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Appendix A
Important keys
A short summary of helpful and important keys.
Enter Executes a command on the command line;
otherwise, a linefeed.
Alt + F1
- F6 Change to another console (in text mode).
Ctrl + Alt + F1
- F6 Under X11 and Dosemu: change to one of
the text consoles.
Alt + F7 Switch from a text console back to X11.
Ctrl + Alt + - Exit X11.
Shift + Page Shows previous screens on console. Works
until consoles are switched.
Shift + Page Opposite of Shift + Page
.
Displays the previous commands on the
command line.
Just the opposite of (in the shell).
Shift + Alt +
X11: Change to the next virtual desktop (in
Cursor the direction of the cursor). The number of
virtual desktops is set in .fvwm[2]rc with
the parameter "DeskTopSize".
Ctrl + Alt +
Changes the screen resolution according to
▒(gray) entries in XF86Config.
Ctrl
+ D Log out. Corresponds to exit. EOF (end of
file). Affected by entry in /etc/profile:
ignoreeof=x. Here, x indicates how
many times command can be repeated until
executed.
Table A.1:
451
A. Important keys
452
Appendix B
Glossary
We have limited our glossary to UNIX and Linux specific terms, since a
complete introduction to electronic data processing is beyond the scope of
this book. The reader of this glossary should already be familiar with terms
such as bits and bytes.
ATAPI
ATAPI is a type of CD-ROM drive that is connected to an (E)IDE con-
troller. Apart from ATAPI drives, there are SCSI CD-ROM drives, han-
dled by a SCSI controller, and proprietary CD-ROM drives that use their
own controller or are connected to a sound card.
Account
Combination of login and password. In general, the user account is cre-
ated by the system administrator. He also assigns one or more groups
to the user, as well as the resulting permissions. Creating a user account
normally includes assigning a home directory and the delivery of
email.
Acronym
Quite often abbreviations are called acronyms. Linux, FTP and GNU
are well-known acronyms.
Alias
This expression is often used in connection with the shell. An alias is a
short-cut to command with long names, or often used ones. Please refer
to the handbook section on the shell.
Background process
If your Shell is apparently only occupied with one process, this is called
its foreground process. Most shells also offer the ability to run processes
in the background.
If you want to run a process in the background, you have to attach an `&'
at the end. A multitasking operating system such as Linux is required
in order to run background processes.
Backup
Backups should be done regularly, especially the important files! Even
some configuration files that have been created with difficulty are worth
being backed up. In Linux, one of the commands used for backups is
tar. It backs up the files to a device or filename. Quite often tar is
used in combination with gzip.
453
B. Glossary
Base Linux
When you install Linux for the first time, the base-Linux has to be brought
up first. It works without the hard disk which is not accessible at this
point. Its kernel is on the boot disk or on CD-ROM. The root image (also
on CD-ROM or on the boot disk) is loaded into a RAM disk. The other
programs (e. g., YaST) are also loaded into RAM disk.
After the first login, you start YaST and prepare for installation of the
"real" Linux.
BIOS Basic Input Output System
Every PC includes a small memory area containing the BIOS. This is
a system of programs for executing basic operations connected to the
hardware such as memory check and recognizing hard drives. In Linux,
the BIOS is not active, since it runs in real mode, and is switched off
by the kernel at boot time. The Linux kernel has much more powerful
capabilities than the BIOS.
Booting
Booting is the sequence of computer operations from power-up until the
system is ready for use. In Linux, this entails loading the kernel, which
can be seen with the message "uncompressing linux..." and
which ends with the `login:' prompt.
Buffer
A buffer is a sort of intermediate memory which enables you to speed
up access to data being moved between different media and devices that
operate at different speeds. On Linux, there are many buffers.
CD-ROM Drive
There are various types of CD-ROM drives available. The most common
nowadays are ATAPI drives, which are connected to a (E)IDE hard disk
controller. Apart from these drives there are also
* SCSI CD-ROM drives, which are operated via a SCSI host adapter,
* CD-ROM drives connected to the parallel port, and
* proprietary CD-ROM drives which are controlled via special controller
cards or via the sound card.
Special drivers onlz need to be chosen for the last-mentioned drives!
Command line
Working with UNIX in a shell is command line oriented. This, in par-
ticular, means that any process you enter in a shell can have its own
command line (e. g., the command ls can take a lot of options to change
its behavior).
Console
In former times, this was synonymous with terminal. In Linux, you have
virtual consoles. This enables you to use one screen for many indepen-
dent running sessions. In the standard runlevel 2, you have six virtual
consoles which can be reached by pressing Alt + F1 to Alt + F6
.
454
B. Glossary
From within a running X Window System,1 you reach the text consoles
by pressing Ctrl + Alt + F1 to Ctrl + Alt + F6
.
CPU Central Processing Unit
The computer processor. Intel x86 processors can be run in many different
modes. Here, we want to distinguish between two of them:
* Real mode: the "original" mode using a segmented memory protocol.
This is slow, antiquated and limited to 16 bit software.
* Protected mode: (available from 386 onwards). Mode with linear
memory model. Only this mode uses the full power of the CPU. Linux
runs only in protected mode.
At the time of writing, Linux exists for the following processor architec-
tures: Intel x86, DEC alpha, Motorola m68k, Sparc, PowerPC, MIPS,
ARM.
Cursor
The cursor is normally a block character which marks the place for input
on a computer screen. On Linux, this term occurs in:
* Shell/editor: a spot marked with a rectangle or flashing line showing
where the next entry will occur. In the shell, the cursor is right of the
Prompt.
* Mouse cursor under X: depending on the background, it changes its
shape. For example, an arrow in an xterm, X-shaped on the root
window or I-shaped in an editor buffer.
* GPM cursor (console): a one character block which can be positioned
on the console by means of the mouse. It can be used for cut and paste.
See (Selection).
Daemon
A daemon Dist and execution monitor is a program which monitors in the
background, and comes into action when required. Such daemons answer
FTP- or HTTP requests, for example, or control activity in the PCMCIA
slots.
Device
In Linux devices are accessed via special entries in the file system, which
are located in /dev/. These entries contain the device numbers with
which the Kernel can reach the device drivers.
Directories
Build a filesystem structure. Files and other directories are listed in a
directory. file `x' lies in directory `y' if its name is listed in this
directory. Because there are branches of subdirectories within other di-
rectories, this is often referred to as a directory tree. If you want to see
another directory, you can change into it. Files can be compared to the
leaves of the directory tree which cannot (quite logically) contain any
more subdirectories (branches). Directories follow the same restrictions
as files. The special directories `.' and `..' refer to the directory itself
and to its parent directory in filesystem hierarchy.
1 which uses either console 7 (runlevel 2) or console 3 (runlevel 3)
455
B. Glossary
Editor
Editors are programs for changing text (e. g., by entering text). Well-
known editors on Linux are GNU Emacs (emacs) and the UNIX editor
vi.
E-mail electronic mail
The means of transporting mail electronically between registered users
via a network. Similar to "normal" mail (often referred to as "snail
mail"), the address has to be entered as "sender@sender's-domain" to
"recipient@recipient's-domain". E-mail not only lets you send text, but
also sound documents or pictures. E-mail has many advantages: it is quite
cheap and mail usually reaches its destination within minutes.
ELF Executable and Linking Format
ELF is also the standard binary format for Linux. With this format it is
easier, for example, to create "shared libraries" than with the old a.out
format. For background information, refer to the Howto /usr/doc/
howto/en/ELF-HOWTO.gz.
Encryption
Encryption of data means hiding file contents from unwanted intrusion.
This is useful whenever files are sent through insecure channels (e. g.via
the Internet) and when you want to prevent unauthorised strangers looking
at data (e. g.when transferring credit card numbers, passwords, confiden-
tial information, etc.). Here, the length of the key is significant for the
security of the encryption (too short a key might be cracked by appropri-
ate programs); see Chapter 18 page 413 pp.
In some countries the encryption of data is subject to legal restrictions, so
that in these countries you may not use programs such as SSH, PGP or
web access by means of SSL at all, or only with short key lengths.
Although SuSE makes available the above-mentioned programs in its dis-
tribution, (insofar as legal provisions in the respective countries allow
this), you must check yourself if you may use them in your own coun-
try ¡ SuSE is not responsible for this.
Environment
A shell normally provides some kind of environment where you can
temporarily set options such as paths of programs, the user name, the
current path, the appearance of the prompt and so forth. This data is
stored in an environment variable. These variables can be assigned, for
example, by the shell's configuration files.
Environment variable
A storage location in the environment of the shell. Every variable
consists of a name (usually written in capital letters) and a value (such as
pathname). If you use the bash shell, a variable is set as follows:
root@earth:/ > export EDITOR=emacs
By invoking env, you can get a list of the variables set. If a variable is
needed (in a shell script, for example), it is dereferenced by attaching a
$ sign to the beginning of its name. Important environment variables are
HOME (path to user's home directory), SHELL (shell path), USER (user
456
B. Glossary
name), PATH (path list to search for executables), MANPATH (path list to
search for manpages).
Ethernet
Widely-used network hardware for LANs with a bus structure. Origi-
nally at 10 Mbits through coaxial cable, networks today however are usu-
ally "twisted pair" at up to 100 Mbits, using a star topology.
EXT2 second extended filesystem
EXT2 is the native filesystem used by Linux. It offers a high throughput,
long file names, permissions, and error tolerance.
FileOn Linux, a file is the central concept for handling data. As with other
systems, files are used to write data onto mass-storage media. The file
name has to be unique within its own directory. By means of a filesys-
tem, these files can be hierarchically structured. See other topics on files
in this glossary.
In addition, Linux possesses some special files. See link, device and
proc.
Filesystem
A filesystem is a system for structuring files. There are many filesystems
available which differ (sometimes quite extremely) in performance and
power. Some filesystems are strictly tied to certain media. You cannot
really generalise and say "Linux uses filesystem 'X"'.
Focus
Under X, a control item, such as the command line of a terminal, has
the focus if the actual input is directed to it. In general the focus is usually
connected to the cursor. The way in which a window manager manages
the focus is called focus policy. You can differentiate between a focus that
follows the mouse or a focus that has to be set by clicking the mouse.
FTP file transfer protocol
FTP is a means under UNIX for transferring files from one machine to
another. On one side is the FTP server (the machine sending the files),
and on the other, the FTP client (the receiver of the files).
GNU
GNU stands for GNU is Not Unix and is a product of the Free Software
Foundation (FSF) whose aim it is to provide a completely free (source
code available at no cost) UNIX compatible operating system. In this
process, all UNIX tools are completely rewritten and new functionality is
added. Linux benefits from these tools but should not be confused with
it.
Graphical User Interface
A GUI is a graphical representation of a normal desktop. Whereas you
lay different papers onto a normal desktop, here these "papers" are called
windows. You can put as many of these windows on your desktop as
you like. Each individual process runs in a separate window. A GUI is
normally controlled via a mouse, trackball or something similar. Some
457
B. Glossary
well-known GUIs are the X Window System, Apple Macintosh System
7, Digital Research GEM, and MS-Windows.
Home directory
The home directory is the starting point for most user activities on the
machine. Generally, this is where your private files are located. Besides
the system administrator, you are the only one who has access to this
directory. The location of the home directory in the filesystem on UNIX
is given by the environment variable HOME.
Inode
The EXT2 filesystem uses inodes for organizing information on files.
Inodes contain information such as the owner of its file, permissions, etc.
Interface
Generally speaking, an interface is a device where different systems ex-
change information in any way. An example of such an interface is a
keyboard where man and machine meet. This is rather abstract. Some
other interfaces are much more concrete:
* Hardware interface: connects peripheral devices such as a parallel
port(printer), SCSI or serial interfaces.
* Software interface: assigns how programs should communicate. See
protocol.
* User interface: here, people and machine exchange data by means of
keyboard, mouse or monitor.
Internet
The Internet is a worldwide, heterogeneous network (i.e., it consists
of lots of different machines). Machines are accessed via their IP ad-
dresses (IP = Internet Protocol) which are unique. These IP addresses
are structured in a hierarchical manner. There are top level and national
domains, domains, subdomains and the addresses of each individual ma-
chine. Together with the numerical IP address (such as 192.168.0.1),
there are aliases (like helios.cosmos.com) which simplify the IP ad-
dress for the user. It is not only the hardware layer that keeps the Internet
up-and-running, but also a system of protocols (e. g., FTP, HTTP, TCP)
operating on specific logical layers. Well-known services of the Internet
are email and the World Wide Web (WWW or W3). A very impor-
tant keyword in connection with Internet communication is "Netiquette",
which encourages people to behave politely and makes sure that every-
thing runs smoothly.
IP Address
A numerical 32 Bit Internet address, usually in decimal notation as 4 num-
bers separated by dots. (e. g. 192.168.10.1), which are uniquely assigned
to a machine connected to the network. If a machine contains several
network connections (gateway), it will also have several IP addresses.
ISP Internet Service Provider
A firm or person providing Internet services.
458
B. Glossary
Kernel
The kernel is the "heart" of the entire system. All the various threads
are brought together in the kernel: memory allocation, managing the pro-
cess tables, the administration of multitasking and multi-user capabilities,
management of access to the file systems, of drivers for access to spe-
cific hardware, etc. These features can in part be realised by means of
"modules"; see Chapter 13 page 317.
LAN local area network
A LAN is a local network which usually means that it is rather small and
generally supervised by one system administrator. LANs are frequently
connected to other LANs via a gateway, combining to form a WAN.
Link
Ein Link is a directory entry to another file, the entry itself does not
contain any data. Distinction should be made between:
* Symbolic links, these contain name pointers. Here it is immaterial if
the target file exists, and if it references a file or a directory, or even a
file on a different file system.
* Hardlinks, these contain I-node pointers. A Hardlink can only refer-
enced within the same file system, and the target cannot be a directory.
In addition, hard links are of equal rank (that is, the data of the file
remains until the last link is deleted).
Main memory
This is often referred to as RAM, or Random Access Memory. RAM
access is very fast in comparison to hard drive access. On Linux, this
memory is often referred to as physical memory.
Manpages
Traditionally the documentation for Unix systems lies in the "manpages",
which can be read with the command man. For more on manpages, please
refer to Section 19.9 page 438.
Mass storage media
A collection of different media for storing data. Typical mass storage
media are floppy disks, hard drives, streamer tapes, CD-ROMs, magneto-
optical disks, holographic media and many more.
MBR master boot record
The first physical sector (cylinder 0, head 0, sector 1) of the first hard
drive in the system (the first hard drive with the BIOS device number
0x80); each hard drive contains an MBR, but not every BIOS can start
the corresponding operating system from every hard drive. When booting
from the hard drive, the BIOS loads the contents of the MBR to a fixed
address in the memory and allows it to take control. This code then loads
either the operating system from a bootable hard drive partition, or from
a complex boot loader, such as LILO.
Memory
The memory is the brain of your machine. On Linux, one often refers to
two different types of memory:
459
B. Glossary
* Physical memory: this is made up of a number of memory (RAM)
chips. The size varies from 8 MB up to 128 MB on a typical PC. High
performance computers may have 1 GB or more.
* Virtual memory: by means of virtual memory, the system can consider
certain ranges of the hard drive as (swap) memory.
