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- Newsgroups: sci.environment
- Path: sparky!uunet!sun-barr!ames!agate!boulder!ucsu!cubldr.colorado.edu!parson_r
- From: parson_r@cubldr.colorado.edu (Robert Parson)
- Subject: Re: Steering Clinton onto the right track
- Message-ID: <1992Nov18.213351.1@cubldr.colorado.edu>
- Lines: 74
- Sender: news@ucsu.Colorado.EDU (USENET News System)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: gold.colorado.edu
- Organization: University of Colorado, Boulder
- References: <1ec3rtINNc33@gap.caltech.edu> <1992Nov18.145201.1606@gn.ecn.purdue.edu> <1992Nov18.193748.29759@meteor.wisc.edu> <1992Nov18.203503.12198@gn.ecn.purdue.edu>
- Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 04:33:51 GMT
- Lines: 74
-
- In article <1992Nov18.203503.12198@gn.ecn.purdue.edu>,
- dyrda@gn.ecn.purdue.edu (Richard Dyrda) writes:
-
-
- > Volcanic eruptions put out 1,000's upon 1,000's more ozone depleting
- >chemicals than we humans have ever done. Since volcanoes have erupted
- >for 1 billion years I think our ozone level is just fine.
-
- No. Volcanoes are _not_ a major source of stratospheric chlorine.
-
- Consider the two most famous eruptions in the past decade: El Cichon and
- Pinatubo. We have direct measurements for these. According to one report
- (Mankin and Coffey, _Science_ _226_, 170, 1983) El Cichon put *0.04* Tg HCl
- into the stratosphere. Another study found less. Pinatubo, the biggest eruption
- since 1912, coughed up much less (Mankin, Coffey, and Goldman,
- _Geophys. Res. Lett. _19_, 179, 1992). In fact the effect was so small
- they were unwilling to assign a quantitative figure; they only concluded
- that it was much less than El Cichon (a factor of 4 or more). An eruption
- like El Cichon occurs once a decade or so; an eruption like Pinatubo
- occurs once or twice every century.
-
- Chlorine emissions from CFC's and related manmade compounds came to
- more than *1.2* Tg/yr during the 1980's, of which 0.9 Tg reached the
- stratosphere (Prather et al., J. Geophys. Res. _95_, 18583, 1990).
- These numbers do not include unknown amounts of emissions from the
- Soviet Bloc and China.
-
- Volcanoes are not even the principal _natural_ source - that distinction
- goes to biologically produced CH3Cl. It contributes ~15% of the Cl in the
- strat., CFC's and related compounds contribute ~75%.
-
- Sure, volcanoes have been erupting for billions of years, but HCl _does_
- rain out of the stratosphere. Transport across the tropopause is slow, but
- it's not _that_ slow!
-
- > Sun creates ozone, you wanna destroy the ozone layer you gotta destroy
- >the sun. How are you gonna do it?
-
- The antarctic stratosphere, between 15 and 20 km, does it very nicely.
- Simply provide a catalytic pathway for ozone loss that is very much faster
- than the rate of creation by the sun. During the mid-antarctic spring,
- the ozone layer in this region of the stratosphere (the region where ClO
- is present) is _>90% depleted_. This depletion _starts_ in the spring,
- when the sun comes up - in fact, solar radiation is necessary for the
- ozone hole to form. In 1990, the ozone hole lasted well into December.
- It's the flow of warm air in from higher latitudes, not increased
- solar radiation, that shuts it down.
-
- > Not only this, the ozone level
- >has been known to be in a sort of cycle. Case in point, look at the
- >1964 Air Force study on Ozone Activity, the data they collected matched
- >perfectly with the data taken in 1989.
-
- Sure, ozone levels track the 11-year solar cycle (more or less). 1964 was
- a solar _minimum_. 1989 is well on the way towards the 1991 maximum.
- You are comparing the low point of one cycle to a point past the middle
- of another. All this shows is that the _net_ ozone depletion (of the order
- of 3-5% per decade) is smaller than the total excursion during the cycle
- (~10%), a result that is well known. To get meaningful numbers you have
- to fit the data to the solar cycle, as well as to the annual and bienniel
- cycles, and extract the net trend. Take a look at Stolarski et al.,
- _Science_ _256_, 343 (1992).
-
- Dyrda replied to Michael Tobis:
- > Nope, but there are some things that you need common sense in. This is
- >no particular theory either, it is my opnion! Once again why not look
- >at some of the true facts instead of second hand info from magazines, who
- >usually twist the figures to suit their purposes.
-
- "Second hand opinions from magazines"? Michael cited a monograph and a
- technical review article by two of the leading figures in this field,
- Guy Brasseur and Susan Solomon.
-
- Robert
-