Appendix A Important keys A short summary of helpful and important keys. Enter Executes a command on the command line; otherwise, a linefeed. Alt + F1 - F6 Change to another console (in text mode). Ctrl + Alt + F1 - F6 Under X11 and Dosemu: change to one of the text consoles. Alt + F7 Switch from a text console back to X11. Ctrl + Alt + - Exit X11. Shift + Page Shows previous screens on console. Works until consoles are switched. Shift + Page Opposite of Shift + Page . Displays the previous commands on the command line. Just the opposite of (in the shell). Shift + Alt + X11: Change to the next virtual desktop (in Cursor the direction of the cursor). The number of virtual desktops is set in .fvwm[2]rc with the parameter "DeskTopSize". Ctrl + Alt + Changes the screen resolution according to ±(gray) entries in XF86Config. Ctrl + D Log out. Corresponds to exit. EOF (end of file). Affected by entry in /etc/profile: ignoreeof=x. Here, x indicates how many times command can be repeated until executed. Table A.1: 451 A. Important keys 452 Appendix B Glossary We have limited our glossary to UNIX and Linux specific terms, since a complete introduction to electronic data processing is beyond the scope of this book. The reader of this glossary should already be familiar with terms such as bits and bytes. ATAPI ATAPI is a type of CD-ROM drive that is connected to an (E)IDE con- troller. Apart from ATAPI drives, there are SCSI CD-ROM drives, han- dled by a SCSI controller, and proprietary CD-ROM drives that use their own controller or are connected to a sound card. Account Combination of login and password. In general, the user account is cre- ated by the system administrator. He also assigns one or more groups to the user, as well as the resulting permissions. Creating a user account normally includes assigning a home directory and the delivery of email. Acronym Quite often abbreviations are called acronyms. Linux, FTP and GNU are well-known acronyms. Alias This expression is often used in connection with the shell. An alias is a short-cut to command with long names, or often used ones. Please refer to the handbook section on the shell. Background process If your Shell is apparently only occupied with one process, this is called its foreground process. Most shells also offer the ability to run processes in the background. If you want to run a process in the background, you have to attach an `&' at the end. A multitasking operating system such as Linux is required in order to run background processes. Backup Backups should be done regularly, especially the important files! Even some configuration files that have been created with difficulty are worth being backed up. In Linux, one of the commands used for backups is tar. It backs up the files to a device or filename. Quite often tar is used in combination with gzip. 453 B. Glossary Base Linux When you install Linux for the first time, the base-Linux has to be brought up first. It works without the hard disk which is not accessible at this point. Its kernel is on the boot disk or on CD-ROM. The root image (also on CD-ROM or on the boot disk) is loaded into a RAM disk. The other programs (e. g., YaST) are also loaded into RAM disk. After the first login, you start YaST and prepare for installation of the "real" Linux. BIOS Basic Input Output System Every PC includes a small memory area containing the BIOS. This is a system of programs for executing basic operations connected to the hardware such as memory check and recognizing hard drives. In Linux, the BIOS is not active, since it runs in real mode, and is switched off by the kernel at boot time. The Linux kernel has much more powerful capabilities than the BIOS. Booting Booting is the sequence of computer operations from power-up until the system is ready for use. In Linux, this entails loading the kernel, which can be seen with the message "uncompressing linux..." and which ends with the `login:' prompt. Buffer A buffer is a sort of intermediate memory which enables you to speed up access to data being moved between different media and devices that operate at different speeds. On Linux, there are many buffers. CD-ROM Drive There are various types of CD-ROM drives available. The most common nowadays are ATAPI drives, which are connected to a (E)IDE hard disk controller. Apart from these drives there are also * SCSI CD-ROM drives, which are operated via a SCSI host adapter, * CD-ROM drives connected to the parallel port, and * proprietary CD-ROM drives which are controlled via special controller cards or via the sound card. Special drivers onlz need to be chosen for the last-mentioned drives! Command line Working with UNIX in a shell is command line oriented. This, in par- ticular, means that any process you enter in a shell can have its own command line (e. g., the command ls can take a lot of options to change its behavior). Console In former times, this was synonymous with terminal. In Linux, you have virtual consoles. This enables you to use one screen for many indepen- dent running sessions. In the standard runlevel 2, you have six virtual consoles which can be reached by pressing Alt + F1 to Alt + F6 . 454 B. Glossary From within a running X Window System,1 you reach the text consoles by pressing Ctrl + Alt + F1 to Ctrl + Alt + F6 . CPU Central Processing Unit The computer processor. Intel x86 processors can be run in many different modes. Here, we want to distinguish between two of them: * Real mode: the "original" mode using a segmented memory protocol. This is slow, antiquated and limited to 16 bit software. * Protected mode: (available from 386 onwards). Mode with linear memory model. Only this mode uses the full power of the CPU. Linux runs only in protected mode. At the time of writing, Linux exists for the following processor architec- tures: Intel x86, DEC alpha, Motorola m68k, Sparc, PowerPC, MIPS, ARM. Cursor The cursor is normally a block character which marks the place for input on a computer screen. On Linux, this term occurs in: * Shell/editor: a spot marked with a rectangle or flashing line showing where the next entry will occur. In the shell, the cursor is right of the Prompt. * Mouse cursor under X: depending on the background, it changes its shape. For example, an arrow in an xterm, X-shaped on the root window or I-shaped in an editor buffer. * GPM cursor (console): a one character block which can be positioned on the console by means of the mouse. It can be used for cut and paste. See ( Selection). Daemon A daemon Dist and execution monitor is a program which monitors in the background, and comes into action when required. Such daemons answer FTP- or HTTP requests, for example, or control activity in the PCMCIA slots. Device In Linux devices are accessed via special entries in the file system, which are located in /dev/. These entries contain the device numbers with which the Kernel can reach the device drivers. Directories Build a filesystem structure. Files and other directories are listed in a directory. file `x' lies in directory `y' if its name is listed in this directory. Because there are branches of subdirectories within other di- rectories, this is often referred to as a directory tree. If you want to see another directory, you can change into it. Files can be compared to the leaves of the directory tree which cannot (quite logically) contain any more subdirectories (branches). Directories follow the same restrictions as files. The special directories `.' and `..' refer to the directory itself and to its parent directory in filesystem hierarchy. 1 which uses either console 7 (runlevel 2) or console 3 (runlevel 3) 455 B. Glossary Editor Editors are programs for changing text (e. g., by entering text). Well- known editors on Linux are GNU Emacs (emacs) and the UNIX editor vi. E-mail electronic mail The means of transporting mail electronically between registered users via a network. Similar to "normal" mail (often referred to as "snail mail"), the address has to be entered as "sender@sender's-domain" to "recipient@recipient's-domain". E-mail not only lets you send text, but also sound documents or pictures. E-mail has many advantages: it is quite cheap and mail usually reaches its destination within minutes. ELF Executable and Linking Format ELF is also the standard binary format for Linux. With this format it is easier, for example, to create "shared libraries" than with the old a.out format. For background information, refer to the Howto /usr/doc/ howto/en/ELF-HOWTO.gz. Encryption Encryption of data means hiding file contents from unwanted intrusion. This is useful whenever files are sent through insecure channels (e. g.via the Internet) and when you want to prevent unauthorised strangers looking at data (e. g.when transferring credit card numbers, passwords, confiden- tial information, etc.). Here, the length of the key is significant for the security of the encryption (too short a key might be cracked by appropri- ate programs); see Chapter 18 page 413 pp. In some countries the encryption of data is subject to legal restrictions, so that in these countries you may not use programs such as SSH, PGP or web access by means of SSL at all, or only with short key lengths. Although SuSE makes available the above-mentioned programs in its dis- tribution, (insofar as legal provisions in the respective countries allow this), you must check yourself if you may use them in your own coun- try ­ SuSE is not responsible for this. Environment A shell normally provides some kind of environment where you can temporarily set options such as paths of programs, the user name, the current path, the appearance of the prompt and so forth. This data is stored in an environment variable. These variables can be assigned, for example, by the shell's configuration files. Environment variable A storage location in the environment of the shell. Every variable consists of a name (usually written in capital letters) and a value (such as pathname). If you use the bash shell, a variable is set as follows: root@earth:/ > export EDITOR=emacs By invoking env, you can get a list of the variables set. If a variable is needed (in a shell script, for example), it is dereferenced by attaching a $ sign to the beginning of its name. Important environment variables are HOME (path to user's home directory), SHELL (shell path), USER (user 456 B. Glossary name), PATH (path list to search for executables), MANPATH (path list to search for manpages). Ethernet Widely-used network hardware for LANs with a bus structure. Origi- nally at 10 Mbits through coaxial cable, networks today however are usu- ally "twisted pair" at up to 100 Mbits, using a star topology. EXT2 second extended filesystem EXT2 is the native filesystem used by Linux. It offers a high throughput, long file names, permissions, and error tolerance. FileOn Linux, a file is the central concept for handling data. As with other systems, files are used to write data onto mass-storage media. The file name has to be unique within its own directory. By means of a filesys- tem, these files can be hierarchically structured. See other topics on files in this glossary. In addition, Linux possesses some special files. See link, device and proc. Filesystem A filesystem is a system for structuring files. There are many filesystems available which differ (sometimes quite extremely) in performance and power. Some filesystems are strictly tied to certain media. You cannot really generalise and say "Linux uses filesystem 'X"'. Focus Under X, a control item, such as the command line of a terminal, has the focus if the actual input is directed to it. In general the focus is usually connected to the cursor. The way in which a window manager manages the focus is called focus policy. You can differentiate between a focus that follows the mouse or a focus that has to be set by clicking the mouse. FTP file transfer protocol FTP is a means under UNIX for transferring files from one machine to another. On one side is the FTP server (the machine sending the files), and on the other, the FTP client (the receiver of the files). GNU GNU stands for GNU is Not Unix and is a product of the Free Software Foundation (FSF) whose aim it is to provide a completely free (source code available at no cost) UNIX compatible operating system. In this process, all UNIX tools are completely rewritten and new functionality is added. Linux benefits from these tools but should not be confused with it. Graphical User Interface A GUI is a graphical representation of a normal desktop. Whereas you lay different papers onto a normal desktop, here these "papers" are called windows. You can put as many of these windows on your desktop as you like. Each individual process runs in a separate window. A GUI is normally controlled via a mouse, trackball or something similar. Some 457 B. Glossary well-known GUIs are the X Window System, Apple Macintosh System 7, Digital Research GEM, and MS-Windows. Home directory The home directory is the starting point for most user activities on the machine. Generally, this is where your private files are located. Besides the system administrator, you are the only one who has access to this directory. The location of the home directory in the filesystem on UNIX is given by the environment variable HOME. Inode The EXT2 filesystem uses inodes for organizing information on files. Inodes contain information such as the owner of its file, permissions, etc. Interface Generally speaking, an interface is a device where different systems ex- change information in any way. An example of such an interface is a keyboard where man and machine meet. This is rather abstract. Some other interfaces are much more concrete: * Hardware interface: connects peripheral devices such as a parallel port(printer), SCSI or serial interfaces. * Software interface: assigns how programs should communicate. See protocol. * User interface: here, people and machine exchange data by means of keyboard, mouse or monitor. Internet The Internet is a worldwide, heterogeneous network (i.e., it consists of lots of different machines). Machines are accessed via their IP ad- dresses (IP = Internet Protocol) which are unique. These IP addresses are structured in a hierarchical manner. There are top level and national domains, domains, subdomains and the addresses of each individual ma- chine. Together with the numerical IP address (such as 192.168.0.1), there are aliases (like helios.cosmos.com) which simplify the IP ad- dress for the user. It is not only the hardware layer that keeps the Internet up-and-running, but also a system of protocols (e. g., FTP, HTTP, TCP) operating on specific logical layers. Well-known services of the Internet are email and the World Wide Web (WWW or W3). A very impor- tant keyword in connection with Internet communication is "Netiquette", which encourages people to behave politely and makes sure that every- thing runs smoothly. IP Address A numerical 32 Bit Internet address, usually in decimal notation as 4 num- bers separated by dots. (e. g. 192.168.10.1), which are uniquely assigned to a machine connected to the network. If a machine contains several network connections (gateway), it will also have several IP addresses. ISP Internet Service Provider A firm or person providing Internet services. 