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- Xref: sparky sci.logic:2074 sci.physics:19073
- Path: sparky!uunet!mtnmath!paul
- From: paul@mtnmath.UUCP (Paul Budnik)
- Newsgroups: sci.logic,sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Lowneheim-Skolem theorem (was: Continuos vs. discrete models)
- Message-ID: <356@mtnmath.UUCP>
- Date: 17 Nov 92 17:39:47 GMT
- References: <1992Nov7.214329.24552@galois.mit.edu> <COLUMBUS.92Nov16105941@strident.think.com>
- Followup-To: sci.logic
- Organization: Mountain Math Software, P. O. Box 2124, Saratoga. CA 95070
- Lines: 48
-
- In article <COLUMBUS.92Nov16105941@strident.think.com>, columbus@strident.think.com (Michael Weiss) writes:
- > In an earlier post, Paul Budnik writes:
- > This well known result is called the Lowenheim and Skolem theorem. The
- > idea of the proof is that a formal system is a computer program for enumerating
- > theorems. The names of all real numbers created by such a program are
- > obviously countable. Of course the mapping of these real numbers to names is
- > not definable within the the formal system and thus these reals cannot be
- > shown to be countable within the system.
- >
- > This is not the correct statement of the Loewenheim-Skolem theorem. Here is
- > one formulation (the so-called "downward" Loewenheim-Skolem theorem):
-
- I did not say that the above was a statement of the theorem, but that it was
- the idea of the proof. I suspect that the `downward' L-S theorem is a
- generalization of what I was referring to.
-
- > Any model of a countable first-order theory has a countable elementary
- > submodel. (By "countable theory", we mean one whose language is
- > countable. "Elementary" means, roughly, that any assertion true of the
- > model is true also of the submodel.)
- >
- > Budnik's statement about there being only a countable infinity of definable
- > real numbers is correct, if by "definable" we mean "definable by a formula
- > in a countable theory". This fact is essentially trivial, since there are
- > only a countable number of formulas in such a theory.
-
- But all formal system have only a countable number of formulas. You and
- many mathematicians may believe that there exists a Platonic heaven in
- which all reals reside and that some formal systems include sentences
- referring to each of these reals. That is a philosophical conjecture that
- is open to question.
-
- > ...
- > In short: there may be good reasons for radically changing the foundations
- > of physics (and there may not-- pace, defenders of the status quo(ntum)!),
- > but the Loewenheim-Skolem theorem is not one of them.
-
- I do not think anyone is going to accept or reject a physical theory based
- on L-S. I do think it provides a valuable perspective in thinking about these
- issues. A formal system is a computer program for enumerating theorems.
- Whether it is anything beyond that and whether the infinite totalities
- it supposedly refers to exists is an open question. There is no physical
- evidence for such objects. It is hard to understand what such physical
- evidence might be.
-
- Follow ups are directed to `sci.logic'.
-
- Paul Budnik
-