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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!utcsri!newsflash.concordia.ca!cerberus.ulaval.ca!yergeau
- From: yergeau@phy.ulaval.ca (Francois Yergeau)
- Subject: Re: History of AC vs DC Power
- Message-ID: <1992Nov19.163117.10355@cerberus.ulaval.ca>
- Keywords: alternating current, direct current
- Sender: news@cerberus.ulaval.ca
- Nntp-Posting-Host: 132.203.76.4
- Organization: Universite Laval, Quebec
- References: <1992Nov11.154425.8399@speedy.aero.org> <1992Nov18.204405.29722@mksol.dseg.ti.com>
- Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 16:31:17 GMT
- Lines: 48
-
- In article <1992Nov18.204405.29722@mksol.dseg.ti.com> mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539) writes:
- >In <1992Nov11.154425.8399@speedy.aero.org> steve@pepe.aero.org (Steve Sedlacek) writes:
- >>A question came up at lunch yesterday: Why is our power system completely
- >>AC?
- >
- >Well, actually it isn't. Isn't there some stupid rule that puts large
- >taxes on AC power transmission across state lines? I seem to remember
- >that there is, and that what the power companies do is convert the
- >power to DC on the transmission side of the line, send it across (tax
- >free), and then change it back to AC on the other side for further
- >transmission (a process referred to as 'wheeling', if I'm remembering
- >correctly).
-
- Apart from possible taxes, there's a good, physical reason to go to DC
- on occasion: grid synchronization. Take the situation of state A
- exporting power to state B; just imagine what would result if the power
- fed by A were 180 degrees out of phase with A's grid: big trouble! If
- you don't use AC->DC->AC as a "phase buffer", you need to keep
- synchronized the grids of all states that want to be connected
- together, which is pretty hard on a continental scale.
-
- To deal with that problem, Hydro-Quebec recently built a high-voltage
- DC line from James bay right down to the U.S. border, for the express
- purpose of exporting power to New-England. As far as I know, the
- DC->AC converter is north of the border, so that the power is exported
- as AC; only this one converter, however, needs to be synchronized with
- the New-England grid.
-
- >Even with the power losses involved in the two changes
- >and the expense of the 'wheeling' stations, it works out to still be
- >cheaper than paying the tax.
-
- For a long line, these losses and costs can be offset by the higher
- carrying capacity of the line: the power carried is P = V_rms.I_rms; in
- an AC line, the insulators have to be able to stand the peak voltage
- V_max = V_rms*sqrt(2); in a DC line, V_max = V_rms, so for the same
- line you can jack up the voltage and carry more power, or you can build
- a less expensive line to carry the same power.
-
- Disclaimer: I'm no engineer, so if I overlooked some important
- practical limitations in the above, please limit your flames to the
- mild variety.
-
- --
- Francois Yergeau (yergeau@phy.ulaval.ca) | De gustibus et coloribus
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser | non disputandum
- Departement de Physique | -proverbe scolastique
- Universite Laval, Ste-Foy, QC, Canada |
-