458 B. Glossary Kernel The kernel is the "heart" of the entire system. All the various threads are brought together in the kernel: memory allocation, managing the pro- cess tables, the administration of multitasking and multi-user capabilities, management of access to the file systems, of drivers for access to spe- cific hardware, etc. These features can in part be realised by means of "modules"; see Chapter 13 page 317. LAN local area network A LAN is a local network which usually means that it is rather small and generally supervised by one system administrator. LANs are frequently connected to other LANs via a gateway, combining to form a WAN. Link Ein Link is a directory entry to another file, the entry itself does not contain any data. Distinction should be made between: * Symbolic links, these contain name pointers. Here it is immaterial if the target file exists, and if it references a file or a directory, or even a file on a different file system. * Hardlinks, these contain I-node pointers. A Hardlink can only refer- enced within the same file system, and the target cannot be a directory. In addition, hard links are of equal rank (that is, the data of the file remains until the last link is deleted). Main memory This is often referred to as RAM, or Random Access Memory. RAM access is very fast in comparison to hard drive access. On Linux, this memory is often referred to as physical memory. Manpages Traditionally the documentation for Unix systems lies in the "manpages", which can be read with the command man. For more on manpages, please refer to Section 19.9 page 438. Mass storage media A collection of different media for storing data. Typical mass storage media are floppy disks, hard drives, streamer tapes, CD-ROMs, magneto- optical disks, holographic media and many more. MBR master boot record The first physical sector (cylinder 0, head 0, sector 1) of the first hard drive in the system (the first hard drive with the BIOS device number 0x80); each hard drive contains an MBR, but not every BIOS can start the corresponding operating system from every hard drive. When booting from the hard drive, the BIOS loads the contents of the MBR to a fixed address in the memory and allows it to take control. This code then loads either the operating system from a bootable hard drive partition, or from a complex boot loader, such as LILO. Memory The memory is the brain of your machine. On Linux, one often refers to two different types of memory: 459 B. Glossary * Physical memory: this is made up of a number of memory (RAM) chips. The size varies from 8 MB up to 128 MB on a typical PC. High performance computers may have 1 GB or more. * Virtual memory: by means of virtual memory, the system can consider certain ranges of the hard drive as ( swap) memory. Menu On graphical user interfaces, functions and actions of an application can be reached via a menu. Menus offer all available commands and op- tions (just like in a restaurant), so you can choose any of them. Normally a menu bar has submenus that drop down from it. There may also be popup menus which can be activated with a button or a mouse click. MIME "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions" ­ originally intended to expand electronic mail options (e. g. to add sounds or images). but the technology can be used for many other things. Mounting This describes the "mounting" of file systems into the directory tree of the system. As a rule, an empty directory serves as the Mountpoint. Refer also to u.befehl.mount. Mount point A mount point is the directory where a partition or another device is attached to the Linux filesystem. Multiprocessing If your machine works with more than one processor, this is called a multiprocessor or multiprocessing system. In Linux, you may encounter the term SMP, which stands for symmetric multi-processing, and is a special form of multiprocessing. Multitasking Operating systems that can invoke more than one program simultaneously are called multitasking systems. There are two forms of multitasking: * Pre-emptive multitasking: the operating system is responsible for shar- ing CPU time between processes. * Cooperative multitasking: the processes themselves give back CPU time. As you can see the first variant is the better one, since no process can then block the entire CPU. Linux offers real pre-emptive multitasking. Multiuser Multitasking is necessary if more than one person wants to work on the same machine. An operating system that offers this capability is called a multiuser system. Network A network is a functional connection between different computers. There are different types of topologies, depending on how the machines are connected, such as ring, star, bus and tree. Some well-known hardware 460 B. Glossary standards for networks are Ethernet, Token Ring and ISDN. TCP, UDP and IPX (acting on different layers) are some typical networking software protocols. NFS network file system A protocol to access file systems of networked machines. On the server side the configuration file /etc/exports determines which machines may access which directory trees on the server. The client may then "mount" these directories in his own directory tree. (see Mounting. Operating system The operating system is a process running permanently in the back- ground, controlling the basic operation of the computer. The tasks of an operating system is to manage all the machine-specific resources. In Linux, this is done by the kernel, and probably by means of modules as well. Some well-known operating systems are Linux, AmigaOS, Ma- cOS, OS/2, UNIX, Windows NT and Windows 95/98. Path Via its path, a file is unambiguously assigned to a filesystem. In UNIX, the different layers are separated by a "slash", `/'. There are two sorts of paths: * Relative path: the position of a file or directory is relative to the current path. * Absolute path: the position of a file is described relative to the root directory. Pipe A pipe stands for connecting the standard output of a program process with the standard input ( standard in/out) of a successor process. This avoids having to write temporary files for further processing. In shell mode, the processes to be "piped" are entered one after another separated by a pipe `|' (ASCII 124). Process A process is a program or an executable file "living" variant (see Shell). Often, it is referred to as a task. Proc-filesystem The /proc file system, in contrast to one available on a data medium, does not contain any static data, but creates this dynamically from infor- mation from the kernel itself. It is used mainly to supply system programs (e. g. ps, mount) with up-to-date kernel data, or to enable changes to ker- nel parameters during runtime. Prompt Within a text shell, the place where you can type commands to the operating system is referred to as the prompt. The prompt might contain the user name, the computer name, current time and certain other data. Most of the time, the cursor stands directly after the prompt. If the prompt reappears after a command, this shows that the system is ready to accept more input. 461 B. Glossary Protocol Protocols organize either on hardware or software the communication between the different machines in networks. They specify the format of the data to be transferred, which machines have control over others, etc. Such protocols include FTP, UDP, TCP and HTTP. RAM Random Access Memory Physical Memory of limited capacity, which can be accessed for read and write purposes at a relatively high speed. Reset If the machine hangs and does not respond to keystrokes, it might be trapped in an endless loop. The only solution to such a problem is to bring the machine back to a defined state. This is called a reset. After a reset, the machine is in exactly the same state as when it is started. A reset should always be preferred to a power-down, as this puts less strain on the electronic components. IMPORTANT! As you might have guessed, after a reset all data that resided in the computer's RAM is irrevocably lost! ROM Read-only Memory A CD is a good example of a ROM. RPM (rpm) From SuSE Linux 5.0, RPM (rpm) RPM Package Manager is the stan- dard package manager. With rpm, software packages can be installed and de-installed, and queries can be made to the database. Rlogin remote login Using a remote login, you can log into a remote machine via the Internet as if you were sitting at its console. If there is an X Server running on both machines, you can even display the output of an X application on the local display, provided the DISPLAY variable is set correctly. Root See System administrator. Root directory The top level directory of a filesystem. In contrast to all other direc- tories, there is no parent directory for the root directory. `..' for root points to itself. On UNIX, the root directory is known as `/'. Runlevel A runlevel describes a certain operating state of your system. The system behaves differently on different runlevels. There is a runlevel for system administration (S), as well as a runlevel for the GUI of the X Display Manager (xdm: 3). Selection Selection is a mechanism of the X Server. You can mark text characters with the mouse by moving over them and at the same time holding down the left mouse button, and paste them to another application by moving the cursor into the appropriate window and pressing the middle mouse button. This is called "cut and paste". 462 B. Glossary Server A server is usually quite a powerful computer that serves other machines connected via a network and provides services or data. Besides com- puters, there are also programs called servers. These programs also make services available. An example of a software server is the X Server. Shell The shell is the fundamental interface to the operating system kernel. You can enter commands using the shell. The shell provides a command line. In order to make processes run automatically, most shells provide a scripting language of their own. These programs, called shell scripts, can be seen as intelligent batch files. Examples of shells are: bash, sh, and tcsh. Standard in/out Every process inherits three channels where it can read and write data. These are standard input (stdin), standard output (stdout) and standard er- ror (stderr). These channels are set to certain devices by default. Standard input is set to your keyboard, standard output and standard error to the screen. By means of the shell, these channels can be redirected. If the characters are not read from the keyboard, but from a file instead, this is known as a redirection of standard input. In shell mode, redirection is invoked by entering `<' (stdin), `>' (stdout) and `2>' (stderr). See Pipe. Swap The area on mass-storage devices needed by virtual memory models, used for temporary swapping of RAM memory pages. (see RAM). In Linux, this can be a special partition or a file. Taken roughly, the physical RAM memory and the memory made available by swap together make up the size of the maximum virtual memory available. Switch Switches can change the (default) behavior of programs. The so-called command line consists of the program's name and some (optional) switches. System administrator The person who is responsible for maintaining and supervising a complex system or network. Generally, the system administrator is the only one who has access to all parts of the system (root permissions). Task See Process. Telnet Telnet creates a connection to a (remote) host and gives you a login to this machine, provided you have an account. Terminal A combination of a screen and a keyboard without computing capabilities. Also used on workstations that emulate a real terminal. UMSDOS A special file system in Linux which enables a UNIX-conform access 463 B. Glossary (including long filenames and permissions) within a normal MS-DOS file system. This is somewhat slower than a "normal" EXT2 file system, but is well-suited to demonstration purposes, as it does not need an extra partition. UNIX UNIX is an operating system that is widely distributed on workstations. UNIX supports vital concepts, such as running different machines on a network. UNIX consists of a kernel, a shell and applications. Since the mid-nineties, there has been a freeware version available for PCs: Linux. URL "Uniform Resource Locator", the term for the addresses of HTML pages in the WWW. WAN wide area network As opposed to a LAN, this network connects computers that are sep- arated over a wide area. Wildcards The characters `*' and `?' are generic signs and are used as jokers or wildcards (as in a card game). The `?' stands for exactly one character, which may be anything. `*' replaces any number of arbitrary charac- ters, even no characters. Wildcards are often used in regular expressions. For example, the command ls -l bild* lists all files in the current directory that start with "bild" and end with any character(s), even only bild. Window Windows are rectangular screen segments which are usually decorated by a frame. This frame normally contains decorations which can change the size, move the window and alter other window properties. In order to work with windows, an X server and a Window manager must be running. Window manager A window manager is responsible (among other things) for decorating your windows and provides you with certain functionality such as resiz- ing, moving and closing windows. It is also responsible for the look and feel of your system. X server Machines that run an X server can use graphical user interfaces ser- vices provided by the X Window System. An important task of the X server is to manage the displays. Normally, each terminal has ex- actly one display. The name of this display is set by the environ- ment variable DISPLAY. The format of this variable is: :. For example, earth:0. You need to know your display's name for rlogin. X Window System A collection of programs, protocols and routines for organizing and main- taining a graphical user interface. The X Window System (short: X) was developed as project Athena at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 464 B. Glossary nology). Some of the big advantages of X Windows compared to other systems (such as MS-Windows or GEM) are its networking capabilities and its flexibility. It is possible, for example, to run programs on other machines and redirect their output to your display while freely adapting the look and feel of your system. 465 B. Glossary 466 Appendix C The Directory Tree C.1 Overview The following figure shows a small portion of the Linux directory tree: / bin boot dev etc home lib sbin root opt proc sbin tmp usr var vmlinuz hda sda st0 ld.so yxz linux tux X11R6 bin doc etc lib local sbin bin Mail test.c f2c bin lib man faq howto bin lib ftp man xdm xterm xv bin lib pub 467 C. The Directory Tree C.2 Important Directories The directory tree of your Linux system is well organized. Some important directories are: / "root" directory, start of the directory tree /home the private directories of the users /dev device files that represent the system hardware /etc important system configuration files /usr/bin publicly accessible commands /bin commands needed to start the system /usr/sbin commands reserved for the superuser /sbin commands reserved for the superuser and needed for system start /sbin/init.d scripts for system start /usr/include header files for the C compiler /usr/include/g++ header files for the C++ compiler /usr/doc documentation files /usr/man manual pages /usr/src source code for the system software /usr/src/linux the kernel sources /tmp temporary files /var/tmp big temporary files /usr user commands and applications, configura- tion files-can be mounted read-only /var configuration files (linked from /usr). /lib shared libraries (for dynamically linked pro- grams) /proc the process file system /usr/local local extensions, independent of the distribu- tion /opt optional software, large systems (e. g., KDE) Table C.1: Overview of important directories 468 Appendix D Important Files The most important file in your system is the kernel itself. It can be found in the root directory, in the file /vmlinuz. D.1 Device Files in the /dev Directory Disks and hard disks:1 /dev/fd0 first floppy drive /dev/fd1 second floppy drive /dev/hda first AT bus hard drive /dev/hda1 - /dev/hda15 partitions of first AT bus hard drive /dev/sda first SCSI hard drive /dev/sda1 - /dev/sda15 partitions of first SCSI hard drive /dev/sdb second SCSI hard drive /dev/sdc third SCSI hard drive Table D.1: Overview of device files for mass storage media D.1.1 CD-ROM Drives /dev/cdrom Link to the CD-ROM drive in use, e. g., one of the files below. Assigned by YaST. /dev/aztcd Aztech CDA268-01 CD-ROM /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM /dev/cm206cd Philips CM206 /dev/gscd0 Goldstar R420 CD-ROM /dev/hda Table D.2: continued overleaf. . . ... 1 Besides the listed device files, you may create additional ones. Information: manpages for mknod. 