Menu
On graphical user interfaces, functions and actions of an application
can be reached via a menu. Menus offer all available commands and op-
tions (just like in a restaurant), so you can choose any of them. Normally
a menu bar has submenus that drop down from it. There may also be
popup menus which can be activated with a button or a mouse click.
MIME
"Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions" ¡ originally intended to expand
electronic mail options (e. g. to add sounds or images). but the technology
can be used for many other things.
Mounting
This describes the "mounting" of file systems into the directory tree of the
system. As a rule, an empty directory serves as the Mountpoint. Refer
also to u.befehl.mount.
Mount point
A mount point is the directory where a partition or another device is
attached to the Linux filesystem.
Multiprocessing
If your machine works with more than one processor, this is called a
multiprocessor or multiprocessing system. In Linux, you may encounter
the term SMP, which stands for symmetric multi-processing, and is a
special form of multiprocessing.
Multitasking
Operating systems that can invoke more than one program simultaneously
are called multitasking systems. There are two forms of multitasking:
* Pre-emptive multitasking: the operating system is responsible for shar-
ing CPU time between processes.
* Cooperative multitasking: the processes themselves give back CPU
time.
As you can see the first variant is the better one, since no process can then
block the entire CPU. Linux offers real pre-emptive multitasking.
Multiuser
Multitasking is necessary if more than one person wants to work on the
same machine. An operating system that offers this capability is called a
multiuser system.
Network
A network is a functional connection between different computers. There
are different types of topologies, depending on how the machines are
connected, such as ring, star, bus and tree. Some well-known hardware
460
B. Glossary
standards for networks are Ethernet, Token Ring and ISDN. TCP, UDP
and IPX (acting on different layers) are some typical networking software
protocols.
NFS network file system
A protocol to access file systems of networked machines. On the server
side the configuration file /etc/exports determines which machines
may access which directory trees on the server. The client may then
"mount" these directories in his own directory tree. (see Mounting.
Operating system
The operating system is a process running permanently in the back-
ground, controlling the basic operation of the computer. The tasks of
an operating system is to manage all the machine-specific resources. In
Linux, this is done by the kernel, and probably by means of modules
as well. Some well-known operating systems are Linux, AmigaOS, Ma-
cOS, OS/2, UNIX, Windows NT and Windows 95/98.
Path
Via its path, a file is unambiguously assigned to a filesystem. In
UNIX, the different layers are separated by a "slash", `/'. There are
two sorts of paths:
* Relative path: the position of a file or directory is relative to the current
path.
* Absolute path: the position of a file is described relative to the root
directory.
Pipe
A pipe stands for connecting the standard output of a program process
with the standard input (standard in/out) of a successor process. This
avoids having to write temporary files for further processing. In shell
mode, the processes to be "piped" are entered one after another separated
by a pipe `|' (ASCII 124).
Process
A process is a program or an executable file "living" variant (see Shell).
Often, it is referred to as a task.
Proc-filesystem
The /proc file system, in contrast to one available on a data medium,
does not contain any static data, but creates this dynamically from infor-
mation from the kernel itself. It is used mainly to supply system programs
(e. g. ps, mount) with up-to-date kernel data, or to enable changes to ker-
nel parameters during runtime.
Prompt
Within a text shell, the place where you can type commands to the
operating system is referred to as the prompt. The prompt might contain
the user name, the computer name, current time and certain other data.
Most of the time, the cursor stands directly after the prompt. If the
prompt reappears after a command, this shows that the system is ready to
accept more input.
461
B. Glossary
Protocol
Protocols organize either on hardware or software the communication
between the different machines in networks. They specify the format
of the data to be transferred, which machines have control over others,
etc. Such protocols include FTP, UDP, TCP and HTTP.
RAM Random Access Memory
Physical Memory of limited capacity, which can be accessed for read
and write purposes at a relatively high speed.
Reset
If the machine hangs and does not respond to keystrokes, it might be
trapped in an endless loop. The only solution to such a problem is to
bring the machine back to a defined state. This is called a reset. After
a reset, the machine is in exactly the same state as when it is started. A
reset should always be preferred to a power-down, as this puts less strain
on the electronic components.
IMPORTANT! As you might have guessed, after a reset all data that
resided in the computer's RAM is irrevocably lost!
ROM Read-only Memory
A CD is a good example of a ROM.
RPM (rpm)
From SuSE Linux 5.0, RPM (rpm) RPM Package Manager is the stan-
dard package manager. With rpm, software packages can be installed and
de-installed, and queries can be made to the database.
Rlogin remote login
Using a remote login, you can log into a remote machine via the Internet
as if you were sitting at its console. If there is an X Server running
on both machines, you can even display the output of an X application on
the local display, provided the DISPLAY variable is set correctly.
Root
See System administrator.
Root directory
The top level directory of a filesystem. In contrast to all other direc-
tories, there is no parent directory for the root directory. `..' for root
points to itself. On UNIX, the root directory is known as `/'.
Runlevel
A runlevel describes a certain operating state of your system. The system
behaves differently on different runlevels. There is a runlevel for system
administration (S), as well as a runlevel for the GUI of the X Display
Manager (xdm: 3).
Selection
Selection is a mechanism of the X Server. You can mark text characters
with the mouse by moving over them and at the same time holding down
the left mouse button, and paste them to another application by moving
the cursor into the appropriate window and pressing the middle mouse
button. This is called "cut and paste".
462
B. Glossary
Server
A server is usually quite a powerful computer that serves other machines
connected via a network and provides services or data. Besides com-
puters, there are also programs called servers. These programs also make
services available. An example of a software server is the X Server.
Shell
The shell is the fundamental interface to the operating system kernel.
You can enter commands using the shell. The shell provides a command
line. In order to make processes run automatically, most shells provide a
scripting language of their own. These programs, called shell scripts, can
be seen as intelligent batch files. Examples of shells are: bash, sh, and
tcsh.
Standard in/out
Every process inherits three channels where it can read and write data.
These are standard input (stdin), standard output (stdout) and standard er-
ror (stderr). These channels are set to certain devices by default. Standard
input is set to your keyboard, standard output and standard error to the
screen. By means of the shell, these channels can be redirected. If the
characters are not read from the keyboard, but from a file instead, this is
known as a redirection of standard input. In shell mode, redirection is
invoked by entering `<' (stdin), `>' (stdout) and `2>' (stderr). See
Pipe.
Swap
The area on mass-storage devices needed by virtual memory models, used
for temporary swapping of RAM memory pages. (see RAM). In Linux,
this can be a special partition or a file. Taken roughly, the physical RAM
memory and the memory made available by swap together make up the
size of the maximum virtual memory available.
Switch
Switches can change the (default) behavior of programs. The so-called
command line consists of the program's name and some (optional)
switches.
System administrator
The person who is responsible for maintaining and supervising a complex
system or network. Generally, the system administrator is the only one
who has access to all parts of the system (root permissions).
Task
See Process.
Telnet
Telnet creates a connection to a (remote) host and gives you a login to this
machine, provided you have an account.
Terminal
A combination of a screen and a keyboard without computing capabilities.
Also used on workstations that emulate a real terminal.
UMSDOS
A special file system in Linux which enables a UNIX-conform access
463
B. Glossary
(including long filenames and permissions) within a normal MS-DOS
file system. This is somewhat slower than a "normal" EXT2 file system,
but is well-suited to demonstration purposes, as it does not need an extra
partition.
UNIX
UNIX is an operating system that is widely distributed on workstations.
UNIX supports vital concepts, such as running different machines on a
network. UNIX consists of a kernel, a shell and applications. Since the
mid-nineties, there has been a freeware version available for PCs: Linux.
URL
"Uniform Resource Locator", the term for the addresses of HTML pages
in the WWW.
WAN wide area network
As opposed to a LAN, this network connects computers that are sep-
arated over a wide area.
Wildcards
The characters `*' and `?' are generic signs and are used as jokers or
wildcards (as in a card game). The `?' stands for exactly one character,
which may be anything. `*' replaces any number of arbitrary charac-
ters, even no characters. Wildcards are often used in regular expressions.
For example, the command ls -l bild* lists all files in the current
directory that start with "bild" and end with any character(s), even only
bild.
Window
Windows are rectangular screen segments which are usually decorated
by a frame. This frame normally contains decorations which can change
the size, move the window and alter other window properties. In order
to work with windows, an X server and a Window manager must be
running.
Window manager
A window manager is responsible (among other things) for decorating
your windows and provides you with certain functionality such as resiz-
ing, moving and closing windows. It is also responsible for the look and
feel of your system.
X server
Machines that run an X server can use graphical user interfaces ser-
vices provided by the X Window System. An important task of the
X server is to manage the displays. Normally, each terminal has ex-
actly one display. The name of this display is set by the environ-
ment variable DISPLAY. The format of this variable is: <machine-
name>:<displaynumber>. For example, earth:0. You need to know
your display's name for rlogin.
X Window System
A collection of programs, protocols and routines for organizing and main-
taining a graphical user interface. The X Window System (short: X)
was developed as project Athena at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
464
B. Glossary
nology). Some of the big advantages of X Windows compared to other
systems (such as MS-Windows or GEM) are its networking capabilities
and its flexibility. It is possible, for example, to run programs on other
machines and redirect their output to your display while freely adapting
the look and feel of your system.
465
B. Glossary
466
Appendix C
The Directory Tree
C.1 Overview
The following figure shows a small portion of the Linux directory tree:
/
bin boot dev etc home lib sbin root opt proc sbin tmp usr var
vmlinuz
hda sda st0 ld.so
yxz linux tux X11R6 bin doc etc lib local sbin
bin Mail test.c f2c
bin lib man faq howto bin lib ftp man
xdm xterm xv bin lib pub
467
C. The Directory Tree
C.2 Important Directories
The directory tree of your Linux system is well organized. Some important
directories are:
/ "root" directory, start of the directory tree
/home the private directories of the users
/dev device files that represent the system hardware
/etc important system configuration files
/usr/bin publicly accessible commands
/bin commands needed to start the system
/usr/sbin commands reserved for the superuser
/sbin commands reserved for the superuser and
needed for system start
/sbin/init.d scripts for system start
/usr/include header files for the C compiler
/usr/include/g++ header files for the C++ compiler
/usr/doc documentation files
/usr/man manual pages
/usr/src source code for the system software
/usr/src/linux the kernel sources
/tmp temporary files
/var/tmp big temporary files
/usr user commands and applications, configura-
tion files-can be mounted read-only
/var configuration files (linked from /usr).
/lib shared libraries (for dynamically linked pro-
grams)
/proc the process file system
/usr/local local extensions, independent of the distribu-
tion
/opt optional software, large systems (e. g., KDE)
Table C.1: Overview of important directories
468
Appendix D
Important Files
The most important file in your system is the kernel itself. It can be found in
the root directory, in the file /vmlinuz.
D.1 Device Files in the /dev Directory
Disks and hard disks:1
/dev/fd0 first floppy drive
/dev/fd1 second floppy drive
/dev/hda first AT bus hard drive
/dev/hda1 - /dev/hda15 partitions of first AT bus hard drive
/dev/sda first SCSI hard drive
/dev/sda1 - /dev/sda15 partitions of first SCSI hard drive
/dev/sdb second SCSI hard drive
/dev/sdc third SCSI hard drive
Table D.1: Overview of device files for mass storage media
D.1.1 CD-ROM Drives
/dev/cdrom Link to the CD-ROM drive in use, e. g., one of the
files below. Assigned by YaST.
/dev/aztcd Aztech CDA268-01 CD-ROM
/dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
/dev/cm206cd Philips CM206
/dev/gscd0 Goldstar R420 CD-ROM
/dev/hda
Table D.2: continued overleaf. . . ...
1 Besides the listed device files, you may create additional ones. Information: manpages for
mknod.
469
D. Important Files
to ATAPI IDE CD-ROM
/dev/hdd
/dev/lmscd Philips CM 205/250/206/260 CD-ROM
/dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM
/dev/sbpcd0
to CD-ROM on SoundBlaster
/dev/sbpcd3
/dev/scd0
to SCSI CD-ROM drives
/dev/scd1
/dev/sonycd Sony CDU 31a CD-ROM
/dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM
/dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM
Table D.2: Overview of device files for CD-ROM drives
D.1.2 Tape Drives
/dev/rmt0 1st SCSI streamer rewinding (rewinds automatically)
/dev/nrmt0 1st SCSI streamer non-rewinding
/dev/ftape Floppy streamer rewinding (rewinds automatically)
/dev/nftape Floppy streamer non-rewinding
Table D.3: Overview of device files for streaming tapes
D.1.3 Mice (bus and PS/2)
/dev/mouse Link to the interface used by the mouse-a pseudo
file for bus mice, a serial interface for others. As-
signed by YaST.
/dev/atibm ATI graphics card bus mouse
/dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse.
/dev/inportbm PS/2 bus mouse
Table D.4: Overview of device files for mice
470
D.1. Device Files in the /dev Directory
D.1.4 Modems
/dev/modem Link to the COM port to which the modem is con-
nected. Assigned by YaST.
Table D.5: Overview of device files for modems
D.1.5 Serial Interfaces
/dev/ttyS0 Serial interfaces 0 to 3
to
/dev/ttyS3
/dev/cua0 Serial interfaces 0 to 3 (for outgoing modem connec-
to tions)
/dev/cua3
Table D.6: Overview of device files for serial interfaces
D.1.6 Parallel Ports
/dev/lp0
to parallel ports (LPT1 to LPT3)
/dev/lp2
Table D.7: Overview of device files for parallel ports
D.1.7 Special Devices
/dev/null "swallows" any data (data bin)
/dev/tty1 Virtual consoles
to
/dev/tty8
/dev/zero Outputs any number of null bytes
Table D.8: Overview of device files for special (virtual) devices
471
D. Important Files
D.2 Configuration Files in /etc
/etc/rc.config The system's central configuration file. Cre-
ated by YaST and read by the boot scripts
and SuSEconfig.
/etc/inittab Configuration file for the init process
/etc/lilo.conf Configuration of LILO
/etc/modules.conf Configuration of kernel modules
/etc/DIR_COLORS Color assignments for ls
/etc/XF86Config Configuration of the X Window System
/etc/fstab Table of file systems that are automatically
mounted at boot time
/etc/profile The shells login script
/etc/passwd User database: user names, home directory,
login shell, user number
/etc/shadow Passwords
/etc/group User groups
/etc/printcap Description of installed printers. Used by
the lpd printer daemon. See page 293.
/etc/hosts Hostname to IP address assignments. Nec-
essary if no nameserver is installed.
/etc/inetd.conf Definition of configured IP services (telnet,
finger, ftp and many more).
/etc/syslogd.conf Configuration file for the syslog daemon-
records certain system messages.
Table D.9: Configuration files in /etc
D.3 Hidden Configuration Files in home
In the home directory of each user there are several configuration files which
for practical reasons are "hidden". They are not modified frequently. A file
becomes hidden if you attach a dot at the beginning of the file name. You can
see these files by typing ls -a. Some examples are given in Table D.10 on
the facing page. These files are copied from /etc/skel when a new user
is created.
.profile the user's private login script (for bash)
.bashrc bash configuration
.exrc vi configuration
.xinitrc X Window System startup script
Table D.10: continued overleaf. . . ...
