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- Newsgroups: sci.astro
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!ames!news.hawaii.edu!galileo!tholen
- From: tholen@galileo.ifa.hawaii.edu (Dave Tholen)
- Subject: Re: Swift_tuttle's orbit
- Message-ID: <1992Nov16.120501.18976@news.Hawaii.Edu>
- Sender: root@news.Hawaii.Edu (News Service)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: galileo.ifa.hawaii.edu
- Organization: Institute for Astronomy, Hawaii
- Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 12:05:01 GMT
- Lines: 44
-
- Graeme Waddington writes:
-
- > The following should put all of the recent hoo-hah over
- > comet P/Swift-Tuttle's next apparition into perspective.
- >
- >
- > The 2126 apparition of P/Swift-Tuttle
- > =====================================
- >
- > As a result of the uncertainty in deriving the nongravitational
- > parameters (A1 and A2) and their possible time-dependence, much has been
- > made of the possibility that P/Swift-Tuttle represents a threat to the
- > Earth at its next apparition in 2126. The intersection of the comet's
- > orbit and that of the Earth at the former's descending node gives rise
- > to the annual Perseid meteor shower. In 2126 the Earth will intersect
- > the shower maximum on August 14.3, when it will have r = 1.01338 au.
- > For the comet to be at its descending node ( r = 1.01001 au ) at the
- > same time requires that it have a perihelion passage time of July 26.43.
- > Thus, to represent a collison threat to the Earth, the comet's time of
- > perihelion passage has to be delayed by 20 days with respect to the
- > purely gravitational integration
-
- Which implies that your orbit solution gives a perihelion date of July 6.
- Interestingly, both Marsden and Nakano find purely gravitational perihelion
- dates between July 11 and 12. A more recent orbit solution by Yeomans has
- verified their results. Somehow your solution disagrees by six days. Of
- course, in their cases, they actually solve for the orbit, whereas you are
- apparently only integrating the given orbit, which was given with a limited
- number of digits of precision.
-
- The problem, of course, is that some comets show secular accelerations and
- decelerations due to non-gravitational effects (that is, they change).
- Makes sense. Comets are notoriously irregular in their brightness behavior
- (recall the outburst of P/Halley at 14 AU, the famous Kohoutek that turned
- into a dud, and even more recently, Austin), which implies variations in
- gas and dust production. If only it were so easy to reliably predict
- non-gravitational forces, but it's not.
-
- As has been pointed out, the best strategy is to follow this comet until
- non-gravitational forces become negligible. Then the orbit can be integrated
- forward to 2126 with a much more reliable close approach ephemeris. Although
- collision is extremely unlikely, it's still within several standard deviations,
- if the true variability of non-gravitational forces is allowed for. Nobody
- has successfully fit the 1862 October observations yet.
-