469 D. Important Files to ATAPI IDE CD-ROM /dev/hdd /dev/lmscd Philips CM 205/250/206/260 CD-ROM /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM /dev/sbpcd0 to CD-ROM on SoundBlaster /dev/sbpcd3 /dev/scd0 to SCSI CD-ROM drives /dev/scd1 /dev/sonycd Sony CDU 31a CD-ROM /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM Table D.2: Overview of device files for CD-ROM drives D.1.2 Tape Drives /dev/rmt0 1st SCSI streamer rewinding (rewinds automatically) /dev/nrmt0 1st SCSI streamer non-rewinding /dev/ftape Floppy streamer rewinding (rewinds automatically) /dev/nftape Floppy streamer non-rewinding Table D.3: Overview of device files for streaming tapes D.1.3 Mice (bus and PS/2) /dev/mouse Link to the interface used by the mouse-a pseudo file for bus mice, a serial interface for others. As- signed by YaST. /dev/atibm ATI graphics card bus mouse /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse. /dev/inportbm PS/2 bus mouse Table D.4: Overview of device files for mice 470 D.1. Device Files in the /dev Directory D.1.4 Modems /dev/modem Link to the COM port to which the modem is con- nected. Assigned by YaST. Table D.5: Overview of device files for modems D.1.5 Serial Interfaces /dev/ttyS0 Serial interfaces 0 to 3 to /dev/ttyS3 /dev/cua0 Serial interfaces 0 to 3 (for outgoing modem connec- to tions) /dev/cua3 Table D.6: Overview of device files for serial interfaces D.1.6 Parallel Ports /dev/lp0 to parallel ports (LPT1 to LPT3) /dev/lp2 Table D.7: Overview of device files for parallel ports D.1.7 Special Devices /dev/null "swallows" any data (data bin) /dev/tty1 Virtual consoles to /dev/tty8 /dev/zero Outputs any number of null bytes Table D.8: Overview of device files for special (virtual) devices 471 D. Important Files D.2 Configuration Files in /etc /etc/rc.config The system's central configuration file. Cre- ated by YaST and read by the boot scripts and SuSEconfig. /etc/inittab Configuration file for the init process /etc/lilo.conf Configuration of LILO /etc/modules.conf Configuration of kernel modules /etc/DIR_COLORS Color assignments for ls /etc/XF86Config Configuration of the X Window System /etc/fstab Table of file systems that are automatically mounted at boot time /etc/profile The shells login script /etc/passwd User database: user names, home directory, login shell, user number /etc/shadow Passwords /etc/group User groups /etc/printcap Description of installed printers. Used by the lpd printer daemon. See page 293. /etc/hosts Hostname to IP address assignments. Nec- essary if no nameserver is installed. /etc/inetd.conf Definition of configured IP services (telnet, finger, ftp and many more). /etc/syslogd.conf Configuration file for the syslog daemon- records certain system messages. Table D.9: Configuration files in /etc D.3 Hidden Configuration Files in home In the home directory of each user there are several configuration files which for practical reasons are "hidden". They are not modified frequently. A file becomes hidden if you attach a dot at the beginning of the file name. You can see these files by typing ls -a. Some examples are given in Table D.10 on the facing page. These files are copied from /etc/skel when a new user is created. .profile the user's private login script (for bash) .bashrc bash configuration .exrc vi configuration .xinitrc X Window System startup script Table D.10: continued overleaf. . . ... 472 D.3. Hidden Configuration Files in home .fvwmrc Configuration of fvwm window manager .ctwmrc Configuration of ctwm window manager .openwin-menu Configuration of olvwm and olwm window man- ager Table D.10: Hidden files in the user's home directory 473 D. Important Files 474 Appendix E Manual Page of e2fsck E2FSCK(8) E2FSCK(8) NAME e2fsck - check a Linux second extended file system SYNOPSISe2fsck [ -pacnyrdfvstFSV ] [ -b superblock ] [ -B block- size ] [ -l|-L bad_blocks_file ] device DESCRIPTION e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system. device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). OPTIONS-a This option does the same thing as the -p option. It is provided for backwards compatibility only; it is suggested that people use -p option whenever possible. -b superblock Instead of using the normal superblock, use the alternative superblock specified by superblock. -B blocksize Normally, e2fsck will search for the superblock at various different block sizes in an attempt to find the appropriate block size. This search can be fooled in some cases. This option forces e2fsck to only try locating the superblock at a particular blocksize. If the superblock is not found, e2fsck will terminate with a fatal error. -c This option causes e2fsck to run the badblocks(8) program to find any blocks which are bad on the filesystem, and then marks them as bad by adding them to the bad block inode. -d Print debugging output (useless unless you are - continued overleaf. . debugging . e2fsck ). -f Force checking even if the file system seems clean. 475 -F Flush the filesystem device's buffer caches before beginning. Only really useful for doing e2fsck time trials. -l filename Add the blocks listed in the file specified by filename to the list of bad blocks. -L filename Set the bad blocks list to be the list of blocks specified by filename. (This option is the same as the -l option, except the bad blocks list is cleared before the blocks listed in the file are added to the bad blocks list.) -n Open the filesystem read-only, and assume an answer of ``no'' to all questions. Allows e2fsck to be used non-interactively. (Note: if the -c, -l, or -L options are specified in addition to the -n option, then the filesystem will be opened read- write, to permit the bad-blocks list to be updated. However, no other changes will be made to the filesystem.) -p Automatically repair ("preen") the file system without any questions. -r This option does nothing at all; it is provided only for backwards compatibility. -s This option will byte-swap the filesystem so that it is using the normalized, standard byte- order (which is i386 or little endian). If the filesystem is already in the standard byte-order, e2fsck will take no action. -S This option will byte-swap the filesystem, regard- less of its current byte-order. -t Print timing statistics for e2fsck. If this option is used twice, additional timing statistics are printed on a pass by pass basis. -v Verbose mode. -V Print version information and exit. -y Assume an answer of ``yes'' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be used non-interactively. EXIT CODE The exit code returned by e2fsck is the sum of the following conditions: 0 - No errors 1 - File system errors corrected 2 - File system errors corrected, system should be rebooted if file system was mounted 4 - File system errors left uncorrected 8 - Operational error 16 - Usage or syntax error 128 - Shared library error REPORTING BUGS Almost any piece of software will have bugs. If you manage to find a filesystem which causes e2fsck to crash, or which e2fsck is unable to repair, please report it to the author. Please include as much information as possible in your bug report. Ideally, include a complete transcript of the e2fsck run, so I can see exactly what error messages are displayed. If you have a writeable filesystem where the transcript can be stored, the script(1) program is a handy way to save the output of to a file. It is also useful to send the output of dumpe2fs(8). If a specific inode or inodes seems to be giving e2fsck trouble, try running the debugfs(8) command and send the output of the stat command run on the relevant inode(s). If the inode is a directory, the debugfs dump command will allow you to extract the contents of the directory inode, which can sent to me after being first run through uuencode(1). Always include the full version string which e2fsck displays when it is run, so I know which version you are running. AUTHOR This version of e2fsck is written by Theodore Ts'o . SEE ALSOmke2fs(8), tune2fs(8), dumpe2fs(8), debugfs(8) E2fsprogs version 1.06 October 1996 E. Manual Page of e2fsck 476 Appendix F SuSE Linux-FAQ Here we will try and give answers to the most Frequently Asked Questions. Although the answers to nearly all questions can be found in the handbook, it is difficult ­ especially for those not so familiar with Linux ­ to find the right chapter. For this reason the relevant chapter of the handbook is included, as a reference for most questions. I have an old SuSE Linux­ how can I update to 6.4 ? The direct way is through the update Chapter 15 page 359 pp. of the hand- book. What is the most important chapter in the handbook? For beginners, definitely the Chapter 19 page 427. This is not intended as a substitute for a proper Linux book. A good selection of Linux books can be found at: http://linux.oreilly.com After the installation I always get the error message "login:" ­ what am I doing wrong? You are not doing anything wrong, the installation is complete and you may log in to the computer with your user name and password; initially, only `root' exists. See also Section 19.1 page 427 and Section 3.6.7 page 99. I have logged in, but all I can see is " earth: # " ­ How do I get into Linux itself? You are already "in Linux". You probably want to start the graphical user interface (GUI). This needs to be configured first (with SaX, for example). Then you can start the graphical system (X Window System) with the com- mand startx. Proceed as described in Chapter 8 page 207 pp. I use my computer on my own, why do I always need to login? Linux is a multiuser system. In order for Linux to know who is working on it, you need to specify a user name and password. Incidentally, you should only work as user `root' if you need to make changes to the system (installing and configuring software, etc). For normal operation you should create a standard user. Then you cannot do any damage to the system itself. 477 F. SuSE Linux-FAQ Do I need to compile my own kernel? No, in most cases this is definitely not necessary! The kernel has now become so large that there are some 800 options which need to be considered in the configuration! Since it is impossible to keep track of all these different configurations, we strongly recommend inexperienced users not to re-compile the kernel. If you still want to do this, you do so at your own risk ­ and we cannot provide any installation support if you compile your own kernel! But don't I need to compile the kernel for sound support? Not any more, since kernel 2.2.x . Proceed as described in Section 10.3 page 259 pp. Where can I get more information on SuSE Linux? In as far as installation or SuSE Linuxspecific matters are concerned, from the handbook. Documentation on the programs can be found in /usr/doc/ packages, introductions in the "Howto's" in /usr/doc/howto/de for German, and in /usr/doc/howto/en for the English "Howto's". They can be read, for example, with less /usr/doc/howto/en/DOS-to-Linux-HOWTO.txt.gz In KDE you can also read the files (even though they are compressed) with the command kedit. Where can I get special tips or help? In the Internet you will find our support database at the address http://sdb.suse.de/sdb/en/html/index.html. Enter a search phrase or browse through the "History" link of the SDB. How can I enter commands in KDE? Click on `K', `Tools', then `Terminal'. Alternatively you can press Alt + F2 and then enter xterm. Then you will have a "Terminal" (often mistakenly referred to as the DOS-window), in which you can enter com- mands. I can't find many programs in KDE. You can start all programs from a terminal window (xterm, see above) by entering the program name and pressing I cannot log in to my computer with telnet. I always get the answer "Login incorrect". You are probably trying to log in as user `root'. For security reasons this is not possible via telnet. With YaST, set up a normal user account (refer to Section 3.6.7 page 99); you can log in with this username. Then you can change to the user root, with su. 478 F. SuSE Linux-FAQ It is much better and safer, however, to use the program ssh instead of telnet; the ssh program uses encoded, and thus secure, connections. You can find this program in the series sec series. How do I access the Internet with Linux? Information on this can be found in the handbook in Chapter 6 page 149. Do I need to worry about viruses in Linux? No. In Linux there are no critical viruses to speak of (see Section 90 page 416). Also, viruses cannot cause any significant damage to the system as long as they are not invoked as root. The only virus scanners which exist in Linux are for searching mail for Windows viruses (if Linux is being used as a router). Where can I see system messages? As `root', enter the following command in a terminal window: earth: # tail -f /var/log/messages Other programs of interest in this respect are: top, procinfo and xosview. Messages which are sent at boot time can be seen with the command: earth: # dmesg or with: earth: # cat /var/log/boot.msg Where is StarOffice? You will find StarOffice as the package so en, which can be found in the series pay. Please use our installation program YaST to install it, which will then tell you which CD you need to insert. I have found a bug in SuSE Linux. Where can I report this? First, make sure it really is an error in the program, and not just an operating or configuration problem. You should also first read the documentation in /usr/doc/packages and /usr/doc/howto. It is possible that the error has already been detected, information on this can be found in our support database at http://sdb.suse.de/sdb/en/ html/index.html. Enter a search pattern, or step through the "History" link of the SDB, to see if the problem has been registered. If it appears not to have been documented, send a description by electronic mail to feedback@suse.de. Please quote your registration code when doing this. How can I access my CD? You must first mount the CD. See Section 19.11.2 page 444 of the handbook. 479 F. SuSE Linux-FAQ I cannot remove my CD from the drive, what should I do? You must first unmount (umount) the CD. See Section 19.11.2 page 444 in the handbook. How can I see the space available in Linux? With the command df -h, refer also to Chapter 19 page 427. Can I "cut-and-paste" in Linux? Yes. If you want to use "cut-and-paste" in text mode, the program gpm must be running. The rule for both the X Window System and in text mode is: highlight by pressing the left mouse button, and drag and insert with the middle mouse button. The right mouse button has a special function in many programs. How can I install programs? Programs which are on the SuSE Linux CD's are best installed with YaST. Please note that many of the larger programs can be found in the series pay. I have a program "only" in source code. How can I install it? For many programs you need a certain amount of "know-how", the best place to find this is from a good Linux book ­ see http:// linux.oreilly.com. In short: unpack the archive with the command tar xvzf name.tar.gz, read the file INSTALL or README and fol- low the instructions ­ usually this entails a ./configure;make;make install. Refer also to the detailed hints on packet administration in Section 15.3 page 370. Please note that no installation support will be given for self-compiled ker- nels. I need firewall, masquerading, mailserver and WWW server. Can I get help for these from Installation Support? No. Installation Support is to help you to get Linux up and running. For topics which go beyond installation support, there are some good books available, as well as excellent documentation in /usr/doc/packages and /usr/ doc/howto/en/NET3-HOWTO.txt.gz. Is my hardware supported? It would be best to take a look at http://cdb.suse.de/cdb_ english.html. Also, the command less /usr/doc/howto/en/Hardware-HOWTO.gz will provide you with additional information. 480 F. SuSE Linux-FAQ How can I de-fragment my hard drive? Linux has an intelligent file system. This filesystem makes de-fragmenting superfluous, because hardly any fragments occur in the first place. You should just make sure that your partitions do not become more than 90% full (df -h). I have read something about partitioning, what is this? By partitioning, the splitting of the hard drive into individual sub-sections is meant. We recommend using SuSE Linux with at least three partitions (one for boot files, one for Linux itself, and a swap partition). You can read more about this in Chapter 19 page 427. Do I need to delete windows in order to be able to use Linux? No. But Linux does need free space on the hard-drive. Run the program defrag in Windows, then run the program fips on the first SuSE Linux CD, in the directory \dosutils\fips\fips20. With this program you can re-size Windows partitions, to create more space for Linux. Backup your files first! See also the in-depth introduction to installing in Section 2.2 page 24. How much available space do I need for Linux? You will get by with about 380 MB, but we recommend approx. 