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- <h2>Levels Adjustment</h2>
- <p>The Levels adjustment can be used to alter the color range (or "exposure") of an image, including gamma adjustments,
- on a channel-by-channel basis. Most adjustments performed using levels consist of changing a pictures input and output
- white point, black point, and grey point. The white point of an image is the brightest color that appears in the image,
- while the black point is the darkest color that will appear in an image. The grey point represents the average color
- of the entire image.</p>
- <p align="center"><img border="0" src="Images/Levels1.png"> </p>
- <p>Each of these color points of an image may be adjusted using Levels. In the dialog above, there are 5 numeric inputs
- and 5 color swatches. The two along the left side in the 'Input' section indicate the input white and black points.
- These colors may be adjusted using the numeric inputs, the slider, or by double-clicking on the color swatches. The
- white point on this side is the color that should be adjusted to become the white point selected on the right side.
- When the adjustment is performed, colors in the image as bright or brighter than this color will adjust to be equal
- to the output white point (in the above screenshot, the output white point has been left at its default value, white).
- Correspondingly, the input black point has been adjusted in the dialog pictured above, so the darkest colors of the
- output image will be adjusted to be simply black. By adjusting the white point to be slightly darker, we are making
- that same dark color be as bright as white in the output, and by adjusting the black point to be slightly brighter,
- we are making those dark colors of the image absolutely black. Also, in the dialog above, the output grey point has
- been adjusted to be slightly brighter. While this does not effect the whites and blacks of the image, it causes the
- overall color of the image to be brightened.</p>
- <p align="center"><img border="1" src="../images/LewistonSunset_small.jpg" width="320" height="240">
- <img border="1" src="../images/LewistonSunset_small_Levels1.jpg" width="320" height="240"></p>
- <p>These adjustments end up stretching the range of an image, visible through the histograms on each side of the levels
- dialog. The histogram on the left indicates the color curve of the image before any adjustment, this histogram represents
- the amount of an image that is equal to a given color. In the case of the one pictured above, the histogram indicates
- that a significant portion of the image is nearly black, with a second bulge around 40% brightness. Also, the small
- spike at the top edge of the input histogram indicates that there is a small portion of the image that is completely
- white.</p>
- <p>With Level's default settings, the output histogram will be equal to the input histogram. Every adjustment that is
- performed on the image, however, will cause the output histogram to be updated to represent the changes that will result
- in the output image. Causing the output histogram to be spread thinner results in an image with higher contrast. Squishing
- the histogram to a single peak, on the other had, will result in an image with very low contrast. Any of the adjustments
- between these extremes are possible with levels. In the screenshot above, a significant portion of the image is 'blacked
- out', resulting in a large spike at the bottom end. The same is true of the top end, where much of the image is 'whited
- out'. Overall, the histogram has been stretched very thin, as evident from the high contrast present in the image.</p>
- <p>Up to this point, all adjustments have been performed on a all channels, red, green and blue. By using the R, G,
- B checkboxes (pictured below), individual channels may be adjusted
- separately (as well as two at a time). In the picture
- below, the gamma has been adjusted for the green and blue channels at the same time, causing the level of cyan in the
- image to drop overall. This accentuates the red of the image, as shown in the picture below.</p>
- <p align="center"><img border="0" src="Images/Levels2.png"></p>
- <p align="center"><img border="1" src="../images/LewistonSunset_small.jpg" width="320" height="240">
- <img border="1" src="../images/LewistonSunset_small_Levels2.jpg" width="320" height="240"></p>
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- <font color="#808080" size="1">Copyright <font face="Times New Roman">⌐ 2006 </font>
- Rick Brewster, Tom
- Jackson, and past contributors. Portions Copyright
- <font face="Times New Roman">⌐ 2006 </font>Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.</font><font size="1"> <br>
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