472
D.3. Hidden Configuration Files in home
.fvwmrc Configuration of fvwm window manager
.ctwmrc Configuration of ctwm window manager
.openwin-menu Configuration of olvwm and olwm window man-
ager
Table D.10: Hidden files in the user's home directory
473
D. Important Files
474
Appendix E
Manual Page of e2fsck
E2FSCK(8) E2FSCK(8)
NAME
e2fsck - check a Linux second extended file system
SYNOPSISe2fsck [ -pacnyrdfvstFSV ] [ -b superblock ] [ -B block-
size ] [ -l|-L bad_blocks_file ] device
DESCRIPTION
e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file
system.
device is the special file corresponding to the device
(e.g /dev/hdXX).
OPTIONS-a This option does the same thing as the -p option.
It is provided for backwards compatibility only; it
is suggested that people use -p option whenever
possible.
-b superblock
Instead of using the normal superblock, use the
alternative superblock specified by superblock.
-B blocksize
Normally, e2fsck will search for the superblock at
various different block sizes in an attempt to find
the appropriate block size. This search can be
fooled in some cases. This option forces e2fsck to
only try locating the superblock at a particular
blocksize. If the superblock is not found, e2fsck
will terminate with a fatal error.
-c This option causes e2fsck to run the badblocks(8)
program to find any blocks which are bad on the
filesystem, and then marks them as bad by adding
them to the bad block inode.
-d Print debugging output (useless unless you are
- continued overleaf. . debugging
. e2fsck ).
-f Force checking even if the file system seems clean. 475
-F Flush the filesystem device's buffer caches before
beginning. Only really useful for doing e2fsck
time trials.
-l filename
Add the blocks listed in the file specified by
filename to the list of bad blocks.
-L filename
Set the bad blocks list to be the list of blocks
specified by filename. (This option is the same as
the -l option, except the bad blocks list is
cleared before the blocks listed in the file are
added to the bad blocks list.)
-n Open the filesystem read-only, and assume an answer
of ``no'' to all questions. Allows e2fsck to be
used non-interactively. (Note: if the -c, -l, or
-L options are specified in addition to the -n
option, then the filesystem will be opened read-
write, to permit the bad-blocks list to be updated.
However, no other changes will be made to the
filesystem.)
-p Automatically repair ("preen") the file system
without any questions.
-r This option does nothing at all; it is provided
only for backwards compatibility.
-s This option will byte-swap the filesystem so
that it is using the normalized, standard byte-
order (which is i386 or little endian). If the
filesystem is already in the standard byte-order,
e2fsck will take no action.
-S This option will byte-swap the filesystem, regard-
less of its current byte-order.
-t Print timing statistics for e2fsck. If this option
is used twice, additional timing statistics are
printed on a pass by pass basis.
-v Verbose mode.
-V Print version information and exit.
-y Assume an answer of ``yes'' to all questions;
allows e2fsck to be used non-interactively.
EXIT CODE
The exit code returned by e2fsck is the sum of the
following conditions:
0 - No errors
1 - File system errors corrected
2 - File system errors corrected, system should
be rebooted if file system was mounted
4 - File system errors left uncorrected
8 - Operational error
16 - Usage or syntax error
128 - Shared library error
REPORTING BUGS
Almost any piece of software will have bugs. If you
manage to find a filesystem which causes e2fsck to crash,
or which e2fsck is unable to repair, please report it to
the author.
Please include as much information as possible in your bug
report. Ideally, include a complete transcript of the
e2fsck run, so I can see exactly what error messages are
displayed. If you have a writeable filesystem where the
transcript can be stored, the script(1) program is a handy
way to save the output of to a file.
It is also useful to send the output of dumpe2fs(8). If a
specific inode or inodes seems to be giving e2fsck
trouble, try running the debugfs(8) command and send the
output of the stat command run on the relevant inode(s).
If the inode is a directory, the debugfs dump command
will allow you to extract the contents of the directory
inode, which can sent to me after being first run through
uuencode(1).
Always include the full version string which e2fsck
displays when it is run, so I know which version you are
running.
AUTHOR This version of e2fsck is written by Theodore Ts'o
<tytso@mit.edu>.
SEE ALSOmke2fs(8), tune2fs(8), dumpe2fs(8), debugfs(8)
E2fsprogs version 1.06 October 1996
E. Manual Page of e2fsck
476
Appendix F
SuSE Linux-FAQ
Here we will try and give answers to the most Frequently Asked Questions.
Although the answers to nearly all questions can be found in the handbook, it
is difficult ¡ especially for those not so familiar with Linux ¡ to find the right
chapter. For this reason the relevant chapter of the handbook is included, as a
reference for most questions.
I have an old SuSE Linux¡ how can I update to 6.4 ?
The direct way is through the update Chapter 15 page 359 pp. of the hand-
book.
What is the most important chapter in the handbook?
For beginners, definitely the Chapter 19 page 427. This is not intended as a
substitute for a proper Linux book. A good selection of Linux books can be
found at: http://linux.oreilly.com
After the installation I always get the error message "login:" ¡ what
am I doing wrong?
You are not doing anything wrong, the installation is complete and you may
log in to the computer with your user name and password; initially, only
`root' exists. See also Section 19.1 page 427 and Section 3.6.7 page 99.
I have logged in, but all I can see is " earth: # " ¡ How do I get into
Linux itself?
You are already "in Linux". You probably want to start the graphical user
interface (GUI). This needs to be configured first (with SaX, for example).
Then you can start the graphical system (X Window System) with the com-
mand startx. Proceed as described in Chapter 8 page 207 pp.
I use my computer on my own, why do I always need to login?
Linux is a multiuser system. In order for Linux to know who is working on it,
you need to specify a user name and password. Incidentally, you should only
work as user `root' if you need to make changes to the system (installing
and configuring software, etc). For normal operation you should create a
standard user. Then you cannot do any damage to the system itself.
477
F. SuSE Linux-FAQ
Do I need to compile my own kernel?
No, in most cases this is definitely not necessary!
The kernel has now become so large that there are some 800 options which
need to be considered in the configuration! Since it is impossible to keep track
of all these different configurations, we strongly recommend inexperienced
users not to re-compile the kernel. If you still want to do this, you do so at
your own risk ¡ and we cannot provide any installation support if you compile
your own kernel!
But don't I need to compile the kernel for sound support?
Not any more, since kernel 2.2.x . Proceed as described in Section 10.3
page 259 pp.
Where can I get more information on SuSE Linux?
In as far as installation or SuSE Linuxspecific matters are concerned, from
the handbook. Documentation on the programs can be found in /usr/doc/
packages, introductions in the "Howto's" in /usr/doc/howto/de for
German, and in /usr/doc/howto/en for the English "Howto's". They
can be read, for example, with
less /usr/doc/howto/en/DOS-to-Linux-HOWTO.txt.gz
In KDE you can also read the files (even though they are compressed) with
the command kedit.
Where can I get special tips or help?
In the Internet you will find our support database at the address
http://sdb.suse.de/sdb/en/html/index.html. Enter a search
phrase or browse through the "History" link of the SDB.
How can I enter commands in KDE?
Click on `K', `Tools', then `Terminal'. Alternatively you can press
Alt + F2 and then enter xterm. Then you will have a "Terminal" (often
mistakenly referred to as the DOS-window), in which you can enter com-
mands.
I can't find many programs in KDE.
You can start all programs from a terminal window (xterm, see above) by
entering the program name and pressing
I cannot log in to my computer with telnet. I always get the answer
"Login incorrect".
You are probably trying to log in as user `root'. For security reasons this
is not possible via telnet.
With YaST, set up a normal user account (refer to Section 3.6.7 page 99); you
can log in with this username. Then you can change to the user root, with su.
478
F. SuSE Linux-FAQ
It is much better and safer, however, to use the program ssh instead of telnet;
the ssh program uses encoded, and thus secure, connections. You can find
this program in the series sec series.
How do I access the Internet with Linux?
Information on this can be found in the handbook in Chapter 6 page 149.
Do I need to worry about viruses in Linux?
No.
In Linux there are no critical viruses to speak of (see Section 90 page 416).
Also, viruses cannot cause any significant damage to the system as long as
they are not invoked as root. The only virus scanners which exist in Linux are
for searching mail for Windows viruses (if Linux is being used as a router).
Where can I see system messages?
As `root', enter the following command in a terminal window:
earth: # tail -f /var/log/messages
Other programs of interest in this respect are: top, procinfo and
xosview.
Messages which are sent at boot time can be seen with the command:
earth: # dmesg
or with:
earth: # cat /var/log/boot.msg
Where is StarOffice?
You will find StarOffice as the package so en, which can be found in the
series pay. Please use our installation program YaST to install it, which will
then tell you which CD you need to insert.
I have found a bug in SuSE Linux. Where can I report this?
First, make sure it really is an error in the program, and not just an operating
or configuration problem. You should also first read the documentation in
/usr/doc/packages and /usr/doc/howto.
It is possible that the error has already been detected, information on this can
be found in our support database at http://sdb.suse.de/sdb/en/
html/index.html. Enter a search pattern, or step through the "History"
link of the SDB, to see if the problem has been registered.
If it appears not to have been documented, send a description by electronic
mail to feedback@suse.de. Please quote your registration code when
doing this.
How can I access my CD?
You must first mount the CD. See Section 19.11.2 page 444 of the handbook.
479
F. SuSE Linux-FAQ
I cannot remove my CD from the drive, what should I do?
You must first unmount (umount) the CD. See Section 19.11.2 page 444 in
the handbook.
How can I see the space available in Linux?
With the command df -h, refer also to Chapter 19 page 427.
Can I "cut-and-paste" in Linux?
Yes.
If you want to use "cut-and-paste" in text mode, the program gpm must
be running. The rule for both the X Window System and in text mode is:
highlight by pressing the left mouse button, and drag and insert with the
middle mouse button. The right mouse button has a special function in many
programs.
How can I install programs?
Programs which are on the SuSE Linux CD's are best installed with YaST.
Please note that many of the larger programs can be found in the series pay.
I have a program "only" in source code. How can I install it?
For many programs you need a certain amount of "know-how", the
best place to find this is from a good Linux book ¡ see http://
linux.oreilly.com. In short: unpack the archive with the command
tar xvzf name.tar.gz, read the file INSTALL or README and fol-
low the instructions ¡ usually this entails a
./configure;make;make install. Refer also to the detailed hints
on packet administration in Section 15.3 page 370.
Please note that no installation support will be given for self-compiled ker-
nels.
I need firewall, masquerading, mailserver and WWW server. Can I get
help for these from Installation Support?
No.
Installation Support is to help you to get Linux up and running. For topics
which go beyond installation support, there are some good books available,
as well as excellent documentation in /usr/doc/packages and /usr/
doc/howto/en/NET3-HOWTO.txt.gz.
Is my hardware supported?
It would be best to take a look at http://cdb.suse.de/cdb_
english.html. Also, the command
less /usr/doc/howto/en/Hardware-HOWTO.gz will provide you
with additional information.
480
F. SuSE Linux-FAQ
How can I de-fragment my hard drive?
Linux has an intelligent file system. This filesystem makes de-fragmenting
superfluous, because hardly any fragments occur in the first place. You
should just make sure that your partitions do not become more than 90%
full (df -h).
I have read something about partitioning, what is this?
By partitioning, the splitting of the hard drive into individual sub-sections is
meant. We recommend using SuSE Linux with at least three partitions (one
for boot files, one for Linux itself, and a swap partition).
You can read more about this in Chapter 19 page 427.
Do I need to delete windows in order to be able to use Linux?
No. But Linux does need free space on the hard-drive.
Run the program defrag in Windows, then run the program fips on the first
SuSE Linux CD, in the directory \dosutils\fips\fips20. With this
program you can re-size Windows partitions, to create more space for Linux.
Backup your files first! See also the in-depth introduction to installing in
Section 2.2 page 24.
How much available space do I need for Linux?
You will get by with about 380 MB, but we recommend approx. 1 GB. If you
want to install everything, you will need over 4 GB.
I need more space for Linux ¡ how can I integrate another hard drive?
In a Linux-system you can integrate hard drives or a free partition at any time,
in order to make more space available. If you need more space in /opt,
for instance, you could "mount" an additional hard drive there. The exact
procedure is as follows:
1. Insert hard drive, and then start Linux.
2. Login as user `root'.
3. Using fdisk, partition the new hard drive, e. g. as /dev/hdb1
4. Format this partition with the command mke2fs /dev/hdb1
5. Enter the following commands:
earth: # cd /opt
earth:/opt # mkdir /opt2
earth:/opt # mount /dev/hdb1 /opt2
earth:/opt # tar cSpf - . | (cd /opt2 ; tar xvSpf -
)
In doing this, you may get an error message, "broken pipe", but this
is normal here. You should still check to see if all the files have been
copied. Then you can "throw away" the old directory and create a new,
empty Mountpoint:
481
F. SuSE Linux-FAQ
earth:/opt # mv /opt /opt.old
earth:/opt # mkdir /opt
Now you should also add an entry in /etc/fstab for the new partition
with an Editor; one possible solution is shown in the File contents F.0.1.
/dev/hda3 / ext2 defaults 1 1
/dev/hda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2
/dev/hdb1 /opt ext2 defaults 1 2
File contents F.0.1: extract from /etc/fstab: additional partitions
Then you must shut the computer down and reboot.
6. When the computer has been rebooted, make sure, with the command
mount, that /dev/hdb1 really was inserted into /opt. If everything
is working as it should, you can now remove the old files in /opt.old:
earth: # cd /
earth:/ # rm -fr opt.old
I have compiled a kernel by mistake. How can I retrieve the original
SuSE-Kernel?
You should proceed as described in the handbook in Section 3.6.2 page 92.
I would like to remove Linux, how do I do this?
Delete the Linux partitions with the command fdisk; you may need to run
fdisk in Linux (the Linux version of fdisk). Then you should boot from the
MS-DOS floppy and enter the command fdisk /mbr in DOS or Windows.
In YaST the menu item `base network configuration' cannot
be selected.
During the installation you specified that you would like to run the computer
as a "DHCP client". In this case the network configuration is performed by
the DHCP server. If you do not want this (this is the standard case), start
YaST, and in the menu `network configuration/DHCP Client'
select `No'. Then you can return to the menu `Base network con-
figuration'.
My computer doesn't seem to react any more. Can I just press the reset
button, without worrying?
If your computer no longer reacts to the mouse or keyboard, this does not
necessarily mean that the entire computer has crashed. It may be the case that
just a single program has blocked the mouse and keyboards, and that all other
programs continue to run normally. If the computer is accessible from outside
(serial terminal, network), you can login, and close the program causing the
trouble with killall program name. If you do not have this option
482
F. SuSE Linux-FAQ
you can try, using Ctrl + Alt + F2
, to switch to a different console, and
to end the process which is stuck from there. If the computer does not react
to any key input, wait until there has been no hard drive activity for at least
10 seconds, and then you can press the reset button.
Why does Linux seem to consume my entire RAM?
Let's take a look at the output of the command free -t:
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 127800 94312 33488 11196 22324 46104
-/+ buffers/cache: 25884 101916
Swap: 136544 832 135712
Total: 264344 95144 169200
It appears as if only 33488 kB memory is available (Mem/free). This is,
however, only the "unused" memory. All the RAM not used by programs
serves as a hard drive cache, in this example, 46104 kB (Mem/cached). The
entry shared refers to memory which is used together by a number of
programs and libraries. (here 11196 kB).
