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- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!rutgers!igor.rutgers.edu!planchet.rutgers.edu!nanotech
- From: szabo@techbook.com (Nick Szabo)
- Newsgroups: sci.nanotech
- Subject: Bulk chemical improvements via early nanotech
- Message-ID: <Nov.20.21.01.04.1992.26435@planchet.rutgers.edu>
- Date: 21 Nov 92 02:01:05 GMT
- Sender: nanotech@planchet.rutgers.edu
- Lines: 52
- Approved: nanotech@aramis.rutgers.edu
-
-
- hagerman@ece.cmu.edu (John Hagerman) writes:
-
- >How might nanotechnology contribute to
- >bulk chemical processes?
-
- A major benfit could be the prototyping and manufacture of
- catalysts. Catalysts need to have molecular structures
- precisely designed to trap certain kinds of molecules, let
- others flow through, and keep still others out, all without
- getting clogged or poisoned. Currently these catalysts are
- built by either by growing crystals with a reasonable spacing
- in bulk, or by producing enzymes via biotech. Often it
- is not possible to make catalysts with the proper molecular
- shapes via the current methods. But when it is, the payoffs
- can be big.
-
- For example, a combination of these techniques was used to
- turn corn starch into high-fructose corn syrup for a major
- bulk market, soda pop. The _Streptomyces_ enzyme glucose
- isomerase is glued to a ceramic support using a polymer that
- lets the enzyme keep its shape. The entire system has to be
- molecularly precise, but must be made in bulk instead of optimally
- crafted. Despite the crude method the results are phenomenal --
- one pound of the ceramic/polymer/enzyme structure will catalyze the
- production of 14-18 tons of fructose before the enzyme loses its
- activity.
-
- Within this millenium (only 7.2 years left!) I predict we will
- start to see catalysts prototyped by new techniques of nanolithography,
- including AFM machining, AFM arrays and nanoresists. See my previous
- article, "Nanolithography" for a description of some of these
- methods. Early in the next century catalysts may be mass-produced
- by these processes. Catalysts are critical to the oil industry, the
- chemical industry and to pollution control -- the worldwide market
- is in the $10's of billions per year and growing rapidly.
-
- Beyond new catalysts, I see a big market for micro-chemical
- reactors in artificial organs to produce various biological
- molecules. For example, they might replace or augment the
- functionality of the kidneys, pancreas, liver, thyroid gland,
- etc. They might produce psychoactive chemicals inside the
- blood-brain barrier. Microplants in space could manufacture
- propellant, various industrial inputs and to perform life support
- functions more efficiently. Over 95% of the mass we now launch
- into space could be replaced by these materials produced from
- comets, asteroids, Mars, etc. Even if Drexler's self-replicating
- assemblers are a long time in coming, nanolithographed tiny chemical
- reactors could open up the solar system.
-
-
- Nick Szabo szabo@techboook.com
-