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- Xref: sparky sci.crypt:5029 sci.math:15261 comp.theory:2475
- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!concert!duke!srt
- From: srt@duke.cs.duke.edu (Stephen R. Tate)
- Newsgroups: sci.crypt,sci.math,comp.theory
- Subject: Re: Cryptography and P=NP
- Message-ID: <722206613@pike.cs.duke.edu>
- Date: 19 Nov 92 20:56:54 GMT
- References: <1992Nov18.193900.20199@rchland.ibm.com> <1992Nov19.172719.1540@fid.morgan.com> <1992Nov19.193036.26711@rchland.ibm.com>
- Followup-To: sci.crypt
- Organization: Duke University Computer Science Dept.; Durham, N.C.
- Lines: 41
-
- I tried to send the following by E-mail, but the IBM gateway wouldn't
- accept it....
-
-
- In article <1992Nov19.193036.26711@rchland.ibm.com> you write:
- >Or is it, rather, P runs in polynomial time when it finds an answer? I
- >realise this is very basic, but I have yet to have encountered any significant
- >sub-set of programs that are not trivial that can be counted on to halt.
-
- Huh? I can think of very, very few algorithms (programs) that can not
- be counted on to halt. The only simply stated one has the halting problem:
- given a program, decide whether or not it will ever halt. You will not
- be able to guarantee that a program correctly solving this problem will
- halt. Other examples deal with word problems over certain algebras, but
- not many people deal with that. To re-iterate: programs that cannot
- be counted on to halt are very, very, very rare. Most people will never
- see one.
-
- >Surely, it can't be this easy. I get squeamish whenever I see clocks and
- >numbers on arguments of this kind. Is the cardinality of the set of
- >P algorithms == number of natural numbers? Why doesn't Cantor's diagonal
- >argument crop up somewhere and spoil everything? (I don't necessarily mean
- >the original, but an appropriate analog of it).
-
- Yes, the cardinality of polynomial time algorithms is == the cardinality
- of the natural numbers. And you *can* use Cantor's diagonalization on
- the set of P algorithms! This is exactly how you show that there are
- algorithms (in fact, infinitely many of them) that are not in P. This is the
- "hierarchy theorem". In fact, there many specific problems that you can
- prove have no polynomial time algorithm (so the problem is not in P).
- Unfortunately, these arguments simply do not work for separating P and
- NP. In fact, it has been shown that no diagonalization argument (ala
- Cantor) will be able to separate P and NP --- regardless of how you try
- to enumerate polynomial time algorithms.
-
-
- --
- Steve Tate srt@cs.duke.edu | The reason why mathematics enjoys special esteem,
- Dept. of Computer Science | above all other sciences, is that its laws are
- Duke University | absolutely certain and indisputable, while those of all
- Durham, NC 27706 | other sciences are to some extent debatable. (Einstein)
-