1 GB. If you want to install everything, you will need over 4 GB. I need more space for Linux ­ how can I integrate another hard drive? In a Linux-system you can integrate hard drives or a free partition at any time, in order to make more space available. If you need more space in /opt, for instance, you could "mount" an additional hard drive there. The exact procedure is as follows: 1. Insert hard drive, and then start Linux. 2. Login as user `root'. 3. Using fdisk, partition the new hard drive, e. g. as /dev/hdb1 4. Format this partition with the command mke2fs /dev/hdb1 5. Enter the following commands: earth: # cd /opt earth:/opt # mkdir /opt2 earth:/opt # mount /dev/hdb1 /opt2 earth:/opt # tar cSpf - . | (cd /opt2 ; tar xvSpf - ) In doing this, you may get an error message, "broken pipe", but this is normal here. You should still check to see if all the files have been copied. Then you can "throw away" the old directory and create a new, empty Mountpoint: 481 F. SuSE Linux-FAQ earth:/opt # mv /opt /opt.old earth:/opt # mkdir /opt Now you should also add an entry in /etc/fstab for the new partition with an Editor; one possible solution is shown in the File contents F.0.1. /dev/hda3 / ext2 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/hdb1 /opt ext2 defaults 1 2 File contents F.0.1: extract from /etc/fstab: additional partitions Then you must shut the computer down and reboot. 6. When the computer has been rebooted, make sure, with the command mount, that /dev/hdb1 really was inserted into /opt. If everything is working as it should, you can now remove the old files in /opt.old: earth: # cd / earth:/ # rm -fr opt.old I have compiled a kernel by mistake. How can I retrieve the original SuSE-Kernel? You should proceed as described in the handbook in Section 3.6.2 page 92. I would like to remove Linux, how do I do this? Delete the Linux partitions with the command fdisk; you may need to run fdisk in Linux (the Linux version of fdisk). Then you should boot from the MS-DOS floppy and enter the command fdisk /mbr in DOS or Windows. In YaST the menu item `base network configuration' cannot be selected. During the installation you specified that you would like to run the computer as a "DHCP client". In this case the network configuration is performed by the DHCP server. If you do not want this (this is the standard case), start YaST, and in the menu `network configuration/DHCP Client' select `No'. Then you can return to the menu `Base network con- figuration'. My computer doesn't seem to react any more. Can I just press the reset button, without worrying? If your computer no longer reacts to the mouse or keyboard, this does not necessarily mean that the entire computer has crashed. It may be the case that just a single program has blocked the mouse and keyboards, and that all other programs continue to run normally. If the computer is accessible from outside (serial terminal, network), you can login, and close the program causing the trouble with killall program name. If you do not have this option 482 F. SuSE Linux-FAQ you can try, using Ctrl + Alt + F2 , to switch to a different console, and to end the process which is stuck from there. If the computer does not react to any key input, wait until there has been no hard drive activity for at least 10 seconds, and then you can press the reset button. Why does Linux seem to consume my entire RAM? Let's take a look at the output of the command free -t: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 127800 94312 33488 11196 22324 46104 -/+ buffers/cache: 25884 101916 Swap: 136544 832 135712 Total: 264344 95144 169200 It appears as if only 33488 kB memory is available (Mem/free). This is, however, only the "unused" memory. All the RAM not used by programs serves as a hard drive cache, in this example, 46104 kB (Mem/cached). The entry shared refers to memory which is used together by a number of programs and libraries. (here 11196 kB). The free memory is the value which is shown in -/+ buffers/cache and free, here, 101916 kB. There is still approx. 165 MB of virtual memory available, however. What is a mirror? Why shouldn't I just download things from ftp. suse.com? Since there are many users downloading from the server at the same time, it would soon become overloaded. For this reason there are a number of ftp servers containing a "mirror-image"of the SuSE server. Such servers are therefore referred to as "Mirrors". You should choose the server nearest in physical location (i.e. in your own country) to facilitate faster download times. A list of such mirrors is available, for instance, at: http://www. suse.de/en/support/download/ftp/index.html. What sort of directories are /var, /etc, /bin, etc.? Linux has ­ like every other kind of Unix ­ a directory tree which in certain aspects is uniform, whatever the system. These directories may not be deleted or moved. As a user you should only work in your home directory. There is more information on system directories in Chapter C page 467. How can I display, edit, move, copy or delete files? You can either use the standard Linux "shell tools", as explained in Chapter 19 page 427, or you can use the program mc in a text console, (a clone of a well-known DOS/Windows tool), and on a desktop (in X Windows mode) you need to open a terminal (with Alt + F2 , and then enter xterm); then just type mc. 483 F. SuSE Linux-FAQ How can I read my DOS files? Refer to Chapter 19 page 427 in the handbook. I cannot find any .exe files. Where have all the programs gone? In Linux, executable files normally have no file extensions. Most programs are located in /usr/bin and /usr/X11R6/bin. How can I recognize executable files? With the command ls -l /usr/bin, for instance, all files in the directory /usr/bin which can be executed are displayed in red. They can also be identified by the "x" in the permissions list (at the left of the line): -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 64412 Jul 23 15:23 /usr/bin/ftp In the KDE file manager (kfm) an executable file can be seen by the cog- wheel symbol. 484 Appendix G The GNU General Public License GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software­to make sure the software is free for all its users. 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We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a no- tice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. 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If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free soft- 488 G. The GNU General Public License ware distribution system, which is implemented by public license prac- tices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent ap- plication of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain coun- tries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit ge- ographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distri- bution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Soft- ware Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EX- TENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTH- ERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 489 G. The GNU General Public License 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDIS- TRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUD- ING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. < one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) 19yy < name of author> This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Soft- ware Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABIL- ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appro- priate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use 490 G. The GNU General Public License may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items­whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. < signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. 491 G. The GNU General Public License 492 Appendix H Support and services In the course of the past few years we have become aware that, when installing Linux, certain problems keep on occurring, even though they are becoming less and less frequent, and despite all the progress in development Linux has made. Many of the solutions to these problems have made their way into this book, to spare you, dear reader, a weekend waiting in exasperation for the telephone hotline on Monday afternoon, before being able to continue installing your system with its help. If you encounter a problem, please make sure the solution has not already been mentioned in this book or in our support data base 1 before contacting our support team. In addition, you will find many answers in the README files on the first CD. H.1 60-Day Installation Support H.1.1 No Installation Support Unless You Register! In order to be able to guarantee you the best possible installation support (I- Support), only enquiries from registered SuSE Linux users will be answered. On the first page of this handbook you will find a registration card containing your registration code. This code is unique, and serves to verify that you have a genuine SuSE Linux in front of you. If you send in your registration card or register via our WWW server, Registration http://www.suse.com/Customer/index.html card you will become a registered SuSE Linux user, entitled to installation support, Online amongst other things. Since this code is product based, we request that you register every SuSE Linux product you purchase, even if it is an update or if you purchased SuSE Linux directly from us. You will not be automatically registered when you buy the product! H.1.2 Extent of Our Installation Support Our installation support is intended as an assistance in getting your basic SuSE Linux system up and running. This includes: 1 the details are covered in Section H.6 page 499 493 H. Support and Services of SuSE GmbH * installing SuSE Linux from CD * basic configuration of a standalone machine * basic configuration of the X11 GUI * basic configuration of a standard analog modem, to dial into the Internet (only on the client side) * basic configuration of a standard ISDN card, to dial into the Internet (only on the client side) * configuration of local printer services for a standalone machine * basic setting up of a supported sound card. Any topics not mentioned here will not be handled by Installation Sup- port. Such enquiries will not be answered. The configuration of the system ­ as far as Installation Support is concerned ­ has to be done with YaST, or other means recommended by the manual. Our installation support is intended as a help in getting your basic system installed, not as a training course or an introduction to Linux. It can only be used, therefore, for configuration problems, but not for general questions. However, we are sometimes faced with the situation that SuSE Linux will, for example, not run at all, or only with limitations, with a specific hardware configuration. We hope you will understand that we cannot give you a 100% guarantee of success concerning our installation support. Besides the basic Linux kernel system, we offer over 1000 (currently, approx. 1300) software packages on our SuSE Linux CD. We try to keep these pack- ages up to date, but it is not possible for us to know each and every package's documentation, nor to program additional features. Please understand this when we refer you to the supplied information (manpages, README files and online help). H.2 The Fastest Way to Get Help! This is intended as a short guide to enable you to get an answer from our support team as quickly as possible. Only e-mails which comply with this standard can be processed automatically by our support management system, and thus, as fast as possible. All other enquiries need to be first sorted by hand, and then distributed to individual supporters before they can be pro- cessed. * Please register your SuSE Linux online in our Web pages at the address: http://www.suse.de/e/register.html * Write an electronic mail as shown in File contents H.2.1 on the facing page, directly to the address support@suse.com . Make sure you differentiate between upper and lower case when giving customer data. Only then can your electronic mail be processed automatically. Please leave fields such as COMPANY: empty if you do not need them. * Do not use any unnecessary attachments (such as business cards in X- VCARD format), and if you need to insert configuration files, for ex- ample, do this directly into the enquiry, in ASCII format. (see file con- tents H.2.2). 494 H.2. The Fastest Way to Get Help! FIRST NAME: Honeydew SURNAME: Dr. Bunsenburner COMPANY: Muppetshow (Laboratory) ADDRESS: Sesamstr. 4711 CITY: Timbuktu COUNTRY: Germany REGCODE: XXXXXX EMAIL: bunsen@nowhere.de Dear SuSE Support Team, I have a small problem here in my Muppet Laboratory. After installation of the SuSE Linux 6.4 the error message appears after booting the kernel: "Unable to open an initial console" I have a Pentium 400 with 128 MB RAM and an 8 GB IDE hard drive. What am I doing wrong? Yours Sincerely, Dr. Honeydew Bunsenburner File contents H.2.1: Example of an electronic mail enquiry ... have a problem with Lilo. Here is the relevant part of my /etc/lilo.conf ---cut--- # Linux bootable partition config begins image = /boot/vmlinuz root = /dev/sda2 label = linux-2.0.36 # Linux bootable partition config ends ---cut--- File contents H.2.2: Part of an e-mail enquiry with configuration file 495 H. Support and Services of SuSE GmbH Duration of Installation Support The duration of installation support is restricted to 60 days from the day of purchase, and no longer than 60 days after the following release. H.2.1 How Can I Reach the SuSE-Support Team? You can reach our support team via e-mail, fax, letter or telephone; if you come to us with a support question, please make sure that your chosen means of communication is working properly. We frequently experience cases where we can only answer support queries with great difficulty, because, for example, the fax machine at the customer's end is not always running (fax software), or the electronic mail address is invalid or unreachable. When sending electronic mails, please don't send any attachments; if you want to include logfiles, for example, insert these directly into the text. You should especially avoid sending files in proprietary formats of your mail system ­ we generally do not have software available to decode such messages. It is also not necessary for you to send us HTML texts; this "feature" can easily be turned off in your browser . . . You can reach our support team in the following ways, at the times specified: * electronic mail address: isupport@suse.de address: isupport@suse.com processing: every day * Fax Fax: (09 11) 74 05 34 77 Fax: (USA) +1-510-628-3381 processing: every day * Post address: SuSE GmbH ­ Support ­ Schanz¨ackerstr. 10 D-90443 N¨urnberg processing: every day 496 H.3. SuSE Professional Services * Telephone (Support Hotline) phone: (09 11) 7 40 53 30 phone:(UK) +0845-025-0010 phone:(USA) +1-510-628-3380 Opening times of the Support Hotlines: Mondays and Thursdays from 13:00 to 18:00 - Europe (CET) from 12:00 to 17:00 - UK (DST) from 9:00 to 15:00 - USA (PST) Have your registration code at hand, and make sure that you are already registered. Only registered SuSE Linux users have the right to installation support. Please note that a normal telephone enquiry should not last longer than 5 minutes. As a rule, the surge of phone calls is much larger when support opens than later in the day. If you don't get through straight away to a member of the support staff at the beginning, just try again a bit later. We place a great deal of emphasis on Installation Support, but you must realize that we cannot take on the administration of your company network for the price of a SuSE Linux-distribution, so we refer you to: http://www.suse.de/en/support/ H.3 SuSE Professional Services Even if an operating system comes with all the necessary facilities: it will only be a viable alternative for use in the corporate environment in combina- tion with professional and qualified support services. SuSE guarantees this kind of service for Linux. Our support- and development-team is not just responsible for installation support, included in the purchase of the package. Our experts' unique Linux know-how comes into its own when it is required to support the implementation of complex solutions. Whether it is a matter of training, installation or configuration of hard and software or individual service and support contracts - how can we help you? Our Service Team is at your disposal. Contact: cost-effective Support Do you have further questions about our services? * Telephone Number: (09 11) 740 53 56 from Monday to Friday 09h00 to 17h00 * electronic mail Address: bsupport@suse.de 497 H. Support and Services of SuSE GmbH * Fax Number: (09 11) 320 67 27 * Post Address: SuSE GmbH ­ Professional Services ­ Schanz¨ackerstr. 