The free memory is the value which is shown in -/+ buffers/cache
and free, here, 101916 kB. There is still approx. 165 MB of virtual memory
available, however.
What is a mirror? Why shouldn't I just download things from ftp.
suse.com?
Since there are many users downloading from the server at the same time,
it would soon become overloaded. For this reason there are a number of
ftp servers containing a "mirror-image"of the SuSE server. Such servers are
therefore referred to as "Mirrors". You should choose the server nearest in
physical location (i.e. in your own country) to facilitate faster download
times. A list of such mirrors is available, for instance, at: http://www.
suse.de/en/support/download/ftp/index.html.
What sort of directories are /var, /etc, /bin, etc.?
Linux has ¡ like every other kind of Unix ¡ a directory tree which in certain
aspects is uniform, whatever the system. These directories may not be deleted
or moved. As a user you should only work in your home directory. There is
more information on system directories in Chapter C page 467.
How can I display, edit, move, copy or delete files?
You can either use the standard Linux "shell tools", as explained in Chapter 19
page 427, or you can use the program mc in a text console, (a clone of a
well-known DOS/Windows tool), and on a desktop (in X Windows mode)
you need to open a terminal (with Alt + F2
, and then enter xterm); then
just type mc.
483
F. SuSE Linux-FAQ
How can I read my DOS files?
Refer to Chapter 19 page 427 in the handbook.
I cannot find any .exe files. Where have all the programs gone?
In Linux, executable files normally have no file extensions. Most programs
are located in /usr/bin and /usr/X11R6/bin.
How can I recognize executable files?
With the command ls -l /usr/bin, for instance, all files in the directory
/usr/bin which can be executed are displayed in red. They can also be
identified by the "x" in the permissions list (at the left of the line):
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 64412 Jul 23 15:23 /usr/bin/ftp
In the KDE file manager (kfm) an executable file can be seen by the cog-
wheel symbol.
484
Appendix G
The GNU General Public License
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave,
Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute
verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended
to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software¡to make sure the
software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most
of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose
authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software
is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can
apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our
General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom
to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish),
that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change
the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you
can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to
deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions
translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the
software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for
a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make
sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show
them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2)
offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that
everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the
485
G. The GNU General Public License
software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to
know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced
by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We
wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually
obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent
this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's
free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND
MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a no-
tice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the
terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any
such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either
the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say,
a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with
modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, trans-
lation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each
licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not cov-
ered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the
Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered
only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent
of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true de-
pends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code
as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License
and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the
Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you
may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it,
thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such
modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that
you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole
or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof,
to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the
terms of this License.
486
G. The GNU General Public License
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in
the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including
an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty
(or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redis-
tribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to
view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is inter-
active but does not normally print such an announcement, your work
based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable
sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be rea-
sonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then
this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you dis-
tribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections
as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution
of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for
other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part
regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your
rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the
right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on
the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the
scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under
Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1
and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange;
or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to
give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically
performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of
the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software
interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to
distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only
for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program
in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with
Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code
487
G. The GNU General Public License
means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and
installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source
code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed
(in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler,
kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs,
unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to
copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the
source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code,
even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with
the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except
as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automati-
cally terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have
received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their
licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed
it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute
the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law
if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distribut-
ing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your
acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for
copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Pro-
gram), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original li-
censor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms
and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recip-
ients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for
enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringe-
ment or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are
imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that
contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from
the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy si-
multaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program
at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free re-
distribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or
indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and
this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply
and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or
other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this
section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free soft-
488
G. The GNU General Public License
ware distribution system, which is implemented by public license prac-
tices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range
of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent ap-
plication of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she
is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee
cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a
consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain coun-
tries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright
holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit ge-
ographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distri-
bution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such
case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address
new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Soft-
ware Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs
whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask
for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software
Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make
exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of
preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of
promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE,
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EX-
TENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTH-
ERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS"
WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY
AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD
THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST
OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
489
G. The GNU General Public License
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR
AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER,
OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDIS-
TRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT
OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUD-
ING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR
THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR
OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible
use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which
everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach
them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion
of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a
pointer to where the full notice is found.
< one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy < name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Soft-
ware Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABIL-
ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675
Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it
starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author Gnomovision
comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is
free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions;
type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appro-
priate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use
490
G. The GNU General Public License
may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even
be mouse-clicks or menu items¡whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
< signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public
License instead of this License.
491
G. The GNU General Public License
492
Appendix H
Support and services
In the course of the past few years we have become aware that, when installing
Linux, certain problems keep on occurring, even though they are becoming
less and less frequent, and despite all the progress in development Linux has
made. Many of the solutions to these problems have made their way into
this book, to spare you, dear reader, a weekend waiting in exasperation for
the telephone hotline on Monday afternoon, before being able to continue
installing your system with its help.
If you encounter a problem, please make sure the solution has not already
been mentioned in this book or in our support data base 1 before contacting
our support team. In addition, you will find many answers in the README
files on the first CD.
H.1 60-Day Installation Support
H.1.1 No Installation Support Unless You Register!
In order to be able to guarantee you the best possible installation support (I-
Support), only enquiries from registered SuSE Linux users will be answered.
On the first page of this handbook you will find a registration card containing
your registration code. This code is unique, and serves to verify that you have
a genuine SuSE Linux in front of you.
If you send in your registration card or register via our WWW server, Registration
http://www.suse.com/Customer/index.html card
you will become a registered SuSE Linux user, entitled to installation support, Online
amongst other things.
Since this code is product based, we request that you register every SuSE
Linux product you purchase, even if it is an update or if you purchased
SuSE Linux directly from us. You will not be automatically registered
when you buy the product!
H.1.2 Extent of Our Installation Support
Our installation support is intended as an assistance in getting your basic
SuSE Linux system up and running. This includes:
1 the details are covered in Section H.6 page 499
493
H. Support and Services of SuSE GmbH
* installing SuSE Linux from CD
* basic configuration of a standalone machine
* basic configuration of the X11 GUI
* basic configuration of a standard analog modem, to dial into the Internet
(only on the client side)
* basic configuration of a standard ISDN card, to dial into the Internet (only
on the client side)
* configuration of local printer services for a standalone machine
* basic setting up of a supported sound card.
Any topics not mentioned here will not be handled by Installation Sup-
port. Such enquiries will not be answered.
The configuration of the system ¡ as far as Installation Support is concerned
¡ has to be done with YaST, or other means recommended by the manual.
Our installation support is intended as a help in getting your basic system
installed, not as a training course or an introduction to Linux. It can only be
used, therefore, for configuration problems, but not for general questions.
However, we are sometimes faced with the situation that SuSE Linux will,
for example, not run at all, or only with limitations, with a specific hardware
configuration. We hope you will understand that we cannot give you a 100%
guarantee of success concerning our installation support.
Besides the basic Linux kernel system, we offer over 1000 (currently, approx.
1300) software packages on our SuSE Linux CD. We try to keep these pack-
ages up to date, but it is not possible for us to know each and every package's
documentation, nor to program additional features. Please understand this
when we refer you to the supplied information (manpages, README files and
online help).
H.2 The Fastest Way to Get Help!
This is intended as a short guide to enable you to get an answer from our
support team as quickly as possible. Only e-mails which comply with this
standard can be processed automatically by our support management system,
and thus, as fast as possible. All other enquiries need to be first sorted by
hand, and then distributed to individual supporters before they can be pro-
cessed.
* Please register your SuSE Linux online in our Web pages at the address:
http://www.suse.de/e/register.html
* Write an electronic mail as shown in File contents H.2.1 on the facing
page, directly to the address support@suse.com . Make sure you
differentiate between upper and lower case when giving customer data.
Only then can your electronic mail be processed automatically. Please
leave fields such as COMPANY: empty if you do not need them.
* Do not use any unnecessary attachments (such as business cards in X-
VCARD format), and if you need to insert configuration files, for ex-
ample, do this directly into the enquiry, in ASCII format. (see file con-
tents H.2.2).
494
H.2. The Fastest Way to Get Help!
FIRST NAME: Honeydew
SURNAME: Dr. Bunsenburner
COMPANY: Muppetshow (Laboratory)
ADDRESS: Sesamstr. 4711
CITY: Timbuktu
COUNTRY: Germany
REGCODE: XXXXXX
EMAIL: bunsen@nowhere.de
Dear SuSE Support Team,
I have a small problem here in my Muppet Laboratory.
After installation of the SuSE Linux 6.4
the error message
appears after booting the kernel:
"Unable to open an initial console"
I have a Pentium 400 with 128 MB RAM and an 8 GB IDE
hard drive. What am I doing wrong?
Yours Sincerely,
Dr. Honeydew Bunsenburner
<bunsen@nowhere.de>
File contents H.2.1: Example of an electronic mail enquiry
... have a problem with Lilo. Here is the relevant part of my
/etc/lilo.conf
---cut---
# Linux bootable partition config begins
image = /boot/vmlinuz
root = /dev/sda2
label = linux-2.0.36
# Linux bootable partition config ends
---cut---
File contents H.2.2: Part of an e-mail enquiry with configuration file
495
H. Support and Services of SuSE GmbH
Duration of Installation Support
The duration of installation support is restricted to 60 days from the day of
purchase, and no longer than 60 days after the following release.
H.2.1 How Can I Reach the SuSE-Support Team?
You can reach our support team via e-mail, fax, letter or telephone; if you
come to us with a support question, please make sure that your chosen means
of communication is working properly.
We frequently experience cases where we can only answer support queries
with great difficulty, because, for example, the fax machine at the customer's
end is not always running (fax software), or the electronic mail address is
invalid or unreachable.
When sending electronic mails, please don't send any attachments; if you
want to include logfiles, for example, insert these directly into the text.
You should especially avoid sending files in proprietary formats of your
mail system ¡ we generally do not have software available to decode such
messages. It is also not necessary for you to send us HTML texts; this
"feature" can easily be turned off in your browser . . .
You can reach our support team in the following ways, at the times specified:
* electronic mail
address: isupport@suse.de
address: isupport@suse.com
processing: every day
* Fax
Fax: (09 11) 74 05 34 77
Fax: (USA) +1-510-628-3381
processing: every day
* Post
address: SuSE GmbH
¡ Support ¡
Schanz¿ackerstr. 10
D-90443 N¿urnberg
processing: every day
496
H.3. SuSE Professional Services
* Telephone (Support Hotline)
phone: (09 11) 7 40 53 30
phone:(UK) +0845-025-0010
phone:(USA) +1-510-628-3380
Opening times of the Support Hotlines:
Mondays and Thursdays
from 13:00 to 18:00 - Europe (CET)
from 12:00 to 17:00 - UK (DST)
from 9:00 to 15:00 - USA (PST)
Have your registration code at hand, and make sure that you are already
registered. Only registered SuSE Linux users have the right to installation
support.
Please note that a normal telephone enquiry should not last longer than
5 minutes.
As a rule, the surge of phone calls is much larger when support opens than
later in the day. If you don't get through straight away to a member of the
support staff at the beginning, just try again a bit later.
We place a great deal of emphasis on Installation Support, but you must
realize that we cannot take on the administration of your company network
for the price of a SuSE Linux-distribution, so we refer you to:
http://www.suse.de/en/support/
H.3 SuSE Professional Services
Even if an operating system comes with all the necessary facilities: it will
only be a viable alternative for use in the corporate environment in combina-
tion with professional and qualified support services. SuSE guarantees this
kind of service for Linux. Our support- and development-team is not just
responsible for installation support, included in the purchase of the package.
Our experts' unique Linux know-how comes into its own when it is required
to support the implementation of complex solutions. Whether it is a matter
of training, installation or configuration of hard and software or individual
service and support contracts - how can we help you?
Our Service Team is at your disposal.
Contact: cost-effective
Support
Do you have further questions about our services?
* Telephone
Number: (09 11) 740 53 56
from Monday to Friday 09h00 to 17h00
* electronic mail
Address: bsupport@suse.de
497
H. Support and Services of SuSE GmbH
* Fax
Number: (09 11) 320 67 27
* Post
Address: SuSE GmbH
¡ Professional Services ¡
Schanz¿ackerstr. 10
D-90443 N¿urnberg
* WWW
URL: http://www.suse.de/en/support/
prof/
H.3.1 Individual Projects and Consulting
You'd like to use SuSE Linux at your place of business. We offer competent
consultation and answers so that you can optimize the performance of Linux
in your field of computing. We have a large amount of experience in the
deployment of Linux-Servers because we've been dealing with Linux since
the early days. This is where the experience of our consultants come into
play; you can use the know-how of our experts to succesfully realize your
projects. Our strength lies in our versatility; Databases, security issues, Inter-
net connection or company-wide networks, Linux is, with the right software,
a powerful platform for your applications. Our offer ranges from the con-
ception, implementation and configuration of server systems to a complete
infrastructure consultation. You'd like, for instance, your Internet presence
realized on a SuSE Linux basis and are therefore looking for web server,
e-mail and secure server solutions? Our consultants help you to conceptual-
ize and implement the right solution. Do you have a complex heterogenous
network in which you'd like to integrate Linux? We offer consultation and
support by the design and rollout of complex server solutions. Do you have
special requirements or needs that aren't fulfilled by standard software? We
could help you with individual development. On-site support from one of our
Regional Service Centers is included, we have Service Centers in Hamburg,
Bonn, Stuttgart, Frankfurt and Munich, as well as our Support and Develop-
ment Center in Nuremberg.
* Rollout and Implementation Services
* Infra-structure Consultation
* Intranet-Server Solutions
* Internet-Server Solutions
* Development of client-specific requirements
* Complete Solutions
* E-Commerce
H.4 Training
Training Our specialists train system administrators and programmers in such a way
that they are able to make use of the wide range of possibilities in Linux
as quickly as possible ¡ and thus be able to work productively. For more
information on a training courses, have a look at http://www.suse.de/
en/support/training/.
498
H.5. Feedback
H.5 Feedback
We always appreciate your tips, hints and problem descriptions. We will
help you if your problem is a straightforward one, or if we already have the
solution at hand. Your feedback may provide us with useful information to
help us avoid this problem in our next release, thus helping other SuSE Linux
customers via our WWW server or the Support DataBase. We always make
every effort to customize our SuSE Linux products to the wishes and ideas of
our customers. We therefore much appreciate any criticism of our CD or of
this book. We think that this the best way to correct significant errors and to
maintain our high standard of quality.
Send feedback any time to feedback@suse.de via electronic mail, or you can
send us a letter or fax.
