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AVI2MPG
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README.TXT
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1997-08-29
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Readme for avi2mpg1 ver 1.4
This program is distributed under the GNU copyright, please see the accompanying
file COPYING for details. Please note that only the changes to the original source
code are copyrighted under GNU, except for the the multiplexer portions, which
are also under the GNU copyright. The copyrights for the other two source programs,
the video and audio encoders are detailed in their respective source, as well as the
original distributions.
avi2mpg1 is a simple command line mpeg-1 encoder that runs at the command prompt
under Windows '95 or NT. Copy the file avi2mpg1.exe to any directory in your
path. C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND or C:\WINNT should work for most people.
Invoke the program with the following syntax:
usage: avi2mpg1 [-options] inputfile.avi [outputfile.mpg]
where:
options can be:
-b byterate Where byterate is total system stream
rate in KBytes/s (default 150)
Valid range = 10 to 500.
-s bitrate Where bitrate is total system stream
rate in K bits/s (default 1200)
Valid range = 80 to 4000.
YOU CAN ONLY SPECIFY -b OR -s, NOT BOTH!
-a bitrate Where bitrate is audio bitrate in
K bits/s (default 128)
Valid values for layer I:
32,64,96,128,160,192,224,256,288,320,352,
384,416,448
Valid values for layer II:
32,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,160,192,224,256,
320,384
-l layer Where layer specifies which audio layer
to use, valid values 1 or 2.
(default 2)
-j specifies use joint stereo mode IF
input file contains stereo audio.
Has no effect if audio portion of .avi
is mono. (default non-joint stereo)
-v specifies fixed datarates as defined
for video cd streams. If this option
is used, it overides any -a, -b or -s
rates specified as well as -l, -n, -c and -y
options.
-p filename.par specifies video encoding parameter
file, (OPTIONAL) allows control over additional
parameters. See Param.txt. Note that the
parameter file as well as the matrix files
must be in the current directory unless you
specify full path names.
-e specifies encode file even if some frames in
avi are bad, ie: use previous good video frame
or 0 data for audio if file is corrupt.
At least FIRST frame must be valid!
-n generate video stream only, ignore audio if
there is an audio stream. You must use this
option to encode an avi file that does not
have an audio track. Result is a .m1v file.
(Even if you specify .mpg)
-y vbv_buffer size in 16K bit multiples,
default = 20
-m motion search magnitude, range 0 - 4, default 0,
higher values MAY result in better encoding
(depending on video), but will take
SIGNIFICANTLY longer to encode.
Try it on a short sample first!
-c hs vs set output video size to hs horizontal and
vs vertical. Larger input video is cropped to
fit while smaller video is padded out to size.
-f frame_rate_code force mpeg file frame rate regardless of
input file frame rate. Implies -n (video only).
Frame rates codes -> 1 = 23.976 FPS
2 = 24 FPS
3 = 25 FPS
4 = 29.97 FPS
5 = 30 FPS
inputfile.avi A windows avi file constrained to the following
parameters:
Horizontal size: max 720 pixels
Vertical size: max 480 pixels
Note: if dimensions are not a multiple of 16,
then frame data will be padded out to a multiple
of 16 with resulting black bands around picture.
Frame rate : 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, or 30 FPS
10, 12, and 15 FPS are upsampled.
Colour depth: 8, 16, 24, or 32 bit.
(palletized, thousands,
millions, millions+)
codec used in file must be installed in windows.
Audio sample rate: 11.025, 22.05, and 44.1KHz
Audio sample size: 8 or 16 bit
Audio channels: 1 or 2
Uncompressed PCM audio only.
outputfile.mpg Optional, if not specified, inputfilename with .mpg
extension will be created.
The optional template.par file contains the same values that the
encoder has hard coded as default values for all other video
encoding parameters. Use this file as your starting point for
experimenting with other values, such as motion search vectors.
See param.txt.
*** WARNING: VIDEO EXCEEDS CPB STANDARD!, if you get this warning during video
encoding, your video exceeds the Constrained Parameter Bitstream standard, and
may not be playable on many mpeg-1 players, either software or hardware.
Although many players can play mpeg-1 with higher than CPB bitrates,
few are capable of higher resolutions than SIF (352x288).
Example: avi2mpg1 test
This example will encode an .avi file "test.avi" located in the
current directory to test.mpg, at 150KB/sec total data rate
with audio at 128Kb/sec.
You will need to make sure that the current directory has enough room for the
temporary files the encoder will produce, in other words, approximately twice
the space needed for the resulting .mpg file.
Credits:
This program is basically the combination of the video encoder by the
MPEG Software Simulation Group, available from:
"http://www.creative.net/~tristan/MPEG/mssg/mpeg2vidcodec_v12.tar.gz"
the ISO audio encoder, available from:
"ftp://ftp.iuma.com/audio_utils/converters/source/mpegaudio.tar.Z",
and Christoph Moar's systems stream multiplexer, available from:
"ftp://ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/pub/comp/graphics/mpeg/mplex/mplex-1.1.tar.gz".
into a single program to process windows .avi files. My goal was to create a
simple, one step program consisting of a single executable file with no required
.dll's,bit tables, or configuration files, making it extremely easy to use.