10 D-90443 N¨urnberg * WWW URL: http://www.suse.de/en/support/ prof/ H.3.1 Individual Projects and Consulting You'd like to use SuSE Linux at your place of business. We offer competent consultation and answers so that you can optimize the performance of Linux in your field of computing. We have a large amount of experience in the deployment of Linux-Servers because we've been dealing with Linux since the early days. This is where the experience of our consultants come into play; you can use the know-how of our experts to succesfully realize your projects. Our strength lies in our versatility; Databases, security issues, Inter- net connection or company-wide networks, Linux is, with the right software, a powerful platform for your applications. Our offer ranges from the con- ception, implementation and configuration of server systems to a complete infrastructure consultation. You'd like, for instance, your Internet presence realized on a SuSE Linux basis and are therefore looking for web server, e-mail and secure server solutions? Our consultants help you to conceptual- ize and implement the right solution. Do you have a complex heterogenous network in which you'd like to integrate Linux? We offer consultation and support by the design and rollout of complex server solutions. Do you have special requirements or needs that aren't fulfilled by standard software? We could help you with individual development. On-site support from one of our Regional Service Centers is included, we have Service Centers in Hamburg, Bonn, Stuttgart, Frankfurt and Munich, as well as our Support and Develop- ment Center in Nuremberg. * Rollout and Implementation Services * Infra-structure Consultation * Intranet-Server Solutions * Internet-Server Solutions * Development of client-specific requirements * Complete Solutions * E-Commerce H.4 Training Training Our specialists train system administrators and programmers in such a way that they are able to make use of the wide range of possibilities in Linux as quickly as possible ­ and thus be able to work productively. For more information on a training courses, have a look at http://www.suse.de/ en/support/training/. 498 H.5. Feedback H.5 Feedback We always appreciate your tips, hints and problem descriptions. We will help you if your problem is a straightforward one, or if we already have the solution at hand. Your feedback may provide us with useful information to help us avoid this problem in our next release, thus helping other SuSE Linux customers via our WWW server or the Support DataBase. We always make every effort to customize our SuSE Linux products to the wishes and ideas of our customers. We therefore much appreciate any criticism of our CD or of this book. We think that this the best way to correct significant errors and to maintain our high standard of quality. Send feedback any time to feedback@suse.de via electronic mail, or you can send us a letter or fax. H.6 Further Services We would also like to draw your attention to our services that are available around the clock, free of charge: * SuSE WWW Server http://www.suse.com * SuSE mailing lists (information and discussions via electronic mail): ­ urlsuse-announce-e@suse.com ­ announcements concerning SuSE Linux (English) ­ suse-announce@suse.com ­ announcements concerning SuSE Linux (German) ­ suse-linux-e@suse.com ­ all about SuSE Linux (English) ­ suse-linux@suse.com ­ all about SuSE Linux (German) ­ suse-axp@suse.com ­ SuSE Linux on Alpha processors (En- glish) ­ suse-isdn@suse.com ­ ISDN and SuSE Linux (mainly in Ger- man) ­ suse-applix@suse.com ­ the Applixware office suite (mainly in German) ­ suse-adabas@suse.com ­ about Adabas D (mainly in German) ­ suse-informix@suse.com ­ about Informix (mainly in Ger- man) ­ suse-oracle@suse.com ­ information and discussion on Oracle in SuSE Linux (English) To subscribe to any of these lists send an electronic mail message to majordomo@suse.de with subscribe in the body. The subject does not count. For example: subscribe suse-announce-e 499 H. Support and Services of SuSE GmbH to receive all announcements. To unsubscribe from a list, write another electronic mail message to majordomo@suse.de, this time with the body: unsubscribe suse-announce-e Please note that unsubscribe has to be sent from the same electronic mail account from which you subscribed. * SuSE's FTP site ftp://ftp.suse.com For the latest information, updates and bug fixes Login as `ftp'. 500 Bibliography [Alm94] ALMESBERGER, Werner: LILO User's guide, 1994. ­ (see file /usr/doc/lilo/ user.dvi) [Bai97] BAILEY, Edward C.: Maximum RPM. Red Hat, 1997. ­ (ISBN 1-888172-78-9) [CAR93] COSTALES, Bryan ; ALLMAN, Eric ; RICKERT, Neil: sendmail. O'Reilly & Asso- ciates, Inc., 1993. ­ (ISBN 1-56592-056-2) [CB96] CHESWICK, William R. ; BELLOVIN, Steven M.: Firewalls und Sicherheit im In- ternet. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1996. ­ (ISBN 3-89319-875-x) [CR91] CAMERON, Debra ; ROSENBLATT, Bill: Learning GNU Emacs. O'Reilly & Asso- ciates, Inc., 1991. ­ (ISBN 0 937175-84-6) [CZ96] CHAPMAN ; ZWICKY: Einrichten von Internet Firewalls. Sicherheit im Internet gew¨ahrleisten.. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1996. ­ (ISBN 3-930673312) [Daw95] DAWSON, Terry: Linux NET-2/NET-3 HOWTO, v2.8, 07 Jan 1995. ­ (see file /usr/doc/howto/NET-2-HOWTO) [FCR93] FANG, Chin ; CROSSON, Bob ; RAYMOND, Eric S.: The Hitchhiker's Guide to X386/XFree86 Video Timing (or, Tweaking your Monitor for Fun and Profit), 1993. ­ (see file /usr/X11/lib/X11/doc/VideoModes.doc) [Fri93] FRISCH, Æleen: Essential System Administration. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1993. ­ (ISBN 0-937175-80-3) [Gil92] GILLY, Daniel: UNIX in a nutshell: System V Edition. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1992. ­ (ISBN 1-56592-001-5) [GMS93] GOOSSENS, Michel ; MITTELBACH, Frank ; SAMARIN, Alexander: The LATEX Companion. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1993. ­ (ISBN 3-54199-8) [Gri94] GRIEGER, W.: Wer hat Angst vorm Emacs?. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1994. ­ (ISBN 3-89319-620-X) [GS93] GARFINKEL, Simson ; SPAFFORD, Gene: Practical UNIX Security. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1993. ­ (ISBN 0-937175-72-2) [Her92] HEROLD, H.: UNIX Grundlagen. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1992. ­ (ISBN 3-89319- 542-8) [HHMK96]HETZE, Sebastian ; HOHNDEL, Dirk ; M ¨ULLER, Martin ; KIRCH, Olaf: Linux Anwenderhandbuch. 6. LunetIX Softfair, 1996. ­ (ISBN 3-929764-05-9) [Hof97] HOFFMANN, Erwin: EMail-Gateway mit qmail. In: iX 12 (1997), S. 108ff [Hun95] HUNT, Craig: TCP/IP Netzwerk Administration. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. ­ (ISBN 3-930673-02-9) [Kie95] KIENLE, Micheal: TIS: Toolkit f¨ur anwendungsorientierte Firewall-Systeme. In: iX 8 (1995), S. 140ff 501 Bibliography [Kir95] KIRCH, Olaf: LINUX Network Administrator's Guide. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. ­ (ISBN 1-56592-087-2) [Kof95] KOFLER, M.: Linux. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1995. ­ (ISBN 3-89319-796-6) [Kop94] KOPKA, Helmut: LATEX-Einf¨uhrung. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1994. ­ (ISBN 3- 89319-664-1) [Kun95] KUNITZ, Ulrich: Sicherheit fast kostenlos: Einrichtung eines kostenlosen Firewall- Systems. In: iX 9 (1995), S. 176ff [Lam90] LAMB, Linda: Learning the vi Editor. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1990. ­ (ISBN 0-937175-67-6) [Lam94] LAMPORT, Leslie: LATEX User's Guide and Reference Manual. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1994. ­ (ISBN 0-201-52983-1) [Lef96a] LEFFLER, Sam: HylaFAX Home Page, 1996 [Lef96b] LEFFLER, Sam: TIFF Software, 1996 [OT92] O'REILLY, Tim ; TODINO, Grace: Manging UUCP and Usenet. O'Reilly & Asso- ciates, Inc., 1992. ­ (ISBN 0-937175-93-5) [Per94] PERLMAN, G.: Unix For Software Developers. Prentice-Hall, 1994. ­ (ISBN 13- 932997-8) [Pug94] PUGH, K.: UNIX For The MS-DOS User. Prentice-Hall, 1994. ­ (ISBN 13-146077- 3) [SB92] SCHOONOVER, M. ; BOWIE, J.: GNU Emacs. Addison Wesley GmbH, 1992. ­ (ISBN 0-201-56345-2) [Sch98] SCHEIDERER, J¨urgen: Sicherheit Kostenlos - Firewall mit Linux. In: iX 12 (1998) [Sto98] STOLL, Clifford: Kuckucksei; Die Jagd auf die deutschen Hacker, die das Pentagon knackten. Fischer-TB.-Vlg., 1998. ­ (ISBN 3596139848) [The96] THE XFREE86TM-TEAM: XF86Config(4/5) - Configuration File for Xfree86TM, 1996. ­ Manual-Page zu XFree86TM [TSP93] TODINO, Grace ; STRANG, John ; PEEK, Jerry: Learning the UNIX operating system. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1993. ­ (ISBN 1-56592-060-0) [Wel94] WELSH, Matt: Linux Installation and Getting Started. 2. S.u.S.E. GmbH, 1994. ­ (ISBN 3-930419-03-3) [WK95] WELSH, Matt ; KAUFMAN, Lars: Running Linux. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. ­ (ISBN 1-56592-100-3) 502 Index Symbols features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 adding -probeonly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 XFree86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 3 users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 .susefaxrc X Window System . . . . . . . . . 2 adding mouse . . . . see YaST2, SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 39 adding mouse .susephone YaST administration SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 during installation . . . . . . 29 user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 .tar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 1024 cylinders YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 .tar.gz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 LILO problems . . . . . . . 122 ADSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 .tgz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 1TR6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Advanced Power Management /etc/conf.modules 315 3COM 3c501 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 see APM /etc/fstab . . . . . . . . . . . 82 3COM 3c503 . . . . . . . 331, 337 AdvanSys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 /etc/inittab . . . . . . . 391 3COM 3c505 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 afterstep . . . . . . . . . . . 231, 246 /etc/modules.conf 315 3COM 3c507 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 afterstep . . . . . . . 233, 246 /etc/ppp/ppp-down . . 170, 171 3COM 3c509 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 AfterStep . 229, 233, 242, 246 /etc/printcap . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 3COM 3c515 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 aic7xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 /etc/rc.config . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 3COM 3c579 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 AIRCOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 /etc/rc.config . . . . 101 3COM 3c590 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 /etc/rc.config . . . . 396 3COM 3c900 . . . . . . . . . . . 337 alien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 /etc/securetty . . . . 359 3Com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Alien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 /etc/security/undo harden suse.pl 3dpixm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 allman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 416 3dpixms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 /sbin/SuSEconfig . x, 395, 396 AM53/79C974 . . . . . . . . . . 326 /sbin/init . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 A AMD 53/79C974 . . . . . . . . 326 /sbin/init.d/rc . . . . . . . . . . . 393 a2ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 AMD Athlon / Intel Pentium /sbin/init.d/rpc . . . . . . . . . . 146 aaa base . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 /usr/sbin/harden suse . . . . 416 Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 AmigaOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 /var/lib/apsfilter/SETUP . 298 acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . 7 Andrew Tridgell . . . . . . . . 197 Applixware . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Acronym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Applixware . . . . . 59, 60, 359 Adabas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 apache . . . . . . 365, 383, 413 reboot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Adabas D . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 497 Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Adaptec APM . . . see PCMCIA, APM, LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 AHA-152x/151x/1505 325, 285 /opt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 336 select kernel . . . . . . . . . . . 34 /etc/host.conf . . . . 399 AHA-154x . . . . . . . . . . . 325 apmd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282, 286 /etc/hosts . . . . . . . . . . 398 AHA-274x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 apmd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286, 287 /etc/resolv.conf . . 399 AHA-284x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Apple Macintosh System 7 . . . RPM (rpm) . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 AHA-294x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 454 kdm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Adaptec 2920 . . . . . . 327, 336 applications xdm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Adaptive Answer Support configuration files . . . . . 250 SuSE Linux HylaFAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Applix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 503 Index aps . . . . . . 292, 297, 298, 309 sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 CD damaged . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 apsfilter . . . . . viii, 90, 91, 292, boot disk . . . . . . . 25, 104, 107 CD live system . . . . . . . . . . . 96 296­303, 309, 310 create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 CD-ROM checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 create using setup . . . . . . 50 ATAPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 configuration . . . . . 298, 301 creating with dd . . . . . . . . 51 Aztech . . . . . . . . . . 333, 342 network printer . . . . . . . 302 creating with rawrite . . . . 51 EIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 printer queues . . . . . . . . . 297 creating with setup . . . . . 51 Goldstar . . . . . . . . . 333, 342 apsfilterrc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 boot sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Mitsumi . . . . . . . . . 333, 342 Arcad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 boot.local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Mitsumi FX-001(D) . . 333, archiving data . . . . . . . . . . . 432 boot.sys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 342 arena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 403 booting . . . . . . . 391, 424, 471 Mitsumi Multisession . 333, Argus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 base-Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 342 Arkeia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 bootmanager . . . . . . . . . . 105 Mozart . . . . . . . . . . 333, 343 AT1700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Optics Storage . . . 334, 343 ATAPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 from CD2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Panasonic . . . . . . . . 334, 344 ATAPI CD-ROM hangs . . . 53 from disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Philips CM206 . . . 334, 343 atd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 initial ramdisk . . . . . . . . 373 Sanyo . . . . . . . . . . . 334, 343 authentication . . . . . . . . . . . 362 methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Sony CDU31A . . . 334, 343 autoexec.bat . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 root partition . . . . . . . . . . 324 Sony CDU33A . . . 334, 343 autofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 starting via loadlin . . . . 125 Sony CDU535 . . . . 