home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Xref: sparky sci.physics:19197 sci.optics:1174 alt.sci.physics.new-theories:2342
- Newsgroups: sci.physics,sci.optics,alt.sci.physics.new-theories
- Path: sparky!uunet!well!sarfatti
- From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
- Subject: Quantum Mach-Zehnder Interferometer II
- Message-ID: <Bxxx26.LJs@well.sf.ca.us>
- Sender: news@well.sf.ca.us
- Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
- Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 01:49:18 GMT
- Lines: 88
-
-
- #2 Single counter MZI
-
- The crux of the debate over quantum connection communication fact or
- fantasy between me and Keith Ramsay has to do with the decision process
- between interfering and non-interfering alternatives. The following
- example addresses the heart of the matter. Ramsay professes that the two
- alternative histories t and r for photon a are always non-interfering
- because, he says, <t|r> = 0 and any unitary transformation must preserve
- this bracket relation.
-
- ---->\\---------\
- |a> | |t> |
- | - phase plate (phi)
- | |
- \----------0 |3> |
- |r>
-
- Fig.1C MZI (single counter)
-
- According to Ramsay:
-
- |a> -> [e^iphi|t> + i|r>]/sqrt2 = |a>'
-
- p(3) = |<3|a>'|^2 = |<3|t>|^2 + |<3|r>|^2
-
- + 2|<3|t>||<3|r>|cos(phi+arg<3|t>-arg<3|r> - pi/2)
-
- At this point it is not clear what Ramsay would do. Ramsay what would you
- do? One thing he might do is:
-
- impose p(3) = 1 (ideal detectors in all these examples).
-
- An alternative thing he might do is to make a formal sum over all detection
- points 3 and assume random phases to get
-
- Sum{p(3)} = |<3|t>|^2 + |<3|r>|^2
- 3
-
- and make reasonable ansatz that
-
- |<3|t>| = |<3|r>| = 1/sqrt2
-
- This way of doing things is unesthetic having all these ad-hoc parameters
- like epicycles that must be adjusted to get what we know by intuition is
- the right answer.
-
- The Feynman history way of doing this problem is simple to write:
-
- |a> -> [e^iphi a(t) + a(r)]|3> = |a>'
-
- where a(t) is amplitude for photon to take t(r) path without intervening
- phase plates etc.. We add these ampltudes coherently since the single
- counter (clamped) makes them indistinguishable (i.e. no 1-1 correlation to
- orthogonal kets of some measuring system like a Heisenberg microscope in
- "on" mode).
-
- Therefore,
-
- p(3) = |<3|a>'|^2 = |e^iphi a(t) + a(r)|^2 = 1
-
- but,
-
- a(t) = e^iarga(t)/sqrt2
-
- a(r) = e^iarga(r)/sqrt2
-
- Therefore, conservation of probability requires
-
- cos[phi + arg(t) - arg(r)] = 0
-
- or
-
- phi + arg(t) - arg(r) = pi/2
-
- is a solution.
-
- Note that the relative phase shift of the beam splitter is not frozen in
- stone like the Ten Commandments but adjusts itself globally to the boundary
- conditions or "total experimental arrangement" - in this case the setting
- on the variable phase plate.
-
- The point is that there is nothing in the quantum formalism that prohibits
- "indistinguishable" single counter detection as shown in Fig.1c. Ramsay's
- comments on different momentum components is adhoc nonsense. I will go on
- to develop a sequence of examples leading to final quantum connection
- communicator in future posts.
-
-