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- From: ramsay@unixg.ubc.ca (Keith Ramsay)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Sarfatti and would-be FTL
- Date: 19 Nov 1992 05:09:44 GMT
- Organization: UBC, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, "Loudmouths' Anonymous"
- Lines: 59
- Message-ID: <1ef7ioINNot4@iskut.ucs.ubc.ca>
- References: <Bxw9qF.369@well.sf.ca.us>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: unixg.ubc.ca
-
- In article <Bxw9qF.369@well.sf.ca.us> sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us
- (Jack Sarfatti) writes:
- |*I don't deny it. There is no reason why, in the one-photon problem with
- |zero connection that arg<a,e,+|a,o,+> cannot be different for every
- |different superposition in order to preserve unitarity.
-
- Ack!
-
- |Why do you
- |automatically assume invariance of arg<a,e,+|a,o,+> - what law of physics
- |requires such invariance?*
-
- This is a real gem. It is a fine illustration of the difficulties in
- discussing material involving "variables".
-
- In order to talk about the superpositions of two states, the states
- themselves must be already defined. We can, of course, recycle our
- variables and use |a,e,+> and |a,o,+> to refer to analogous states
- within another experimental design-- but each joint reference to
- |a,e,+> and |a,o,+> has to refer to a particular one.
-
- What the principle of superposition means is that we can vary our
- choice of superposition, e.g. z1 |a,e,+> + z2 |a,o,+>, *without* also
- varying the experimental design, and hence also without varying such
- relationships among |a,e,+> and |a,o,+> as the value of <a,e,+|a,o,+>.
- Each design will have its own value of <a,e,+|a,o,+>, not varying
- depending upon z1 and z2.
-
- I assumed that you implicitly fixed the experimental design. That is
- why I "automatically assumed" the invariance of <a,e,+|a,o,+>. If you
- never fix the experimental design, then it is easy to evade questions
- about unitarity as you have just described: by positing a different
- experimental design for each state!
-
- *Fix*, then, any *one* experimental design such as you've described,
- so that it is possible to speak of *the* fixed value of <a,e,+|a,o,+>,
- and so on. Consider the family of possible initial states of the pair
- of photons:
-
- |a,b> = |a,e,+> [ z1 |b,e,+> + z2 |b,o,-> ]
- +|a,o,-> [ z3 |b,e,+> + z4 |b,o,-> ],
-
- where |z1|^2+|z2|^2+|z3|^2+|z4|^2=1. If |a,e,+> evolves in the
- experiment to e^{i*phi} |a,e,+> and |a,o,-> to |a,o,+>, then we get a
- state
-
- |a,b> = e^{i*phi} |a,e,+> [ z1 |b,e,+> + z2 |b,o,-> ]
- + |a,o,+> [ z3 |b,e,+> + z4 |b,o,-> ].
-
- In order for this to be a state, its bracket with itself has to be 1.
- This has to hold true for *all* possible choices of z1,z2,z3,z4. We
- already know that |b,e,+> and |b,o,-> are orthogonal and normal. How
- can you possibly arrange all of this, without <a,e,+|a,o,+>=0? It just
- doesn't work.
-
- Keith Ramsay "But I really think that frequent posters such as
- ramsay@unixg.ubc.ca myself, Dale, Scott, McIrvin and others are not
- crackpots; we are simply loudmouths."
- -John Baez
-