334, 344 autofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Booting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 SoundBlaster Pro 16 . . . 344 automounter . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 bootmanager CD-ROM drive AVM Fritz boot.sys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 hangs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 XPCDr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 AVM-B1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 OS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 parallel port . see hardware, awk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Windows NT . . . . . . . . . 105 parallel port Aztech CD-ROM . . . . . . . . 342 bootmenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 CD-ROM Drive . . . . . . . . . 450 bowman . . . . . . . . . . . 231, 246 CD-ROM drives B Bowman . . . . . . 229, 242, 246 support by Linux . . . . . . . 52 background picture . . . . . . 242 BSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 CD-ROM drives hangs . . . . 54 Background process . . . . . 449 bttv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 CD-ROM-Laufwerk backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 am Parallelport . . . . . . . . . 52 Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 CD-ROM drive hangs . . . . . 53 Base Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 bus mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 CD-ROM driver is missing 53 baseLinux BusLogic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 cdb . . . . . . . . . . 211, 309, 359 boot methods . . . . . . . . . . 45 Busmouse cde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 bash . 429, 441, 459, 468, 518 Logitech . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 CDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Bash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 buying a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 cdesim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 basic commands . . . . . . . . 427 cdesim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 bin/faxrcvd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 C CDEsim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 bind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138, 422 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 CERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 bind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 cable modems . . . . . . . . . . 161 change hostname . . . . . . . . . 95 binutils . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Cabletron E21xx . . . . . . . . 338 change job parameters BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Cabletron E21XX . . . . . . . 331 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 bitmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 CardBus . . . . . . see hardware, changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 CardBus chat . . 149, 150, 169, 170, 172 boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 cardctl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 additional systems . . . . . 105 Cardmanager . . 278, 283, 284 chmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 booting DOS . . . . . . . . . 104 cardmgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Chris Mason . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 cardmgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 chroot environment . . . . . . . 82 disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 clock chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 CMOS setup . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Coherent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 504 Index color depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 creating device section . . . . . . . . . . . 225 colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 devices colortbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 cron . . . . . . . . . . 389, 405, 415 floppy drive . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 cron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x, 389 IDE hard drive . . . . . . . . 465 command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Cron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 SCSI hard drive . . . . . . . 465 df . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 cron daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 df . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 cron.daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 dhclient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 crontab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 dhclient . . . . . . . . . 96, 365 kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161, 402 ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 ctwm . . . . . . . . . 231, 246, 469 client configuration . . . . . 96 pstree . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Ctwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229, 246 dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 curses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 diald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175, 401 ulimit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 curses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 curses . . . . . . . . . . . . . x, 389 Digital DEPCA . . . . . . . . . 338 Command line . . . . . . . . . . 450 cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Digital Research . . . . . . . . 454 command not found . . . . . 406 Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 directories commands . . . . see commands cut-and-paste . . . . . . . . . . . 478 important . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Cyberscheduler Software . . 60 Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Compaq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Cygnus Source-Navigator . 60 directory compiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Cyrix see processor, Cyrix 686 change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 conf.modules . . . . . . . . . . . . see creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 modules.conf D remove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 conf.modules . . . . . . . 315 D-Link DE620 . . . . . . . . . . 342 directory tree . . . . . . . . . . . 463 config.sys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 daemon Dirk Hohndel . . . . . . . . . . . 207 configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 named . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 disk drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 changing . . . . . . . . . . 84, 395 nntpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . 458, 460 e-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 nscd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176, 400 installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 routed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 DNS domain . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 rwhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 doc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 net time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 docbkdsl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 data backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 DocBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 database dochost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 X11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 218 PostgreSQL . . . . . . . . . . 360 dochost . . . . . . . . . 383, 384 configuration file . . . . . . . . 396 DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 documentation . . . . . . . . 5, 382 configuration files . . . . . . . 137 DCF77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 documentation server . . 402 configure XFree . . . . . . . . . 101 de-fragmenting . . . . . . . . . . 478 read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 configuring system security . . DE203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 docview 101 DE204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 connecting a modem . . . . . 162 DE205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 DEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 domain name . . . . . . . . . . . 134 virtual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 defrag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 50 DOS Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Denial of Service . . . . . . . . 414 assigning Linux partitions . . consoles depmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 49 virtual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 desktop bootmenu . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 core files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 background . . . . . . . . . . . 242 creating Linux partitions 49 Corel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 DOS commands . . see mtools cp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 configuration . . . . . . . . . 250 DOS disks CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 access in Linux . . . . . . . 441 crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 DOS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see crash course . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Windows 95/98 CRC device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 DOS setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 drive label has changed . . . 56 505 Index Drivespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 FAT32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Filesystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 DSS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Fax filesystems du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Hylafax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 assign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Duesentrieb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 fax cover filter dummy device . . . . . . . . . . 399 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 apsfilter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 fax server apsfilter-configuration . 298 dumpe2fs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 HylaFAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 printer filter . . . . . . 295, 296 dvips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 fax cover find . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387, 431 DyDe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 finger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 dynamic IP addresses . . . . 399 fax send at fips . . . 24, 31, 47­49, 56, 479 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 fips.exe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 E fax2ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . 173, 478 e-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 176 faxcover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Application Level firewalls . configuration . . . . . . . . . 176 faxcover . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 420 E-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 FaxCovergen.class . . . . . . 189 packet filter firewall . . . 418 e2fsck . . . . . . . . 385, 387, 388 FaxCovergen.class firewall . . . . . . . . 416, 418 manpage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 2fsck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 faxgetty . . . . . . . 191, 194, 195 firewals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Eagle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 faxmodem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 first-time installation . . . . . . 24 Eberhard Moenkeberg . . . . . 7 faxprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 creating a user . . . . . . . . . 21 Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 faxq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 getting ready . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Editors faxsetup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 installing packages . . . . . 32 vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 fdformat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 installing software . . . . . . 32 editres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 fdisk . . . . 48, 49, 65, 107, 114, network configuration . . 36 EIDE chipsets . . . . . . . . . . 329 115, 119, 120, 385, 387, requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ELF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 388 selecting software . . . . . . 18 emacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 FEATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 setting up the boot manager emacs . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5, 452 fetchnews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 19 Emacs . . . . . . . . 2, 5, 180, 360 fhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363, 373 starting point . . . . . . . . . . . 24 emergency system . . . . . . . 385 FIFO file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 welcome screen . . . . . . . . 14 emm386.exe . . . . . . 40, 44, 45 file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 with YaST2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 emu10k1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 YaST2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 First-time installation Enlightenment . . . . . . . . . . 231 file attributes . . . 428, 430, 433 fixing the root password . 36 entry editor file permissions . . . . . . . . . 405 floppy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 file system floppy disk drives . . . . . . . . see Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 FHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 hardware, floppy disk Environment variable . . . . 452 TeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 drives Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 File Transfer Protocol . . . . 190 Florian La Roche . . . . . . . . . . 7 EtherTeam 16i/32 . . . . . . . 340 files . . . . . . . . . . . 225, 428, 430 Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Eumex 322 PCi . . . . . . . . . 167 commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Eumex 404 PC . . . . . . . . . . 167 copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 form fax ex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445, 446 delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 explanation of commands 434 devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 create form fax list exporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 grepping . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 EXT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 hidden . . . . . . . . . . . 430, 468 formatting extended partitions . . . . . . . 79 rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 partition . . . . . see partition, external viewer searching . . . . . . . . . 87, 431 formatting SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 files not movable . . . . . . . . . 52 formatting floppy disk . . . . 51 files section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Fortify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 364 F filesystem free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 FAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 ReiserFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Free Software Foundation FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . see manuals vfat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 (FSF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 506 Index Freecom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 fvwm95 . . 231, 240, 246, 249 gv . . . . . . . . . . . . 186, 423, 505 Frequently Asked Questions . . Fvwm95 . 229, 240, 242, 244, gv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 475 246 gv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 186 fsck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 fvwm95man . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 gzip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 63 ftape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 FvwmBanner . . . . . . . . . . . 242 gzip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 ftp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95, 468 FvwmButtons . . . . . . . . . . . 