H.6 Further Services
We would also like to draw your attention to our services that are available
around the clock, free of charge:
* SuSE WWW Server
http://www.suse.com
* SuSE mailing lists (information and discussions via electronic mail):
¡ urlsuse-announce-e@suse.com ¡ announcements concerning SuSE
Linux (English)
¡ suse-announce@suse.com ¡ announcements concerning SuSE
Linux (German)
¡ suse-linux-e@suse.com ¡ all about SuSE Linux (English)
¡ suse-linux@suse.com ¡ all about SuSE Linux (German)
¡ suse-axp@suse.com ¡ SuSE Linux on Alpha processors (En-
glish)
¡ suse-isdn@suse.com ¡ ISDN and SuSE Linux (mainly in Ger-
man)
¡ suse-applix@suse.com ¡ the Applixware office suite (mainly
in German)
¡ suse-adabas@suse.com ¡ about Adabas D (mainly in German)
¡ suse-informix@suse.com ¡ about Informix (mainly in Ger-
man)
¡ suse-oracle@suse.com ¡ information and discussion on Oracle in
SuSE Linux (English)
To subscribe to any of these lists send an electronic mail message to
majordomo@suse.de with subscribe <list name> in the
body. The subject does not count. For example:
subscribe suse-announce-e
499
H. Support and Services of SuSE GmbH
to receive all announcements. To unsubscribe from a list, write another
electronic mail message to majordomo@suse.de, this time with the
body:
unsubscribe suse-announce-e
Please note that unsubscribe has to be sent from the same electronic
mail account from which you subscribed.
* SuSE's FTP site
ftp://ftp.suse.com
For the latest information, updates and bug fixes
Login as `ftp'.
500
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Anwenderhandbuch. 6. LunetIX Softfair, 1996. ¡ (ISBN 3-929764-05-9)
[Hof97] HOFFMANN, Erwin: EMail-Gateway mit qmail. In: iX 12 (1997), S. 108ff
[Hun95] HUNT, Craig: TCP/IP Netzwerk Administration. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995.
¡ (ISBN 3-930673-02-9)
[Kie95] KIENLE, Micheal: TIS: Toolkit f¿ur anwendungsorientierte Firewall-Systeme. In: iX
8 (1995), S. 140ff
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[Kir95] KIRCH, Olaf: LINUX Network Administrator's Guide. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.,
1995. ¡ (ISBN 1-56592-087-2)
[Kof95] KOFLER, M.: Linux. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1995. ¡ (ISBN 3-89319-796-6)
[Kop94] KOPKA, Helmut: LATEX-Einf¿uhrung. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1994. ¡ (ISBN 3-
89319-664-1)
[Kun95] KUNITZ, Ulrich: Sicherheit fast kostenlos: Einrichtung eines kostenlosen Firewall-
Systems. In: iX 9 (1995), S. 176ff
[Lam90] LAMB, Linda: Learning the vi Editor. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1990. ¡ (ISBN
0-937175-67-6)
[Lam94] LAMPORT, Leslie: LATEX User's Guide and Reference Manual. Addison Wesley
GmbH, 1994. ¡ (ISBN 0-201-52983-1)
[Lef96a] LEFFLER, Sam: HylaFAX Home Page, 1996
[Lef96b] LEFFLER, Sam: TIFF Software, 1996
[OT92] O'REILLY, Tim ; TODINO, Grace: Manging UUCP and Usenet. O'Reilly & Asso-
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[Per94] PERLMAN, G.: Unix For Software Developers. Prentice-Hall, 1994. ¡ (ISBN 13-
932997-8)
[Pug94] PUGH, K.: UNIX For The MS-DOS User. Prentice-Hall, 1994. ¡ (ISBN 13-146077-
3)
[SB92] SCHOONOVER, M. ; BOWIE, J.: GNU Emacs. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1992. ¡
(ISBN 0-201-56345-2)
[Sch98] SCHEIDERER, J¿urgen: Sicherheit Kostenlos - Firewall mit Linux. In: iX 12 (1998)
[Sto98] STOLL, Clifford: Kuckucksei; Die Jagd auf die deutschen Hacker, die das Pentagon
knackten. Fischer-TB.-Vlg., 1998. ¡ (ISBN 3596139848)
[The96] THE XFREE86TM-TEAM: XF86Config(4/5) - Configuration File for Xfree86TM,
1996. ¡ Manual-Page zu XFree86TM
[TSP93] TODINO, Grace ; STRANG, John ; PEEK, Jerry: Learning the UNIX operating
system. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1993. ¡ (ISBN 1-56592-060-0)
[Wel94] WELSH, Matt: Linux Installation and Getting Started. 2. S.u.S.E. GmbH, 1994. ¡
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[WK95] WELSH, Matt ; KAUFMAN, Lars: Running Linux. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.,
1995. ¡ (ISBN 1-56592-100-3)
502
Index
Symbols features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 adding
-probeonly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 XFree86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 3 users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
.susefaxrc X Window System . . . . . . . . . 2 adding mouse . . . . see YaST2,
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 39 adding mouse
.susephone YaST administration
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 during installation . . . . . . 29 user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
.tar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 1024 cylinders YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
.tar.gz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 LILO problems . . . . . . . 122 ADSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
.tgz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 1TR6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Advanced Power Management
/etc/conf.modules 315 3COM 3c501 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 see APM
/etc/fstab . . . . . . . . . . . 82 3COM 3c503 . . . . . . . 331, 337 AdvanSys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
/etc/inittab . . . . . . . 391 3COM 3c505 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 afterstep . . . . . . . . . . . 231, 246
/etc/modules.conf 315 3COM 3c507 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 afterstep . . . . . . . 233, 246
/etc/ppp/ppp-down . . 170, 171 3COM 3c509 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 AfterStep . 229, 233, 242, 246
/etc/printcap . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 3COM 3c515 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 aic7xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
/etc/rc.config . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 3COM 3c579 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 AIRCOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
/etc/rc.config . . . . 101 3COM 3c590 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
/etc/rc.config . . . . 396 3COM 3c900 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 alien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
/etc/securetty . . . . 359 3Com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Alien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
/etc/security/undo harden suse.pl 3dpixm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 allman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
416 3dpixms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
/sbin/SuSEconfig . x, 395, 396 AM53/79C974 . . . . . . . . . . 326
/sbin/init . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 A AMD 53/79C974 . . . . . . . . 326
/sbin/init.d/rc . . . . . . . . . . . 393 a2ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 AMD Athlon / Intel Pentium
/sbin/init.d/rpc . . . . . . . . . . 146 aaa base . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
/usr/sbin/harden suse . . . . 416 Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 AmigaOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
/var/lib/apsfilter/SETUP . 298 acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . 7 Andrew Tridgell . . . . . . . . 197
Applixware . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Acronym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Applixware . . . . . 59, 60, 359 Adabas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 apache . . . . . . 365, 383, 413
reboot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Adabas D . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 497 Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Adaptec APM . . . see PCMCIA, APM,
LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 AHA-152x/151x/1505 325, 285
/opt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 336 select kernel . . . . . . . . . . . 34
/etc/host.conf . . . . 399 AHA-154x . . . . . . . . . . . 325 apmd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282, 286
/etc/hosts . . . . . . . . . . 398 AHA-274x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 apmd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286, 287
/etc/resolv.conf . . 399 AHA-284x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Apple Macintosh System 7 . . .
RPM (rpm) . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 AHA-294x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 454
kdm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Adaptec 2920 . . . . . . 327, 336 applications
xdm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Adaptive Answer Support configuration files . . . . . 250
SuSE Linux HylaFAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Applix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
503
Index
aps . . . . . . 292, 297, 298, 309 sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 CD damaged . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
apsfilter . . . . . viii, 90, 91, 292, boot disk . . . . . . . 25, 104, 107 CD live system . . . . . . . . . . . 96
296¡303, 309, 310 create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 CD-ROM
checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 create using setup . . . . . . 50 ATAPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
configuration . . . . . 298, 301 creating with dd . . . . . . . . 51 Aztech . . . . . . . . . . 333, 342
network printer . . . . . . . 302 creating with rawrite . . . . 51 EIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
printer queues . . . . . . . . . 297 creating with setup . . . . . 51 Goldstar . . . . . . . . . 333, 342
apsfilterrc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 boot sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Mitsumi . . . . . . . . . 333, 342
Arcad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 boot.local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Mitsumi FX-001(D) . . 333,
archiving data . . . . . . . . . . . 432 boot.sys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 342
arena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 403 booting . . . . . . . 391, 424, 471 Mitsumi Multisession . 333,
Argus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 base-Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 342
Arkeia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 bootmanager . . . . . . . . . . 105 Mozart . . . . . . . . . . 333, 343
AT1700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Optics Storage . . . 334, 343
ATAPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 from CD2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Panasonic . . . . . . . . 334, 344
ATAPI CD-ROM hangs . . . 53 from disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Philips CM206 . . . 334, 343
atd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 initial ramdisk . . . . . . . . 373 Sanyo . . . . . . . . . . . 334, 343
authentication . . . . . . . . . . . 362 methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Sony CDU31A . . . 334, 343
autoexec.bat . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 root partition . . . . . . . . . . 324 Sony CDU33A . . . 334, 343
autofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 starting via loadlin . . . . 125 Sony CDU535 . . . . 334, 344
autofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Booting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 SoundBlaster Pro 16 . . . 344
automounter . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 bootmanager CD-ROM drive
AVM Fritz boot.sys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 hangs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
XPCDr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
AVM-B1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 OS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 parallel port . see hardware,
awk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Windows NT . . . . . . . . . 105 parallel port
Aztech CD-ROM . . . . . . . . 342 bootmenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 CD-ROM Drive . . . . . . . . . 450
bowman . . . . . . . . . . . 231, 246 CD-ROM drives
B Bowman . . . . . . 229, 242, 246 support by Linux . . . . . . . 52
background picture . . . . . . 242 BSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 CD-ROM drives hangs . . . . 54
Background process . . . . . 449 bttv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 CD-ROM-Laufwerk
backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 am Parallelport . . . . . . . . . 52
Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 CD-ROM drive hangs . . . . . 53
Base Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 bus mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 CD-ROM driver is missing 53
baseLinux BusLogic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 cdb . . . . . . . . . . 211, 309, 359
boot methods . . . . . . . . . . 45 Busmouse cde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
bash . 429, 441, 459, 468, 518 Logitech . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 CDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Bash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 buying a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 cdesim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
basic commands . . . . . . . . 427 cdesim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
bin/faxrcvd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 C CDEsim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
bind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138, 422 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 CERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
bind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 cable modems . . . . . . . . . . 161 change hostname . . . . . . . . . 95
binutils . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Cabletron E21xx . . . . . . . . 338 change job parameters
BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Cabletron E21XX . . . . . . . 331 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
bitmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 CardBus . . . . . . see hardware, changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 CardBus chat . . 149, 150, 169, 170, 172
boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 cardctl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
additional systems . . . . . 105 Cardmanager . . 278, 283, 284 chmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
booting DOS . . . . . . . . . 104 cardmgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Chris Mason . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 cardmgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 chroot environment . . . . . . . 82
disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 clock chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 CMOS setup . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Coherent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
504
Index
color depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 creating device section . . . . . . . . . . . 225
colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 devices
colortbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 cron . . . . . . . . . . 389, 405, 415 floppy drive . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 cron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x, 389 IDE hard drive . . . . . . . . 465
command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Cron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 SCSI hard drive . . . . . . . 465
df . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 cron daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 df . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 cron.daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 dhclient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 crontab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 dhclient . . . . . . . . . 96, 365
kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161, 402
ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 ctwm . . . . . . . . . 231, 246, 469 client configuration . . . . . 96
pstree . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Ctwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229, 246 dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 curses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 diald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175, 401
ulimit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 curses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 curses . . . . . . . . . . . . . x, 389 Digital DEPCA . . . . . . . . . 338
Command line . . . . . . . . . . 450 cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Digital Research . . . . . . . . 454
command not found . . . . . 406 Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 directories
commands . . . . see commands cut-and-paste . . . . . . . . . . . 478 important . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Cyberscheduler Software . . 60 Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Compaq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Cygnus Source-Navigator . 60 directory
compiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Cyrix see processor, Cyrix 686 change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
conf.modules . . . . . . . . . . . . see creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
modules.conf D remove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
conf.modules . . . . . . . 315 D-Link DE620 . . . . . . . . . . 342 directory tree . . . . . . . . . . . 463
config.sys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 daemon Dirk Hohndel . . . . . . . . . . . 207
configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 named . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 disk drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
changing . . . . . . . . . . 84, 395 nntpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . 458, 460
e-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 nscd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176, 400
installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 routed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 DNS domain . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 rwhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 doc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
net time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 docbkdsl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 data backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 DocBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 database dochost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
X11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 218 PostgreSQL . . . . . . . . . . 360 dochost . . . . . . . . . 383, 384
configuration file . . . . . . . . 396 DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 documentation . . . . . . . . 5, 382
configuration files . . . . . . . 137 DCF77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 documentation server . . 402
configure XFree . . . . . . . . . 101 de-fragmenting . . . . . . . . . . 478 read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
configuring system security . . DE203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 docview
101 DE204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
connecting a modem . . . . . 162 DE205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 DEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 domain name . . . . . . . . . . . 134
virtual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 defrag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 50 DOS
Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Denial of Service . . . . . . . . 414 assigning Linux partitions . .
consoles depmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 49
virtual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 desktop bootmenu . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
core files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 background . . . . . . . . . . . 242 creating Linux partitions 49
Corel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 DOS commands . . see mtools
cp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 configuration . . . . . . . . . 250 DOS disks
CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 access in Linux . . . . . . . 441
crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 DOS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see
crash course . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Windows 95/98
CRC device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 DOS setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 drive label has changed . . . 56
505
Index
Drivespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 FAT32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Filesystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
DSS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Fax filesystems
du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Hylafax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 assign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Duesentrieb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 fax cover filter
dummy device . . . . . . . . . . 399 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 apsfilter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 fax server apsfilter-configuration . 298
dumpe2fs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 HylaFAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 printer filter . . . . . . 295, 296
dvips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 fax cover find . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387, 431
DyDe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 finger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
dynamic IP addresses . . . . 399 fax send at fips . . . 24, 31, 47¡49, 56, 479
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 fips.exe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
E fax2ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . 173, 478
e-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 176 faxcover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Application Level firewalls .
