home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!moe.ksu.ksu.edu!kuhub.cc.ukans.edu!husc-news.harvard.edu!blom
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: 1+1/2+1/3+...+1/n > x (SOLUTION)
- Message-ID: <1992Nov20.101643.17628@husc15.harvard.edu>
- From: blom@husc15.harvard.edu
- Date: 20 Nov 92 10:16:43 EST
- Organization: Harvard University Science Center
- Lines: 86
-
- The harmonic series with which you are dealing is closely related to
- the psi function, defined as
-
- d
- -- GAMMA (z)
- dz
- PSI (z) := --------------
- GAMMA (z)
-
- where the gamma function is defined as
-
- GAMMA (1) = 1!
-
- GAMMA (n) = (n - 1) GAMMA (n - 1)
-
- the gamma function is also defined for non-integral values, but it
- gets hairy. Anyway, these properties result:
-
- 1
- PSI (z + 1) = PSI (z) + ---
- z
-
-
- If n is an integer, then
-
-
- n - 1 1
- PSI (n) = PSI (1) + SUM ---
- k=1 k
-
-
- PSI (1) = -euler_gamma
- = -0.5772156649015328606065120900824024310421593359
-
-
- inf BERNOULLI (k)
- PSI (z) = LN (z) - SUM ---------------
- k=1 k
- k z
-
-
- Where BERNOULLI (k) is the kth Bernoulli number. From the above equations,
-
-
- inf BERNOULLI (k)
- PSI (n) = LN (n) - SUM ---------------
- k=1 k
- k (n)
-
-
- n 1 1
- PSI (n) = PSI (1) + SUM --- - ---
- k=1 k n
-
-
- Combining these, we find that
-
-
- n 1 1 inf BERNOULLI (k)
- SUM --- = LN (n) + euler_gamma + --- - SUM ---------------
- k=1 k 2 n k=2 k
- k (n)
-
-
- The Bernoulli numbers can be generated as follows:
-
- 1
- BERNOULLI (1) = - ---
- 2
-
- 1 n - 1 n! BERNOULLI (k)
- BERNOULLI (n) = - ------- - SUM ------------------
- n + 1 k=1 k! (n - k + 1)!
-
- The odd Bernoulli numbers B3, B5, etc. are all zero.
-
- By expanding the above sequence, we can find the sum of the first n
- reciprocals quickly and easily. My computer gives anomalous results
- for n in the range in which the sum > 100, but maybe someone else could
- use this formula to verify the exact value for which we are looking.
- The greatest integer less than
-
- 100 - euler_gamma
- e
-
- is a good estimate, but it might be a little off.
-