240 FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 FvwmConfig . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 H anonymous FTP . . . . . . . 365 FvwmIdent . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 halt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 fvwmman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Hans Reiser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 fvwms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Harald Koenig . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 FTP server Fvwms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 hard drive setting up . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 FvwmSaveDesk . . . . . . . . . 241 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 329 ftpdir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 hard drives Fujitsu FMV-181/182/183/184 G additional . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 339 gateway . . . . . . . . . . . 135, 142 hardsuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 full text search . . . . . . . . . . 384 gateway address . . . . 135, 136 hardware fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 gcc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 AGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 function GDI printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 CardBus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 HylaFAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 GEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 function keys getty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 external modems . . . . . . 270 do not work . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Ghostscript . . 90, 91, 297, 303 floppy disk drives . . . . . 269 Future Domain . 327, 328, 336 ghostview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 integrating . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 FvmSave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Ghostview . . . . . . . . . . . 423 internal modems . . . . . . 271 fvwm 216, 231, 239­242, 246, GhostView . . . . . . . . . 186, 505 IrDA . . . . . . . . . . . . see IrDA 469, 505 GhostView . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 ISA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 fvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 glibc . . . . . . . . . . 361, 362, 385 ISA PnP . . . . . . see ISA PnP cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 glibndev . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 laptop . . . . . . . see notebook setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 glimpse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 LS120 drives . . . . . . . . . 269 icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 gnlibsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 modems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 GNOME . . . . . . . . . 1, 60, 231 notebook . . . . see notebook fvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 compiling . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 parallel port . . . . . . . . . . 267 Fvwm 229, 231, 242, 245, 246 GNU . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 389, 453 PC cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 background picture GNU C/C++ compiler . . . . . 2 PCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 GNU Emacs . . . . . . . . . . 4, 452 Plug-and-Play . . . . . . . . 394 colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 GNU zip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 plugnplay . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 gnuhtml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Goldstar CD-ROM . . 333, 342 scanners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 GPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423, 483 streamers . . . . see hardware, start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 gpm . . . . . . . 38, 209, 398, 478 tape drives fvwm1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 GPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 fvwm1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Graphical User Interface . 453 USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . see USB fvwm2 . . . . vii, 229, 231, 232, grep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387, 431 Winmodem . . . . . . . . . . . 271 239­242, 246­249, 505, group ZIP drives . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 516 administration . . . . . . . . 100 Hauppauge WIN/TV . . . . 274 fvwm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 hdparm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 configuration files . . . . . 241 gs . . . . . . 303, see Ghostscript help . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 402, 475 general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 fvwm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 GS RESOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 manual pages . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Fvwm2 . . 229, 239, 241, 242, gs x11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 help system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 244­246, 505 gsview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Hercules graphics card . . . . 91 configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 gtkndev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 hfaxd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 GUI hibernation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Fvwm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 graphical user interface 475 hidden files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 507 Index HiSax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153, 155 index of all series and configure system HOME . . . . 234, 237, 251, 302, packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 components . . . . . . . . . . 23 452, 454 inetcfg . . . . . . . . . 160, 169 configure system start . . . 19 Home directory . . . . . . . . . 454 inetd . . 36, 95, 136, 142, 179, configuring partitions . . . 64 horizontal frequency . . . . . 219 191, 400, 417, 418, 421 de-install packages . . . . 366 host.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 inf2htm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 DOS partition . . . . . . . . . . 41 alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 476 first time installation halts . . multi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 info . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 389, 506 56 nospoof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Info (info) . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 format hard drive . . . . . . . 66 order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389, 506 from a directory . . . . . . . . 76 trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Informix . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 497 from a hard drive partition . hostname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Infoviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 74 HOSTNAME . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Infra-red Data Association see from CD-ROM . . . . . . . . . 74 hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137, 138 IrDA FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 infra-red support . . . see IrDA install packages . . . . . . . 366 howto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 init . . . . . x, 191, 387, 391­394 installing packages . . . . . 38 HowTo files . . . . . see manuals scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 howtodeh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 initial installation linuxrc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 howtoenh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 boot methods . . . . . . . . . . 45 logging in . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 HP 10/100 VG-AnyLAN . 340 booting from CD2 . . . . . . 50 logging in after installation . HP PCLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 copying packages . . . . . . 41 23 HP PCLAN+ . . . . . . . . . . . 340 creating a boot disk with login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 ht://Dig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Unix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 login: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 htdig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 install loadlin . . . . . . . . . . 46 medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 htdig . . . . . . . . . . . . 383, 384 partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 HTTP server setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 setting up . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 http-rman . . . . . . . . . . 383, 402 via hard disk . . . . . . . . . . . 41 package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 httpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Windows 95/98 PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 hylafax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 DOS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 problem description . . . . 52 hylafax . . . . . . . . . 181, 189 initial ramdisk . . . . . . . . . . 373 selecting a kernel . . . . . . . 33 HylaFAX . . vi, 180, 181, 186, initrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 setting up X . . . . . . . . . . . 22 190, 190, 191, 196 SCSI driver . . . . . . . . . . . 315 size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 hyperref . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 inittab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 software selection . . . . . . 32 hypertext help . . . see susehelp inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 starting YaST . . . . . . . . . . 29 INN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 starting via loadlin . . . . 125 I inode update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 i4l . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 153, 395 density . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 96 via FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 i4ldoc . . . . . . . . . . . 153, 160 Inode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 454 via NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 i82557/i82558 . . . . . . . . . . 339 insmod . . . . . . . . 314, 315, 321 with YaST1, text-based . 24 IBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 IBM OS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 installation selecting language . . . . . . 15 IBM Thinkpad . . . . . . . . . . 332 assign filesystems . . . . . . 66 installation medium . . . . . . . 73 Icewm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 assign mount points . . . . 66 Insure++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 ICL EtherTeam . . . . . . . . . 340 base configuration . . . . . . 34 integrating keyboard . . . . . see ICN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 boot disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 YaST2, integrating icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 boot methods . . . . . . . . . . 39 keyboard identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 CD-ROM drive on parallel Intel EtherExpress 16 . . . . 339 ifconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . 387, 399 port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Intel EtherExpressPro . . . . 339 ifport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 CD-ROM drives with their Intel EtherExpressPro 100 339 imlibdev . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 own controller . . . . . . . 55 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 important keys . . . . . . . . . . 447 choose hard drive . . . . . . . 17 Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . 454, 477 importing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 configuration selection . . 32 configuring PPP . . . . . . . 163 508 Index PPP as a normal user . . 164 KDEDIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Lance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Internet Services Daemon kdehelp . . . . 23, 234, 235, 238 LANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 xinetd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 kdisplay . . . . . . . . . . . 238, 240 language Internet Super Server . . . . 417 kdm . . . 23, 97, 234­237, 239, settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 invoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 360, 501 laptop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 io controlled clocks . . . . . . 403 KDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 97, 98 latex-cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 IP address . . 76, 135, 136, 142 kdms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 latex-cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313, 476 latex-cover . . . . . . . . . 189 IP addresses compiling . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 LC * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 configuration . . . . . . . . . 316 LDAP server . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 IP forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . 399 modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 ldp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 ipchains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 321 leafnode . . 179, 180, 363, 364 IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 printer driver . . . . . . . . . . 351 leafnode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 IPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 sig11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Leafnode . . . . . . . . . . . . vi, 179 IRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 sig7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 less . . . . . . . . . 7, 387, 405, 430 irda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 libc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313, 370 IrDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 SMP-Kernel ausw¨ahlen . 34 libc5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 kernel daemon . 315, 394, 398 libcinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 ISA cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 kernel modules License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 ISA PnP configuration file . . . . . . 363 lilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 kernel panic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 components . . . . . . . . . . 106 isapnp . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256­258 kernel too big . . . . . . . . . . . 317 configuration . . . . . . . . . 108 isapnp . . . . . . 256, 258, 260 kerneld . . . . . . . . . . . . 315, 398 interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 ISAPnP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 kernmod . 92, 153, 263, 316, introduction . . . . . . . . . . 105 ISDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 364 what is it . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 configuration . . . . . . . . . 152 kernmods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 where to install . . . . . . . 107 YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 LILO . i, iv, 19, 20, 22, 33, 34, ISDN terminal adapter . . . 166 CapsLock . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 40, 59, 80, 92­95, isdn4linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 103­108, 110­125, 282, isdn4linux . . . . . . . . . . 152 map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 315, 318, 321, 323, 335, isdnctrl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 NumLock . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 336, 357­359, 361, 374, isdnlog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 repeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 375, 377, 380, 392, 393, ISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 keyboard section . . . . . . . . 225 411, 455, 468, 501­503, ISP16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333, 343 keymap wrong in DOS-mode . 506, 515, 516, 518 53 boot disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 J kfm . . . . . . 234, 237, 238, 482 booting DOS . . . . . . . . . 