configuration . . . . . . . . . 176 faxcover . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 420
E-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 FaxCovergen.class . . . . . . 189 packet filter firewall . . . 418
e2fsck . . . . . . . . 385, 387, 388 FaxCovergen.class firewall . . . . . . . . 416, 418
manpage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
2fsck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 faxgetty . . . . . . . 191, 194, 195 firewals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Eagle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 faxmodem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 first-time installation . . . . . . 24
Eberhard Moenkeberg . . . . . 7 faxprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 creating a user . . . . . . . . . 21
Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 faxq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 getting ready . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Editors faxsetup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 installing packages . . . . . 32
vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 fdformat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 installing software . . . . . . 32
editres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 fdisk . . . . 48, 49, 65, 107, 114, network configuration . . 36
EIDE chipsets . . . . . . . . . . 329 115, 119, 120, 385, 387, requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 24
ELF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 388 selecting software . . . . . . 18
emacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 FEATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 setting up the boot manager
emacs . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5, 452 fetchnews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 19
Emacs . . . . . . . . 2, 5, 180, 360 fhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363, 373 starting point . . . . . . . . . . . 24
emergency system . . . . . . . 385 FIFO file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 welcome screen . . . . . . . . 14
emm386.exe . . . . . . 40, 44, 45 file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 with YaST2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
emu10k1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 YaST2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 First-time installation
Enlightenment . . . . . . . . . . 231 file attributes . . . 428, 430, 433 fixing the root password . 36
entry editor file permissions . . . . . . . . . 405 floppy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 file system floppy disk drives . . . . . . . . see
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 FHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 hardware, floppy disk
Environment variable . . . . 452 TeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 drives
Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 File Transfer Protocol . . . . 190 Florian La Roche . . . . . . . . . . 7
EtherTeam 16i/32 . . . . . . . 340 files . . . . . . . . . . . 225, 428, 430 Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Eumex 322 PCi . . . . . . . . . 167 commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Eumex 404 PC . . . . . . . . . . 167 copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 form fax
ex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445, 446 delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
explanation of commands 434 devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 create form fax list
exporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 grepping . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
EXT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 hidden . . . . . . . . . . . 430, 468 formatting
extended partitions . . . . . . . 79 rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 partition . . . . . see partition,
external viewer searching . . . . . . . . . 87, 431 formatting
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 files not movable . . . . . . . . . 52 formatting floppy disk . . . . 51
files section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Fortify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 364
F filesystem free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
FAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 ReiserFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Free Software Foundation
FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . see manuals vfat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 (FSF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
506
Index
Freecom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 fvwm95 . . 231, 240, 246, 249 gv . . . . . . . . . . . . 186, 423, 505
Frequently Asked Questions . . Fvwm95 . 229, 240, 242, 244, gv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
475 246 gv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 186
fsck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 fvwm95man . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 gzip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 63
ftape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 FvwmBanner . . . . . . . . . . . 242 gzip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
ftp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95, 468 FvwmButtons . . . . . . . . . . . 240
FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 FvwmConfig . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 H
anonymous FTP . . . . . . . 365 FvwmIdent . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 halt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 fvwmman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Hans Reiser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 fvwms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Harald Koenig . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
FTP server Fvwms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 hard drive
setting up . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 FvwmSaveDesk . . . . . . . . . 241 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 329
ftpdir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 hard drives
Fujitsu FMV-181/182/183/184 G additional . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
339 gateway . . . . . . . . . . . 135, 142 hardsuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
full text search . . . . . . . . . . 384 gateway address . . . . 135, 136 hardware
fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 gcc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 AGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
function GDI printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 CardBus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
HylaFAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 GEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
function keys getty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 external modems . . . . . . 270
do not work . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Ghostscript . . 90, 91, 297, 303 floppy disk drives . . . . . 269
Future Domain . 327, 328, 336 ghostview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 integrating . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
FvmSave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Ghostview . . . . . . . . . . . 423 internal modems . . . . . . 271
fvwm 216, 231, 239¡242, 246, GhostView . . . . . . . . . 186, 505 IrDA . . . . . . . . . . . . see IrDA
469, 505 GhostView . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 ISA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
fvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 glibc . . . . . . . . . . 361, 362, 385 ISA PnP . . . . . . see ISA PnP
cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 glibndev . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 laptop . . . . . . . see notebook
setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 glimpse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 LS120 drives . . . . . . . . . 269
icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 gnlibsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 modems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 GNOME . . . . . . . . . 1, 60, 231 notebook . . . . see notebook
fvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 compiling . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 parallel port . . . . . . . . . . 267
Fvwm 229, 231, 242, 245, 246 GNU . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 389, 453 PC cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
background picture GNU C/C++ compiler . . . . . 2 PCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 GNU Emacs . . . . . . . . . . 4, 452 Plug-and-Play . . . . . . . . 394
colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 GNU zip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 plugnplay . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 gnuhtml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Goldstar CD-ROM . . 333, 342 scanners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 GPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423, 483 streamers . . . . see hardware,
start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 gpm . . . . . . . 38, 209, 398, 478 tape drives
fvwm1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 GPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
fvwm1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Graphical User Interface . 453 USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . see USB
fvwm2 . . . . vii, 229, 231, 232, grep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387, 431 Winmodem . . . . . . . . . . . 271
239¡242, 246¡249, 505, group ZIP drives . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
516 administration . . . . . . . . 100 Hauppauge WIN/TV . . . . 274
fvwm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 hdparm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
configuration files . . . . . 241 gs . . . . . . 303, see Ghostscript help . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 402, 475
general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
fvwm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 GS RESOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 manual pages . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fvwm2 . . 229, 239, 241, 242, gs x11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 help system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
244¡246, 505 gsview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Hercules graphics card . . . . 91
configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 gtkndev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 hfaxd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 GUI hibernation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Fvwm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 graphical user interface 475 hidden files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
507
Index
HiSax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153, 155 index of all series and configure system
HOME . . . . 234, 237, 251, 302, packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 components . . . . . . . . . . 23
452, 454 inetcfg . . . . . . . . . 160, 169 configure system start . . . 19
Home directory . . . . . . . . . 454 inetd . . 36, 95, 136, 142, 179, configuring partitions . . . 64
horizontal frequency . . . . . 219 191, 400, 417, 418, 421 de-install packages . . . . 366
host.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 inf2htm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 DOS partition . . . . . . . . . . 41
alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 476 first time installation halts . .
multi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 info . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 389, 506 56
nospoof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Info (info) . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 format hard drive . . . . . . . 66
order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389, 506 from a directory . . . . . . . . 76
trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Informix . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 497 from a hard drive partition .
hostname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Infoviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 74
HOSTNAME . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Infra-red Data Association see from CD-ROM . . . . . . . . . 74
hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137, 138 IrDA FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 infra-red support . . . see IrDA install packages . . . . . . . 366
howto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 init . . . . . x, 191, 387, 391¡394 installing packages . . . . . 38
HowTo files . . . . . see manuals scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
howtodeh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 initial installation linuxrc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
howtoenh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 boot methods . . . . . . . . . . 45 logging in . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
HP 10/100 VG-AnyLAN . 340 booting from CD2 . . . . . . 50 logging in after installation .
HP PCLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 copying packages . . . . . . 41 23
HP PCLAN+ . . . . . . . . . . . 340 creating a boot disk with login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
ht://Dig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Unix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 login: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
htdig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 install loadlin . . . . . . . . . . 46 medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
htdig . . . . . . . . . . . . 383, 384 partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
HTTP server setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
setting up . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
http-rman . . . . . . . . . . 383, 402 via hard disk . . . . . . . . . . . 41 package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
httpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Windows 95/98 PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
hylafax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 DOS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 problem description . . . . 52
hylafax . . . . . . . . . 181, 189 initial ramdisk . . . . . . . . . . 373 selecting a kernel . . . . . . . 33
HylaFAX . . vi, 180, 181, 186, initrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 setting up X . . . . . . . . . . . 22
190, 190, 191, 196 SCSI driver . . . . . . . . . . . 315 size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
hyperref . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 inittab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 software selection . . . . . . 32
hypertext help . . . see susehelp inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 starting YaST . . . . . . . . . . 29
INN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 starting via loadlin . . . . 125
I inode update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
i4l . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 153, 395 density . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 96 via FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
i4ldoc . . . . . . . . . . . 153, 160 Inode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 454 via NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
i82557/i82558 . . . . . . . . . . 339 insmod . . . . . . . . 314, 315, 321 with YaST1, text-based . 24
IBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
IBM OS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 installation selecting language . . . . . . 15
IBM Thinkpad . . . . . . . . . . 332 assign filesystems . . . . . . 66 installation medium . . . . . . . 73
Icewm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 assign mount points . . . . 66 Insure++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
ICL EtherTeam . . . . . . . . . 340 base configuration . . . . . . 34 integrating keyboard . . . . . see
ICN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 boot disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 YaST2, integrating
icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 boot methods . . . . . . . . . . 39 keyboard
identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 CD-ROM drive on parallel Intel EtherExpress 16 . . . . 339
ifconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . 387, 399 port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Intel EtherExpressPro . . . . 339
ifport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 CD-ROM drives with their Intel EtherExpressPro 100 339
imlibdev . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 own controller . . . . . . . 55 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
important keys . . . . . . . . . . 447 choose hard drive . . . . . . . 17 Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . 454, 477
importing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 configuration selection . . 32 configuring PPP . . . . . . . 163
508
Index
PPP as a normal user . . 164 KDEDIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Lance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Internet Services Daemon kdehelp . . . . 23, 234, 235, 238 LANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
xinetd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 kdisplay . . . . . . . . . . . 238, 240 language
Internet Super Server . . . . 417 kdm . . . 23, 97, 234¡237, 239, settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
invoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 360, 501 laptop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
io controlled clocks . . . . . . 403 KDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 97, 98 latex-cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
IP address . . 76, 135, 136, 142 kdms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 latex-cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313, 476 latex-cover . . . . . . . . . 189
IP addresses compiling . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 LC * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 configuration . . . . . . . . . 316 LDAP server . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
IP forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . 399 modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 ldp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
ipchains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 321 leafnode . . 179, 180, 363, 364
IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 printer driver . . . . . . . . . . 351 leafnode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
IPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 sig11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Leafnode . . . . . . . . . . . . vi, 179
IRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 sig7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 less . . . . . . . . . 7, 387, 405, 430
irda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 libc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313, 370
IrDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 SMP-Kernel ausw¿ahlen . 34 libc5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 kernel daemon . 315, 394, 398 libcinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
ISA cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 kernel modules License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
ISA PnP configuration file . . . . . . 363 lilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 kernel panic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 components . . . . . . . . . . 106
isapnp . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256¡258 kernel too big . . . . . . . . . . . 317 configuration . . . . . . . . . 108
isapnp . . . . . . 256, 258, 260 kerneld . . . . . . . . . . . . 315, 398 interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
ISAPnP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 kernmod . 92, 153, 263, 316, introduction . . . . . . . . . . 105
ISDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 364 what is it . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
configuration . . . . . . . . . 152 kernmods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 where to install . . . . . . . 107
YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 LILO . i, iv, 19, 20, 22, 33, 34,
ISDN terminal adapter . . . 166 CapsLock . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 40, 59, 80, 92¡95,
isdn4linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 103¡108, 110¡125, 282,
isdn4linux . . . . . . . . . . 152 map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 315, 318, 321, 323, 335,
isdnctrl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 NumLock . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 336, 357¡359, 361, 374,
isdnlog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 repeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 375, 377, 380, 392, 393,
ISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 keyboard section . . . . . . . . 225 411, 455, 468, 501¡503,
ISP16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333, 343 keymap wrong in DOS-mode . 506, 515, 516, 518
53 boot disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
J kfm . . . . . . 234, 237, 238, 482 booting DOS . . . . . . . . . 120
jade dsl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 booting DOS and OS/2 120
Job (Fax-) kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 booting OS/2 . . . . . 119, 120
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 kmid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 booting Windows NT . . 118
job ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 kmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 DOS/boot Win 95/98 . . 117
job parameters Kmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268, 315 installation . . . . . . . . . . . 114
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 knfsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 321
job priority knfsd . . . . . . . . . . . . 363, 401 problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 kpanel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 1024 cylinders . . . . . . . . . 122
john . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 KPanel . . . . . . . . . . . . 237, 238 diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
jurix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 krpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 kernel from 2.0 onwards 123
kvt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 start messages . . . . . . . . . 121
K kwm . . . . . . . . . . 231, 234, 246 sample configurations . 117
kardinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
kbatmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 L lilo.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
KDE . . . . 1, 60, 164, 229, 231, LAN . . . . . . . . . . 133, 208, 455 link
232, 234, 359, 371, 476 Lan Manager . . . . . . . . . . . 439 symbolic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
KDE Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . 231 LAN Manager . . . . . . . . . . 197 Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
509
Index
Linus Torvalds . . . . . . . . 1, 4, 9 ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428, 468 mdel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 LS120 drives . . see hardware, mdir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 457 LS120 drives memory
start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 LSB see Linux Standard Base full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 lsmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 not recognized . . . . . . . . 324
Linux Documentation Project LUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 protect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
383 lx suse . . . 7, 153, 263, 313 reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Linux Standard Base . . . . 373 lynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 403 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Linux Training . . . . . . . . . . 496 memory check . . . . . . . . . . 323
linuxrc . . . ii, 8, 24¡28, 43, 44, M Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
47, 50, 284, 356, 357, m4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 mformat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
374¡379, 381, 382, 386, MacOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 mgetty . . . . . . . . 180, 194, 195
387 MAD16 . . . . . . . . . . . 333, 343 mgetty . . . . . . . . . . . 181, 194
Linuxrc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 134 mail server Microsoft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
live filesystem . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Postfix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Midnight Commander . . . 370
live system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 mailserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 MIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
ln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Main memory . . . . . . . . . . . 455 minicom . . 162, 171, 359, 360
loading a new version . . . . 362 main menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Miro PC/TV . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
loadlin . . ii, 39, 40, 44¡47, 55, make menuconfig . . . . . . . 316 MIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
56, 59, 103, 105, 122, 124, make zImage . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Mitsumi CD-ROM . . 333, 342
125, 127, 130, 257, 323, makemap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Mitsumi FX-001(D) 333, 342
357, 374, 375, 379 makewhat . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 mke2fs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Loadlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 makewhatis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 mkfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Loadlin doesnt start . . . 55, 56 man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 mknod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
loadlin.exe . . . . . . . . 7, 45, 375 man chroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 mksusewmrc . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Man in the Middle attacks 413 mkswap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Local Area Network see LAN man lpr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 mlabel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
locale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 management Mlvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
locate . . . . . . . . . 389, 404, 405 user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 mmd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
log files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 manpage . . see manual pages, modeline . . . . . . . . . . . 225, 228
logging in . . . . . . . . . . 423, 475 434 modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
logical partitions . . . . . . . . . 79 manpages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 89
Logical Volume Manager . 82 index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 too loud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
login . . . . . . . . . . 404, 418, 475 Manpages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 modprobe . 314, 315, 321, 335
login shell . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 MANPATH . . . . . . . . . 365, 453 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 321
PAM . . . . . . . . . . . . 362, 365 manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Login manual pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 manuals handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
login: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Logitech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 HowTo files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Logitech Busmouse . . . . . 333 README files . . . . . . . . . . 6 modules.conf . . . . . . . . . . . 363
logout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 manyfaqs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 modules.conf . . . . . . . 315
logsurfer . . . . . . . . . . . 416, 417 masquerading . . . . . . 173, 478 monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 IP forwarding . . . . . . . . . 399 monitor section . . . . . . . . . 225
lpc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293, 294 Mass storage media . . . . . 455 monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
lpd . . 294, 296, 302, 402, 512 mattrib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
lpd(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 MBR . . . 104, 107, see Master mount . . . 145, 269, 270, 387,
lpq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Boot Record, 455 440, 457
lpr . . . . . . . . . . . . 293, 296, 423 seeMaster Boot Record 103 Mount point . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
lpr(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 mc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 mountd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
lprm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 mc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
lprold . . . . . . 292, 302, 310 mcd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 mountpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
lprsetup . . . . . . . . . 91, 297 mcopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
510
Index
Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 NE2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 EtherTeam 16i/32 . . . . . 340
configuration . . . . . . . . . . 89 net tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 EtherWORKS 3 . . . . . . . 339
doesnt react . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 NetBEUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Fujitsu
HiTablet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 NetBIOS . . . . . . . . . . . 197, 198 FMV-181/182/183/184 . .
Logitech . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 netcfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 339
Logitech (MouseMan) . 218 netgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 HP 10/100 VG-AnyLAN . . .
