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- Newsgroups: rec.audio
- Path: sparky!uunet!peora!tarpit!bilver!bill
- From: bill@bilver.uucp (Bill Vermillion)
- Subject: Re: Help!
- Organization: W. J. Vermillion - Winter Park, FL
- Date: Sun, 22 Nov 1992 17:31:45 GMT
- Message-ID: <1992Nov22.173145.9975@bilver.uucp>
- References: <1992Nov14.202759.15031@sol.ctr.columbia.edu> <7490250@hpfcso.FC.HP.COM> <19485@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu>
- Lines: 153
-
- In article <19485@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu> matthews@eecs.ucdavis.edu (Thomas W. Matthews) writes:
- >Didn't the 8-track evolve from the broadcast audio cart?
-
- No - they are two entriely different mechanisms.
-
- >I thought a guy named Muntz (who was perhaps the first
- >audio/video guy to proclaim himself insane during his
- >commercials) adapted the broadcast audio cart to
- >four-track car stereo (two stereo programs). Then a guy
- >named Bill Lear (of Lear Jet fame) came up with the eight-track.
-
- True.
-
- The 4-track used the Fidelipac cartridges that were used in
- automated music systems, that were then used in the broadcast
- industrty.
-
- It's going to be Vermillion's trivia and nostalgia time again
- so here we go.
-
- Until the late '50s radio/tv stations broadcast their audio
- commercials from reel-reel tape or from discs. Many stations
- still had such things as the RCA 7B lathe for cutting discs
- locally.
-
- Discs were used because they were easy to file and quick to cue
- up. Tape was recyleable and did not wear. But it was a pain
- to keep track of the reels and cue them properly. Woops - I
- meant to cue to the 6th cut on that tape and not the 5th !!!
-
- Gawd - I do remember those days - because I was doing it.
-
- There had to be a solution. And there were 3 solutions. Two
- that were uniquely developed for broadcast and one that took
- existing technology.
-
- One of the two unique products was a complete breakaway from
- any existing technolgy.
-
- It was the Gates Spotmaster. It held 101 commercials that were
- up to 90 seconds in length. Access time to any one commercial
- was as quick as the dj/engineers hand could move, and for the
- next commercial - about 10 seconds - for a total rewind of the
- tape.
-
- This was quite a piece of equipment. It used ONE roll of tape,
- that was 90 seconds long in play time (I do not know what the
- tape speed was) and 101 tracks wide. This reel of tape was 13
- INCHES wide.
-
- There was a slot on the front with 101 sub-slots. You just
- moved the selector lever to the number you wanted and it
- positioned the tape head over that track.
-
- Hit play, and away you went.
-
- Another unique it was the device from RCA that used "magentic"
- 45 rpm records. I never saw one in real life.
-
- It used the existing RCA 78/45/33 broadcast turntables.
-
- The record/playback media was a magnetic hardrubber disk the
- same size as a 45 rpm record. The disc was grooved - and had
- about 1 minutes worth of time at 45 rpm.
-
- The record head was mounted in a standard type transcription
- tone arm and was the width and size of the groove - sort of
- like an oversized stylus.
-
- This used a lot of existing technology - but a propiertary
- interchangeable medium. The Gates unit used a 13" tape, but
- you could not change it - you were limited to 101 spots.
-
- Then came the broadcast cart. I beleive it was Collins who
- brought those out the first. I was more intimately familiar
- with the RCA units that followed - having repaired them often.
-
- These units used the existing Fidelipac cartridges. These were
- continuous loop cartridges in 5, 15 and 30 minute lengths when
- run at 7.5 ips.
-
- There was a thin graphite lubricated tape in a continous loop.
- The tape pulled from the center and wrapped on the outside.
- Since the outside radius of the tape loop was larger than the
- inside where you pulled it from, the rotating platform that the
- tape rode upon tried to wind in tape faster than you played it
- out.
-
- That is why you needed graphite backed tape - so it would
- slide. If you got the loop too tight when loading these you
- would immediately cause the tape to seize. (carpe tapium?)
-
- These tapes were used for background music before they were
- used in broadcast.
-
- A typical device was a Pentron tape recorder. (Remember that
- name?). The tape was placed on the machine - which had it's
- pinch roller exposed and the play button was pushed.
-
- These were 2 hour tapes. They ran at 3.75 ips on the large
- cartridge. But these used tape that had oxide on both sides
- and the tapes were spliced into a mobius loop to double the
- play time.
-
- The Fidelipac cartridges had only the tape, the tape turntable,
- and pressure pads. There was a hole in the bottom of the tape
- that the capstan swung up through.
-
- You pushed the tape in, engaged a lever that swung up the pinch
- roller arm assembly and locked it in place. To take it out,
- you had to press a lever to release it.
-
- This made for a rather complex and heavy mechanism. Remember
- this technology was designed for industrial use - and the
- mechanism was quite rugged. I don't know about the Collins but
- the RCA's used the Viking tape transport (ah - another name out
- of the far distant past!)
-
- This made the units heavy and expensive.
-
- Lear's 8-track put the pinch-roller inside the cartridge. This
- meant you could insert and remove with no other moving parts.
- The capstan and the tape-head track-shifting mechanism were the
- only moving parts. I seem to remember that one/some of the
- cartridge devices used used multiple play head sections and did
- not shift the head. (Hey - this is from memory of about 25
- years ago and I never owned an eight-track or 4-track car
- player - so forgive any mis-rememberances - please).
-
- The 8-track design was much simpler and much more cost
- effective as a consumer based medium.
-
- So that's it for this shot at "Tivia in Review" :-)
-
- Last week's correct answer to what musical instrument is the
- decendant of the sackbut, are Dick Pierce, and Ian McVey,(who
- replied by mail) along with the poster to the net. The
- instrument is the trombone. You all now have your rec.audio
- subscription extended for another 10 years!
-
- Not that this is going to be a regular feature, but how about
- this piece of trivia. Who is the maker of a microphone that
- you stick up your nose, and for additional credit, what is it
- used for?
-
- (Gawd - I hope 'I' rember that one correctly)
-
- Bill
- --
- Bill Vermillion - bill@bilver.oau.org bill.vermillion@oau.org
- - bill@bilver.uucp
- - ..!{peora|tous|tarpit}!bilver!bill
-
-