My own use of MPEG-1 consists primarily of compressing 320x240x30FPS files captured
with a 'miro DC20 MJPEG capture board, to 150KB/sec with 128Kb audio .mpg streams for
burning to CD. As such, the default values for the program are obvious. I have
used the encoder extensively to encode avi files of the above nature with no
problems. You may encounter some problems using avi files that differ from the above.
QUALITY:
General Recommendations:
The quality of your original source is extremely important! VHS video
tape is generally not sufficient. If you use live capture from a video
camera, make sure you have LOTS of light. Any noise in the video will
seriously degrade the encoded mpeg quality. This is true for all
mpeg encoders!
PLEASE NOTE: although this encoder accepts avi files with less than 24 FPS,
24 bit video and less than 44.1KHz 16 bit audio, you aren't getting the full
value of MPEG compression in these cases. Particularily if the video was
highly compressed by another windows codec. Internally, the encoder simply
upsamples the avi file to 24 bit video at 24 or higher FPS, and the audio
is upsampled to 44.1Khz 16 bit. If your capturing the video yourself, try
doing it at the maximum rate/resolution your equipment is capable of. The
general rule for maximum quality is keep your source file as uncompressed
as possible throughout all capturing and editing phases. Let the final
compressor (MPEG in this case) do all the compression.
BUGS:
Using the -v parameter has not been extensively tested, it does
generate a valid, playable file, but it has only been tested with
Adaptec's EZ CD Creator 3.0 to generate a Video CD, and while some
software mpeg players can play the resulting Video CD, I have found
at least 1 which does not. This may be because my CD recorder can not
record disk-at-once. You should test Video CD stream generation in
your environment before any extensive use for Video CD generation.
Some combinations of parameters and certain video streams will result
in vbv_buffer overflows or underflows. If this occurs, you will get a
count of the number of times it has occured at the completion of the video
stream encoding. An mpeg file will still be generated, and is still
playable by most players (I haven't found any that can't). You can try
adjusting the vbv_buffer_size using the -y parameter.
Changes:
Ver 1.1 - Added support for 8-bit audio.
- added support for 11.025 and 22.050 Khz sample rates
- modified vbv_delay overflow reporting
Ver 1.2 - improved low-pass filtering for 11025 & 22050 sample rate audio
sources.
- added support for 8 bit palletized video
- corrected chromatic subsampling
- added option to specify system stream data rate in bits per second.
- added option to specify video encoding parameter file and inter and
intra quantization matrix files (examples provided)(optional).
Ver 1.2a- incorrect template.par included with 1.2, the correct one has been
added to this release.
Ver 1.3 - added option (-e) to allow encoding of avi files with corrupt
frames, (from some versions of HyperCam). Missing frames are
replicated from last good frame, audio data is blanked.
- added option to generate video only stream (-n)
- added support for 10, 12, and 15 FPS video by upsampling to
30, 24, 30 FPS respectively.
- made options case insensitive
- handles odd pixel size video, pads out to even number.
- corrected error in RGB->YUV conversion that caused pure white areas
in non-real (ie: computer animations) to appear black in mpg file.
- intermediate file names (.m1v, .mp2) are based on output filename
(if any) instead of input filename.
- opened max size limitation up to 704 x 480
- increased max bit-rate to 4000kbit/sec, or 500Kbyte/sec
- decreased min bit-rate tp 80kbit/sec, or 10KByte/sec
- added -y option to adjust vbv_buffer_size from default of 20
- appended .par extension to user supplied parameter file if none
provided
- added -m option to allow easy selection of higher magnitude motion
search range.
- eliminated estimated time remaining during video encode, it wasn't
very accurate, now reports % complete, and at end of video encode,
average time to encode one frame.
Ver 1.4 - several minor corrections to VideoCD file generation, the -v
option generates a stream which has been tested with Adaptec's
EZ CD Creator 3.0 Video CD Creator.
- added -c cropping option to specify horizontal and vertical size
of output file. Input files larger than specified have excess pixels
trimmed off, while input files smaller than specified are padded out
to specified size with blank pixels. The -v parameter implies
-c 352 240 (or 288), hence even input video which does not
correspond to VideoCD size can still be encoded.
- when blank pixels are added to video to bring to multiple of 16, or
-c option is used, blank pixels are now added evenly to both sides
and top and bottom instead of just the right side and bottom.
- added force frame rate option (-f), can be used to encode video of
arbitary frame rates (say, 6 FPS) to a standard frame rate. Video can
then be played back at normal speed with player which supports user
specified playback rates. Using this option implies -n (video only)
since there is no way to syncronise the resulting video with audio.
- opened max size limitation to 720 x 480.
For the latest revision check out http://www/mnsi.net/~jschlic1.
TODO:
Future releases of the encoder (as time permits) may have some or all
of the following enhancements:
Improve extremely low bitrate video generation.
Generally clean up code, it was rather quickly hacked together, could be
more elegant.
Ability to specify multiple input source avi's for a single output mpg,
neccessary to deal with Windows avi file size limitation of 1GB.
Compiling:
The source code was compiled using MicroSoft Visual C++ 5.0, to
recompile, create a new project of the type "Win32 Console
Appplication". Add all the .c and .h files to the project, and
under the Project Settings menu, under the Link tab, add
vfw32.lib to the object/library modules list.
jschlic1@mnsi.net