Microsoft . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 netmask . . . . . . . 135, 136, 142 340
MM series . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 netscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 HP 27245 . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Mouse Systems . . . . . . . 218 Netscape . . . . . . 5, 59¡61, 180 HP 27247B . . . . . . . . . . . 340
PS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 netstat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 HP 27252A . . . . . . . . . . . 340
mouse buttons . . . . . . . . . . 219 NetWare . see Novell Netware, HP 27xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
mouse type . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 197 HP PCLAN . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Mozart . . . . . . . . . . . . 333, 343 network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 HP PCLAN+ . . . . . . . . . 340
Mozart CD-ROM . . . 333, 343 configuration . . . . . . . . . 136 IBM Token Ring . . . . . . 341
mrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 configuration files . . . . . 137 ICL EtherTeam . . . . . . . 340
mread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Intel EtherExpress 16 . . 339
mren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 dummy device . . . . . . . . 399 Intel EtherExpress Pro 100 .
MS-Windows . . . . . . . . . . . 454 Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 339
msdos.sys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 network address . . . . . . . . . 142 Intel EtherExpressPro . 339
mt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273, 274 network base configuration . . . Lance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
mtools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 480 Novell NE1000/2000 . . 340
mtools . . . . . . 269, 441, 442 network card SMC 9194 . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
mtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 AM7990 chipset . . . . . . 340 SMC Ultra . . . . . . . . . . . 341
multi-processor systems . . see configuration . . . . . . . . . . 89 Token Ring . . . . . . . . . . . 341
SMP network cards . . . . . . . . . . . 331 WD80x3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Multiprocessing . . . . . . . . . 456 3COM 3c501 . . . . . . . . . 337 Western Digital . . . . . . . 341
Multisession CD-ROM . . 333, 3COM 3c503 . . . . . . . . . 337 Network File System see NFS
342 3COM 3c505 . . . . . . . . . 337 Network Information Service .
Multitasking . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 3COM 3c507 . . . . . . . . . 337 see NIS
Multiuser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 3COM 3c509 . . . . . . . . . 337 network mask . . . . . . . . . . . 419
mv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 3COM 3c515 . . . . . . . . . 337 network monitor
mwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 3COM 3c579 . . . . . . . . . 337 Argus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Mwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229, 246 3COM 3c590 . . . . . . . . . 337 network printer
mwrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 3COM 3c900 . . . . . . . . . 337 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 96
My . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 AT1700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 pre-filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 364, 404 Cabletron . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
D-Link DE620 . . . . . . . . 342 Neuhaus Triccy Data LCR 167
N DE10x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 news . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Name Service Caching DE20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 leafnode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Daemon DE203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 DE204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 NeXTstep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
Name Service Switch . . . . 139 DE205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 NeXTSTEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
named . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 DE42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145, 457
nameserver 135, 137, 138, 400 DE425 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
configuration . . . . . . . . . . 95 DE434 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 group IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
ncpfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 DE435 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 installation via . . . . . . . . . 74
NCR 5380 . . . . . . . . . 328, 336 DE450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Kernel NFS-Daemon . . 401
NCR 53c400 . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 DE500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
NCR 53C400 . . . . . . . . . . . 336 DEC EtherWORKS . . . 338 user IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
NCR 53c406a . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 NFS client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
NCR 53C810 . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Digital DEPCA . . . . . . . 338 NFS server . . . . . . . . . 145, 146
ncurses . . . . . . . . . 365, 389 E21xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 nfsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
NE1000/2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 340 EtherBlaster . . . . . . . . . . 340 nfsserv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
511
Index
NI6510 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 3dpixms . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
NIS . . . . . . . . see YP, 143, 144 aaa base . . . . . . . . . . . 364 inetcfg . . . . . . . 160, 169
NIS domain . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 allman . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 inf2htm . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
NIS server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 apache . . . . 365, 383, 413 inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
nkit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 apmd . . . . . . . . . . . 286, 287 installation . . . . . . . . 86, 366
nkita . . . . . . . . 150, 310, 364 aps . . . . 292, 297, 298, 309 installing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
nkitb . . . . . . . . 150, 310, 364 autofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 irda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 bind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 isapnp . . . . 256, 258, 260
NNTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 binutils . . . . . . . . . . . 313 isdn4linux . . . . . . . . 152
NNTP server . . . . . . . . . . . 400 books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 jade dsl . . . . . . . . . . . 360
nntpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 bttv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 john . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
nobody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 cdb . . . . . . . . 211, 309, 359 kernmod . . . 92, 153, 263,
notebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 cdesim . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 316, 364
IrDA . . . . . . . . . . . . see IrDA changes . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 kernmods . . . . . . . . . . . 364
power management . . . . see checking dependencies . . 87 knfsd . . . . . . . . . . 363, 401
APM colortbl . . . . . . . . . . . 361 latex-cover . . . . . . 189
Thinkpad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 83 ldp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Notebook cron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x, 389 leafnode . . . . . . . . . . . 179
PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 curses . . . . . . . . . . . x, 389 libc . . . . . . . . . . . 313, 370
notification scheme de-installation . . . . . . . . 366 libcinfo . . . . . . . . . . . 139
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 deleting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Novell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 dhclient . . . . . . . 96, 365 lprold . . . . 292, 302, 310
Novell NE1000/2000 . . . . 340 dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 lx suse . 7, 153, 263, 313
Novell Server emulation . 403 doc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 makewhat . . . . . . . . . . . 365
nscd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 docbkdsl . . . . . . . . . . . 361 manyfaqs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
nsswitch.conf . . . . . . . . . . . 139 dochost . . . . . . . 383, 384 mgetty . . . . . . . . . 181, 194
emu10k1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 mtools . . . . 269, 441, 442
O faxprint . . . . . . . . . . . 189 named . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
olvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231, 469 fhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363, 373 ncpfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Olvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 firewall . . . . . . 416, 418 ncurses . . . . . . . 365, 389
olwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 firewals . . . . . . . . . . . 173 net tool . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Omnibook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 ftpdir . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 netcfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
online manual . . . . . . . . . . . 427 fvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 nfsserv . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
OpenLook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 fvwm1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 nkit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Operating system . . . . . . . . 457 gcc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 nkita . . . . . . 150, 310, 364
opso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259, 363 glibndev . . . . . . . . . . . 362 nkitb . . . . . . 150, 310, 364
opso smp . . . . . . . . . 259, 363 glimpse . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 opso . . . . . . . . . . . 259, 363
opsod smp . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 gnlibsd . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 opso smp . . . . . . . 259, 363
opsod up . . . . . . . . . 259, 363 gnuhtml . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 opsod smp . . . . . . . . . . 259
opsodsmp . . . . . . . . 259, 363 gs x11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 opsod up . . . . . . . 259, 363
Optics Storage CD-ROM 334, gsview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 opsodsmp . . . . . . 259, 363
343 gtkndev . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 pbm2l7k . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Oracle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 gv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 186 pcmcia . . . . . . . . . 284, 285
Oracle 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 hardsuse . . . . . . . . . . . 416 PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
OS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181, 457 howto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 pgp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
assigning Linux partitions . . howtodeh . . . . . . . . . . . 383 phpdoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
49 howtoenh . . . . . . . . . . . 383 plp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
bootmanager . . . . . . . . . . 105 htdig . . . . . . . . . . 383, 384 postfix . . . . . . . 364, 413
OSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 hylafax . . . . . . . 181, 189 postgres . . . . . . 356, 360
hyperref . . . . . . . . . . . 361 ppa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
P i4l . . . . . . . . . 96, 153, 395 ppp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
package i4ldoc . . . . . . . . . 153, 160 ppp nt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
3dpixm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 imlibdev . . . . . . . . . . . 362 recode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
512
Index
reiserfs . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 package format . . . . . . . . . 366 pbm2l7k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
rman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 package information . . . . . . 86 PC cards . . see Hardware, PC
roxen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 package installation . . . . . . . 86 cards
roxenint . . . . . . . . . . . 365 package manager . . . . . . . . 366 pcmcia . . . . . . . . . . . 284, 285
roxenssl . . . . . . . . . . . 365 package selection . . . . . . . . . 32 PCMCIA . . . . . . 277, 358, 398
rpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 packages APM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 cardmgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
sane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 packet filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 configuration . . . . . . . . . 278
sax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 PAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 362 Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
scslog . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 MD5 passwords . . . . . . . 100 help programs . . . . . . . . 285
sdb . . . . . . . . 358, 361, 383 Panasonic CD-ROM 334, 344 IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
sdb de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 paper size installation . . . . . . . . . . . 284
sdb en . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 160 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 ISDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 parallel port modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
secchk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 architecture-specific . . . 351 problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
secumod . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 ATAPI CD-ROM . . . . . . 352 scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 ATAPI floppy disks . . . . 352 SCSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
sendfax . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 ATAPI streamer drive . . 352 software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
sendmail . . . . . . 395, 413 generic ATAPI device . . 352 Token Ring . . . . . . . . . . . 278
shlibs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 IDE devices . . . . . . . . . . 351 PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
snd au . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 IDE hard drive . . . . . . . . 352 pep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
snd mod . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 IDE protocol driver . . . . 351 perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 405
snd wav . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 kernel parameter . . 335, 350 permissions . . . 405, 428, 430,
so en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 parallel port seehardware, 433
sox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 parallel port . . . . . . . . 267 Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
sp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Paride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 pgp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
squid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 parport subsystem . . . . . . . 267 PGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
squid2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 partition Philips CM206 . . . . . 334, 343
ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412, 418 creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
susefax . . . . . . . 181, 189 formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 phpdoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
susehelp . . . . . . . . . . . 160 swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
susehilf . . . . 5, 196, 382 types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
susepak . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Partition Magic . . . . . . . . . . 41 Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
tcl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 partitioning . . . . . . 47, 77, 479 PLIP
te dvilj . . . . . . . . . . . 296 experts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 parallel port . see hardware,
tiff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 novices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 parallel port
tk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 partitions plp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
tripwire . . . . . . 412, 415 additional . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 plp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
wget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 configuring . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 plugnplay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
wuftpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 extended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 pnpdump . . . . . . . . . . 256¡258
wvdial . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
x3dlabs . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 logical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 pointer section . . . . . . . . . . 225
xcyrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 portmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 95
xf86 . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 316 swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 portmapper . . . . 136, 137, 400
xformsd . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 passwd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 ports
xfsetup . . . . . . . 207, 208 password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
xglint . . . . . . . . . 359, 360 path postfix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
xntp . . . . . . . . . . . 403, 404 absolute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 postfix . . . . . . . . . 364, 413
xsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Postfix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
xvga16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 postgres . . . . . . . . 356, 360
ypclient . . . . . . . 95, 144 PATH . . 4, 171, 234, 235, 417, PostgreSQL . . . . . . . . 356, 360
ypserver . . . . . . . . . . . 145 425, 453 PostScript template
package description . . . . . . . 86 Patrick Volkerding . . . . . . . . . 9 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
513
Index
power management . . . . . . 285 remote . . . . . . . . . . . 295, 298 rc.config . . . . . . . . . . . 396
ppa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 rcp.ugidd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
ppp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 transverse . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 rdev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 printing system . . . . see spool README files . . see manuals
ppp default . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 system reboot . . . . 323, 394, 404, 424
ppp-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169¡171 Pro Audio Spectrum 325, 334 receive queue . . . . . . . . . . . 187
ppp.chat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Pro Audio Spectrum 16 . . 334 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
ppp nt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 problems recode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
pppd . . . . . 149, 150, 169, 359 during installation . . . . . . 52 reducing partition size . . . . 48
primary partitions . . . . . . . . 79 Proc-filesystem . . . . . . . . . 457 reiserfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
print manager(lpd) . . . . . . 294 process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 remove
printcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
printcap(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 processor rescue disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
printer Cyrix 686 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 rescue system
checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 procmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 launch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
configuration . . . . . . . . . . 90 Professional Services . . . . 495 use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
connecting to a Windows program reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
printserver . . . . . . . . . . . 96 invoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 sourcecode . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 resolv.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
GDI printer . . . . . . . . . . . 309 programming Restart Function . . . . . . . . 242
kernel parameter . . . . . . 335 core files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 RFC1861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Lexmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 programs RFC959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
network printer see network compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 rlogin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400, 406
printer Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Rlogin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
parallel port . see hardware, protect I/O address . . . . . . 324 rm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
parallel port protected mode . . . . . . . . . . . 56 rmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
stop printing . . . . . . . . . . 294 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 rman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Windows only . . . . . . . . 309 Proxy rmmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
PRINTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
printer accounting . . . . . . . 302 Gopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
printer driver . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 HTTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
printer drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438, 457 Einloggen, remote . . . . . 406
seeprinter filter295 ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Root directory . . . . . . . . . . 458
printer filter . . . . . . . . 295, 296 pstree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 root partition . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
apsfilter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
apsfilter-configuration . 298 Q route.conf . . . . . . . . . . 142
for network printer . . . . 302 qmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 routed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
printer operation . . . . . . . . 291 queueing agent router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
printer queue HylaFAX . . . . . . . . 191, 192 IP forwarding . . . . . . . . . 399
terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Qvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 routing
printer queues route.conf . . . . . . . . 142
in the apsfilter . . . . . . . . 297 R roxen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Roxen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
printers RAM . . . . . . see memory, 458 roxenint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 RAMDAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 roxenssl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Ramdisk RPC mount daemon . . . . . 146
printing Initial Ramdisk . . . . . . . 398 RPC NFS daemon . . . . . . . 146
lpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 rawip . . . . . . . . . 149, 157, 159 RPC portmapper . . . . 144, 146
accounting . . . . . . . . . . . 302 rawip-HDLC . . . . . . . . . . . 157 rpc.mountd . . . . 146, 400, 401
kernel 2.2.x . . . . . . . . . . . 361 rawrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 rpc.nfsd . . . . 95, 146, 400, 401
Novell NetWare . . . . . . . . 96 rawrite.exe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 rpc.portmap . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Novell NetWare print servers rc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 rpm . . . . . . 362, 365, 366, 369
96 /etc/rc.config . . . . 395 rpm . . . . . . 366, 458, 501, 513
514
Index
rpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 TMC-885/950 . . . . . . . . 328 n . . . . 95, 96, 144, 145, 150,
RPM . . . . . 366, 458, 501, 513 Trantor T128/128F/228 328 153, 178, 179, 189, 194,
database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Trantor T130B . . . . . . . . 337 310, 363, 383, 384, 401,
RPM (rpm) . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 scslog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 412, 413, 415
rpmorig . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Scwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 pay . . . . . . . . 259, 477, 478
rpmsave . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 sdb . . . . . . . . . . 358, 361, 383 searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
runlevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 SDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 sec . . . 173, 411, 412, 416,
changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 sdb de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 418, 421, 476
Runlevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 sdb en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 160 sgm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
rwhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Seagate ST01/02 . . . . . . . . 328 snd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
rxvt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 searchlist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 tex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
secchk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 x . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 359, 360
S secumod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 xsrv . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 360
samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 secure shell daemon . . . . . 403 xwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239, 246
samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 security zq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369, 370
Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197, 403 firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 series selection . . . . . . . . . . . 84
permissions . . . . . . . . . . . 198 printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
sane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 server flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
SANE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 sed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 server.exe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Sanyo CD-ROM . . . . 334, 343 selecting keyboard layout . 73 services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
sax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 selecting software set up time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
sax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 for first-time installation 18 setserial . . . . . . . . . . . . 267, 272
SaX vi, 23, 101, 207¡217, 475 setting filesystem . . . . . . . . . 79
scanner selecting the language . . . . 72 setting up X . . see installation,
configuration . . . . . . . . . . 89 selecting time zone . . . . . . see setting up X
scanners . . . . . . . see hardware, YaST2, selecting time setup . . ii, 44¡46, 50, 51, 124,
scanners zone 125
scheme see PCMCIA, scheme Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 47, 51
SCO UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 send queue SETUP 91, 297¡299, 302, 303
screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 setup.exe . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 44, 55
screen resolution . . . . . . . . 227 send queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Setup.exe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
screen section . . . . . . . . . . . 225 sendfax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 seyon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162, 360
SCSI sendfax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 sgcheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Adaptec sendmail . . 96, 142, 176¡178, sh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
AHA-152x/151x/1505 . . . 359, 363, 400, 422 share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
336 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 96 shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
AdvanSys . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 sendmail . . . . . . . . 395, 413 Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
AHA-152x/151x/1505 . 325 sendmail -q . . . . . . . . 177, 400 SHELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
AHA-154x . . . . . . . . . . . 325 series shlibs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
AHA-274x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 a . 80, 85, 92, 150, 153, 310 shutdown . . . . . . 387, 404, 424
AHA-284x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 a1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 278 Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
AHA-294x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 ap 256, 286, 298, 309, 383, Simple Network Paging
AM53/79C974 . . . . . . . . 326 441 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Future Domain . . . 327, 328, books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 SINUS Firewall I . . . . . . . . 420
336 d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 size of installation . . . . . . . . 83
LUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 smail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
NCR 5380 . . . . . . . 328, 336 doc . . . 5, 7, 139, 153, 160, smarthost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
NCR 53c400 . . . . . . . . . . 328 196, 309, 358, 359, 361, SMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
NCR 53C400 . . . . . . . . . 336 373, 382, 383 SMC 9194 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
NCR 53c406a . . . . . . . . . 328 doc1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 7 SMC Ultra . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Seagate ST01/02 . . . . . . 328 gra . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272, 275 SMP
streamer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 gra1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 select kernel . . . . . . . . . . . 34
TMC-16x0 . . . . . . . 327, 336 index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 SMTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176, 400
515
Index
snd au . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Turtle Beach hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
snd mod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Classic/Monterey/Tahiti . . installation . . . . . . . . . . . 491
snd wav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 346 phone numbers . . . . . . . . 494
SNiFF+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 sound card services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
SNPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Pro Audio Spectrum . . . 334 the fastest way to get help . .
