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- From: ethanb@ptolemy.astro.washington.edu (Ethan Bradford)
- Subject: Re: Distance of horizon
- In-Reply-To: palmer@sfu.ca's message of 19 Nov 92 02:14:30 GMT
- To: palmer@sfu.ca, fiddler@concertina.Eng.Sun.COM
- Message-ID: <ETHANB.92Nov19004023@ptolemy.astro.washington.edu>
- Lines: 39
- Sender: news@u.washington.edu (USENET News System)
- Organization: U. of Washington
- References: <lglhj3INNb0c@appserv.Eng.Sun.COM> <1992Nov19.021430.13833@sfu.ca>
- Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 08:40:23 GMT
-
- In article <1992Nov19.021430.13833@sfu.ca> palmer@sfu.ca (Leigh Palmer) writes:
-
- In article <lglhj3INNb0c@appserv.Eng.Sun.COM> fiddler@concertina.Eng.Sun.COM
- (steve hix) writes:
- >Anyone have handy a function for figuring the distance of the
- >horizon from a viewer based on the viewer's height from the
- >surface?
- -1
- Try d = R arccos ( 1 + h/R )
-
- d = horizon distance
- h = height above MSL (assuming horizon is at sea level)
- R = radius of Earth
-
- This is a complicated approximation to a simple function. The exact
- answer is
- d = sqrt(h^2 + 2 R h) \approx sqrt(2 R h)
-
- This can easily be derived by drawing a right triangle with the base
- being a line from the observer to the center of the earth and the two
- sides being (1) the line from the center of the earth to the horizon
- and (2) the line from the observer to the horizon (lines 1 and 2 meet
- at a right angle because line 2 is tangent to the surface of the
- earth).
-
- Since the cosine of the angle between the base and line 1 is R/(R+h)
- and since sin(\theta) \approx \theta for small \theta, the other
- formula will not be off by any significant amount.
-
- Leigh Palmer also writes:
- I tried to find a series expansion for arccos ( 1 + z ) in my
- tables, but there ain't one there. I think I see how to figure one
- out, but I've got to go home now.
-
- You won't be able to figure one out; there isn't one. The derivative
- of arccos(1+z) is infinite at z=0. You will note that the exact form
- doesn't have a Taylor expansion either.
-
- -- Ethan
-