greater chances of
- reproduction than others?
- (Ditto the "back yourself up" demand from above.)
-
- Another way of stating the problem with the "tautology" argument is
- that it assumes that fitness is defined as survival. Firstly (and
- somewhat trivially), fitness is more accurately defined as
- reproductive success. Secondly (and more importantly), this only
- leads to circularity if there is no way to predict fitness. Since,
- however, fitness can be predicted (at least in theory) as a
- probablistic event even before the end of the lifetime of an
- individual, circularity is avoided - fitness is no longer defined
- merely as "those which survive."
-
- BTW, Ted, you've claimed that the increase in species diversity after
- the flood is due to increased mutation rates as a result of high
- levels of radiation. However, mutation rate increases of the
- magnitude you require would swamp the genome with highly deleterious
- mutations, which would completely outweigh any advantages gained from
- beneficial mutations. This would lead to mass death, genetic
- bottlenecks, and _decreases_ rather than increases of genetic
- diversity within species (not to mention extinctions of entire
- species). In other words, it would lead to a decrease rather than an
- increase in diversity. How do you account for this problem?
-
- >Ted Holden
- >HTE
-
- --Andy "Breaking his solemn oath to ignore Ted" Peters
-
- --
- * Andy Peters * I borrowed Dad's jack. I'll *
- * Program in Evolution, * return it and his rivet * (<-Don't
- * Ecology, and Behavior * gun tomorrow * ask)
- * Indiana University, Bloomington * -Bob *
-