so en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Soundblaster 16 . . . . . . . . . 264 492
Software AG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 source code . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
software selection . . . . . . . . 32 compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Support
Sony CDU31A . . . . . 334, 343 sourcecode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Commercial . . . . . . . . . . 495
Sony CDU33A . . . . . 334, 343 sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Professional Services . . 495
Sony CDU535 CD-ROM 334, compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
344 sox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 suse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 sp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 launch rescue system . . 386
AD1816 Chip . . . . . . . . . 344 spindown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 SuSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Aztech Sound Galaxy . . 349 spool system . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 SuSE
Ensoniq SoundScape . . 349 apsfilter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Gravis Ultrasound . . . . . 345 control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 SuSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro . . daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 SuSeconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
349 filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295, 296 SuSEconfig 36, 101, 137, 144,
MPU401 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 network printer . . . . . . . 302 178, 237, 249, 280, 360,
OPL3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 387, 396, 398, 399, 401,
OPL3-SA1 . . . . . . . . . . . 347 queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 403, 406, 468, 514
spooling SuSEconfig . . . . . . . . 395, 396
OPL3-SAx . . . . . . . . . . . 348 terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 susefax . . . . . . . . . 181, 189
Personal Sound System spooling mechanism SuSEFax . . . vi, 180, 181, 181,
(ECHO ESC614) . . . . 348 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . 184, 189 185, 186, 189, 190
Pro Audio Spectrum . . . 348 spooling system SuSEFAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
S3 Sonic Vibes . . . . . . . . 349 apsfilter printer queues . 297 susefax.images
Sound Blaster and clones . . apsfilter-configuration . 298 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
349 squid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 susefax.phonebook.file
Sound Blaster DSP chipsets squid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
350 squid2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 susefax.setup.file
Turtle Beach Maui and ssh . . . . . . . 101, 412, 422, 476 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Tropez . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412, 418 susefax.setup.path
Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez, SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Tropez Plus . . . . . . . . . 350 SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413, 452 susehelp . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Turtle Beach MultiSound . . Standard in/out . . . . . . . . . . 459 susehilf . . . . . . 5, 196, 382
346 standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 SuSE Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Turtle Beach Pinnacle/Fiji . . Stardivision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 help system . . . . . . . . . . . 382
347 Staroffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 installation . . . . . . . . . . . 378
UART401 . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 StarOffice . . . . . . . . . . 363, 477 rescue system . . . . . . . . . 385
UART6850 . . . . . . . . . . . 350 start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 susepak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
YMF71x . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 startup scripts . . . . . . . . . . . 142 susewm vii, 97, 229, 234, 241,
Sound startx . . . . . . 98, 216, 241, 359 242, 246¡249, 514
AD1848/CS4248 Chip Stefan Endrass . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
(MSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 streamer setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Creative Ensoniq 1371 SCSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
chipset . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 streamers . . . . . . see hardware, susewm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Crystal 423x chipsets . . 345 streamers SuSEwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Ensoniq 1370 chipset . . 345 SUID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 suspend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Generischer OPLx driver . . . SunOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
345 support swap partition . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
MAD16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 e-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 swap partition . . . . . . . . 61, 78
516
Index
creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 terminal programs . . . . . . . 162 UNIX . . . . 181, 189, 423, 449,
swat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 terminal window . . . . . . . . 477 454, 457, 460
Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 testing a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Unix98 PTY . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Sybase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 60 teTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361, 373 update . . . . . . 3, 355, 362, 475
symbolic link . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Texinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Syn Flood Protection . . . . 399 Texinfo files . . . . . . see texinfo installing packages . . . . . 87
syncPPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 texpire . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179, 180 updating SuSE Linux . . . . 362
syslinux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 text console . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
Syslinux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 text files USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
SYSLINUX . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 USENET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
syslog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 The XFree86 Project . . . . 207 user
system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Thinkpad management . . . . . . . . . . . 99
update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 initial installation . . . . . . . 55 USER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
System administrator . . . . 459 tiff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 user account . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
System Commander Deluxe . . TIFF software . . . . . . . . . . 185 useradd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
41 tiffg3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 userdel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
system configuration 101, 396 TIFFSoftware . . . . . . . . . . . 185 users
system information . . . . . . 378 timezone . . . . . . . . . . . 397, 403 adding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
system is too big . . . . . . . . 317 tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 USRobotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
system messages . . . . . . . . 477 TIS Firewall Toolkit . . . . . 420 UUCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
system properties tk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 tkinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 515 V
system updating tkInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Variable
YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Tkinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
System V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Tkinfo (tkinfo) . . . . . . . 389 DISPLAY . . . . . . . 458, 460
TMC-16x0 . . . . . . . . . 327, 336 FEATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
T TMC-885/950 . . . . . . . . . . 328 GS RESOL . . . . . . . . . . . 309
T-ISDN-DSL . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Token Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 HOME . . 234, 237, 251, 302,
T-Online top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 452, 454
PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 traceroute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 KDEDIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
tape drives see hardware, tape Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 LANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
drives Transmission Subscriber LC * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
tar . . . . 63, 364, 389, 432, 433 Identification . . . . . . . 187 MANPATH . . . . . . . 365, 453
tar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Trantor T128/128F/228 . . 328 PATH 4, 171, 234, 235, 417,
Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 425, 453
tcl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Trantor T130B . . . . . . . . . . 337 PRINTER . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Tcl/Tk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 tripwire . . . . . . . . . . . . 412, 415 SHELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
TCP wrapper . . . . . . . . . . . 421 tripwire . . . . . . . . 412, 415 USER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
tcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Tripwire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 WINDOWMANAGER . . . 233,
tcsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Trojan horses . . . . . . . . . . . 412 234, 241
te dvilj . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 TSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187, 196 vertical frequency . . . . . . . 219
telecable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 tunelp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 VESA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
telephone book Twm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Vesa local bus . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 VG-AnyLAN . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Telix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 U vi . 2, 387, 430, 445, 446, 452,
telnet . 95, 387, 400, 406, 418, ugidd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 468
421, 468, 476 ulimit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 virtual consoles . . . . . . . . . 426
Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Ultrastor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 virtual screen . . . . . . . . . . . 227
temporary files umount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 virtuoso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 UMSDOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106, 412
termcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 uninstall Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
termcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Universal Serial Bus see USB VLB . . . . . . see Vesa local bus
517
Index
vmlinuz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 wuftpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
wuftpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
W wvdial . v, 149, 163¡165, 168, monitor section . . . . . . . 228
w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 279, 280, 289 screen section . . . . . . . . . 226
Wabi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 wvdial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 subsection
WAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 460 wvdial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
WD80x3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Wvdial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 virtual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Western Digital WD80x3 341 wvdial.lxdialog . . . . . . . . . 164 xf86Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
WfW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 wvdial.tcl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 XF86Setup . . . . 207, 208, 218
wget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 WWW-server . . . . . . . . . . . 478 xformsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
wget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 XFree86TM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Wide Area Network see WAN X xfsetup . . . . . . . . . 207, 208
widget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 xglint . . . . . . . . . . . 359, 360
wildcards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 X -probeonly . . . . . . . 223, 224 xinetd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400, 421
Wildcards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 X Consortium, Inc. . . . . 2, 207 xinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . 439 X server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 xinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 X Window System . . 207, see XInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 X11, 225, 460 XInfo (xinfo) . . . . . . . . . 389
window manager X.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 xisdnload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
configuration . . . . . . . . . 250 X11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 xli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
fvwm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 .Xresources . . . . . . . . . . . 251 xntp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403, 404
setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 configuration . . . . . 208, 218 xpmroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 xrdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Window manager . . . . . . . 460 mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 xrpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
windowmanager . . . . . . . . 229 monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 xsetroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 X server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
WINDOWMANAGER . 233, 234, defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 xsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
241 display manager . . . . . . . 404 xterm 151, 162, 241, 251, 451
Windows . 189, 190, 479, 516 graphics cards . . . . . . . . 220 xterms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 optimization . . . . . . . . . . 225 xv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
SMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 xvga16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 xvidtune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Windows Explorer . . . 56, 127 user settings . . . . . . . . . . 251 Xwrapper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Windows NT . . . . . . . 181, 197 X11R1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
bootmanager . . . . . . . . . . 105 X11R6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Y
Windows partitions . . . . . . . 81 x3dlabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 yast
Windows 95 xarchie . . . . . . . . . . . . 250, 251 ISDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
assigning Linux partitions . . xcyrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 yast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 71
49 xdm . . 97, 233, 236, 360, 398, YaST . ii¡v, 2, 3, 8, 13, 14, 19,
Windows 95/98 . . . . . . . . . 457 458, 501 20, 23¡25, 28¡40, 43, 50,
assigning Linux partitions . . XDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97, 98 56, 59, 65¡69, 71¡73, 76,
49 xdvi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 78, 82¡89, 91¡97, 99¡102,
bootmenu . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Xenix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 108, 114, 117, 122, 133,
DOS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 xf86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 316 134, 136, 137, 141, 142,
Windows 98 . see Windows 95 xf86config . vi, 207, 208, 218, 144, 145, 150¡166, 168,
Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . 457 221, 223¡225, 228 176, 178, 179, 207, 208,
WinFlex . . . . . . . . . . . 190, 516 XF86Config . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 212, 238, 247, 249, 259,
WinFlex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 275, 278, 280, 282, 289,
WINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 291, 296¡300, 302, 303,
Wm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 309, 310, 314, 356¡362,
wrapper device section . . . . . . . . . 227 364, 369¡371, 376,
SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 383¡385, 395¡399, 411,
WU-FTPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 modeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 415, 450, 465¡468,
518
Index
476¡478, 480, 492, 501, package dependencies . . 87 YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
506, 507, 509, 515, 517 package selection . . . . . . . 84 YaST1 . . . . . . . . . . . ix, 28, 356
LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 93 partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 YaST2 . . i, ix, 13¡22, 24, 284,
administration . . . . . . . . . 89 selecting keyboard layout 73 356
backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 selecting the language . . 72 adding mouse . . . . . . . . . . 16
boot configuration . . . . . . 92 series selection . . . . . . . . . 84 integrating keyboard . . . . 16
boot kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 setting filesystem . . . . . . . 79 selecting time zone . . . . . 16
configuration . . . . . . . . . . 83 setting mountpoint . . . . . 80 Yellow Pages . . . . . . . . see YP
configuration file . . . . . . 101 Setting the filesystem type . YP
formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 80 client configuration . . . . . 95
fstab file . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 setting up a CD-ROM drive server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
function keys . . . . . . . . . . 71 89 yp.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
group administration . . 100 setting up a modem . . . . . 89 ypbind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
index of all series and setting up a mouse . . . . . . 89 ypclient . . . . . . . . . 95, 144
packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 setting up a network card 89 ypserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
inode density . . . . . . . . . . 81 setting up a printer . . . . . 90 ypserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 setting up a scanner . . . . . 89
installation medium . . . . 73 size of installation . . . . . . 83
installing packages . . . . . 87 susewm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Z
integrating hardware . . . . 89 system security . . . . . . . 101 ZIP drive
kdm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 system updating . . . . . . . . 89 parallel port . see hardware,
main menu . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 user management . . . . . . . 99 parallel port
network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 xdm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 ZIP drives . see hardware, ZIP
package deleting . . . . . . . 89 XFree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 drives
519
Reference: Important Commands and Files
The blanks between commands and options ("separators") are essential and
have to be entered as "blanks" (whitespaces)! See Section 1.3 page 4.
Info/Documentation
less <file name> View text file
cd <directory> Change to directory
(wrong: cdDirectory
ls -l <dir or file> List Directory and File Attributes
rpm -qi <package name>
Package info
man <command> Manpage for a command
/usr/doc/howto Lots of HOWTOs concerning lots of topics
/usr/doc/packages/* Documentation on installed packages
/usr/doc/packages/i4l/README.Quick
current ISDN documentation
General Configuration Files and Logs
Synonym for Home directory
/etc Directory of configuration files
/etc/conf.modules Automatic loading of modules
/etc/rc.config SuSE Linux main configuration file
/etc/rc.config.d Directory of /etc/rc.config components
/etc/profile Configuration of the login shell (bash)
/etc/profile.d Directory for /etc/profile components
/.profile Own extension for /etc/profile
see /.bashrc and /.bashrc_login
/var/log Directory for system logs
/var/log/messages general system messages
/var/log/boot.msg Kernel boot messages
System Start
/etc/lilo.conf LILO configuration file
/sbin/init.d Directory for system start scripts
X Configuration
/etc/XF86Config X Server configuration file
/.X.err X Server messages
/var/X11R6/bin/X --> /usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_xxxx the X Server
Network
/sbin/ifconfig Show network configuration
/sbin/route -n Show routing table
ping <IP number> Test whether host is reachable