120 jade dsl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 booting DOS and OS/2 120 Job (Fax-) kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 booting OS/2 . . . . . 119, 120 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 kmid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 booting Windows NT . . 118 job ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 kmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 DOS/boot Win 95/98 . . 117 job parameters Kmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268, 315 installation . . . . . . . . . . . 114 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 knfsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 321 job priority knfsd . . . . . . . . . . . . 363, 401 problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 kpanel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 1024 cylinders . . . . . . . . . 122 john . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 KPanel . . . . . . . . . . . . 237, 238 diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 jurix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 krpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 kernel from 2.0 onwards 123 kvt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 start messages . . . . . . . . . 121 K kwm . . . . . . . . . . 231, 234, 246 sample configurations . 117 kardinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 kbatmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 L lilo.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 KDE . . . . 1, 60, 164, 229, 231, LAN . . . . . . . . . . 133, 208, 455 link 232, 234, 359, 371, 476 Lan Manager . . . . . . . . . . . 439 symbolic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 KDE Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . 231 LAN Manager . . . . . . . . . . 197 Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 509 Index Linus Torvalds . . . . . . . . 1, 4, 9 ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428, 468 mdel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 LS120 drives . . see hardware, mdir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 457 LS120 drives memory start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 LSB see Linux Standard Base full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 lsmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 not recognized . . . . . . . . 324 Linux Documentation Project LUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 protect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 383 lx suse . . . 7, 153, 263, 313 reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Linux Standard Base . . . . 373 lynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 403 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Linux Training . . . . . . . . . . 496 memory check . . . . . . . . . . 323 linuxrc . . . ii, 8, 24­28, 43, 44, M Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 47, 50, 284, 356, 357, m4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 mformat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 374­379, 381, 382, 386, MacOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 mgetty . . . . . . . . 180, 194, 195 387 MAD16 . . . . . . . . . . . 333, 343 mgetty . . . . . . . . . . . 181, 194 Linuxrc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 134 mail server Microsoft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 live filesystem . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Postfix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Midnight Commander . . . 370 live system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 mailserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 MIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 ln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Main memory . . . . . . . . . . . 455 minicom . . 162, 171, 359, 360 loading a new version . . . . 362 main menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Miro PC/TV . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 loadlin . . ii, 39, 40, 44­47, 55, make menuconfig . . . . . . . 316 MIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 56, 59, 103, 105, 122, 124, make zImage . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Mitsumi CD-ROM . . 333, 342 125, 127, 130, 257, 323, makemap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Mitsumi FX-001(D) 333, 342 357, 374, 375, 379 makewhat . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 mke2fs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Loadlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 makewhatis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 mkfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Loadlin doesnt start . . . 55, 56 man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 mknod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 loadlin.exe . . . . . . . . 7, 45, 375 man chroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 mksusewmrc . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Man in the Middle attacks 413 mkswap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Local Area Network see LAN man lpr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 mlabel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 locale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 management Mlvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 locate . . . . . . . . . 389, 404, 405 user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 mmd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 log files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 manpage . . see manual pages, modeline . . . . . . . . . . . 225, 228 logging in . . . . . . . . . . 423, 475 434 modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 logical partitions . . . . . . . . . 79 manpages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 89 Logical Volume Manager . 82 index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 too loud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 login . . . . . . . . . . 404, 418, 475 Manpages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 modprobe . 314, 315, 321, 335 login shell . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 MANPATH . . . . . . . . . 365, 453 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 321 PAM . . . . . . . . . . . . 362, 365 manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Login manual pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 manuals handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 login: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Logitech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 HowTo files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Logitech Busmouse . . . . . 333 README files . . . . . . . . . . 6 modules.conf . . . . . . . . . . . 363 logout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 manyfaqs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 modules.conf . . . . . . . 315 logsurfer . . . . . . . . . . . 416, 417 masquerading . . . . . . 173, 478 monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 IP forwarding . . . . . . . . . 399 monitor section . . . . . . . . . 225 lpc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293, 294 Mass storage media . . . . . 455 monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 lpd . . 294, 296, 302, 402, 512 mattrib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 lpd(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 MBR . . . 104, 107, see Master mount . . . 145, 269, 270, 387, lpq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Boot Record, 455 440, 457 lpr . . . . . . . . . . . . 293, 296, 423 seeMaster Boot Record 103 Mount point . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 lpr(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 mc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 mountd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 lprm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 mc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 lprold . . . . . . 292, 302, 310 mcd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 mountpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 lprsetup . . . . . . . . . 91, 297 mcopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 510 Index Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 NE2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 EtherTeam 16i/32 . . . . . 340 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 89 net tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 EtherWORKS 3 . . . . . . . 339 doesnt react . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 NetBEUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Fujitsu HiTablet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 NetBIOS . . . . . . . . . . . 197, 198 FMV-181/182/183/184 . . Logitech . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 netcfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 339 Logitech (MouseMan) . 218 netgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 HP 10/100 VG-AnyLAN . . . Microsoft . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 netmask . . . . . . . 135, 136, 142 340 MM series . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 netscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 HP 27245 . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Mouse Systems . . . . . . . 218 Netscape . . . . . . 5, 59­61, 180 HP 27247B . . . . . . . . . . . 340 PS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 netstat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 HP 27252A . . . . . . . . . . . 340 mouse buttons . . . . . . . . . . 219 NetWare . see Novell Netware, HP 27xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 mouse type . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 197 HP PCLAN . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Mozart . . . . . . . . . . . . 333, 343 network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 HP PCLAN+ . . . . . . . . . 340 Mozart CD-ROM . . . 333, 343 configuration . . . . . . . . . 136 IBM Token Ring . . . . . . 341 mrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 configuration files . . . . . 137 ICL EtherTeam . . . . . . . 340 mread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Intel EtherExpress 16 . . 339 mren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 dummy device . . . . . . . . 399 Intel EtherExpress Pro 100 . MS-Windows . . . . . . . . . . . 454 Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 339 msdos.sys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 network address . . . . . . . . . 142 Intel EtherExpressPro . 339 mt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273, 274 network base configuration . . . Lance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 mtools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 480 Novell NE1000/2000 . . 340 mtools . . . . . . 269, 441, 442 network card SMC 9194 . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 mtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 AM7990 chipset . . . . . . 340 SMC Ultra . . . . . . . . . . . 341 multi-processor systems . . see configuration . . . . . . . . . . 89 Token Ring . . . . . . . . . . . 341 SMP network cards . . . . . . . . . . . 331 WD80x3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Multiprocessing . . . . . . . . . 456 3COM 3c501 . . . . . . . . . 337 Western Digital . . . . . . . 341 Multisession CD-ROM . . 333, 3COM 3c503 . . . . . . . . . 337 Network File System see NFS 342 3COM 3c505 . . . . . . . . . 337 Network Information Service . Multitasking . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 3COM 3c507 . . . . . . . . . 337 see NIS Multiuser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 3COM 3c509 . . . . . . . . . 337 network mask . . . . . . . . . . . 419 mv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 3COM 3c515 . . . . . . . . . 337 network monitor mwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 3COM 3c579 . . . . . . . . . 337 Argus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Mwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229, 246 3COM 3c590 . . . . . . . . . 337 network printer mwrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 3COM 3c900 . . . . . . . . . 337 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 96 My . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 AT1700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 pre-filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 364, 404 Cabletron . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 D-Link DE620 . . . . . . . . 342 Neuhaus Triccy Data LCR 167 N DE10x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 news . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Name Service Caching DE20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 leafnode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Daemon DE203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 DE204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 NeXTstep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Name Service Switch . . . . 139 DE205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 NeXTSTEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 named . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 DE42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145, 457 nameserver 135, 137, 138, 400 DE425 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 95 DE434 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 group IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 ncpfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 DE435 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 installation via . . . . . . . . . 74 NCR 5380 . . . . . . . . . 328, 336 DE450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Kernel NFS-Daemon . . 401 NCR 53c400 . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 DE500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 NCR 53C400 . . . . . . . . . . . 336 DEC EtherWORKS . . . 338 user IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 NCR 53c406a . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 NFS client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 NCR 53C810 . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Digital DEPCA . . . . . . . 338 NFS server . . . . . . . . . 145, 146 ncurses . . . . . . . . . 365, 389 E21xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 nfsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 NE1000/2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 340 EtherBlaster . . . . . . . . . . 340 nfsserv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 511 Index NI6510 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 3dpixms . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 NIS . . . . . . . . see YP, 143, 144 aaa base . . . . . . . . . . . 364 inetcfg . . . . . . . 160, 169 NIS domain . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 allman . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 inf2htm . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 NIS server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 apache . . . . 365, 383, 413 inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 nkit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 apmd . . . . . . . . . . . 286, 287 installation . . . . . . . . 86, 366 nkita . . . . . . . . 150, 310, 364 aps . . . . 292, 297, 298, 309 installing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 nkitb . . . . . . . . 150, 310, 364 autofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 irda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 bind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 isapnp . . . . 256, 258, 260 NNTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 binutils . . . . . . . . . . . 313 isdn4linux . . . . . . . . 152 NNTP server . . . . . . . . . . . 400 books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 jade dsl . . . . . . . . . . . 360 nntpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 bttv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 john . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 nobody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 cdb . . . . . . . . 211, 309, 359 kernmod . . . 92, 153, 263, notebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 cdesim . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 316, 364 IrDA . . . . . . . . . . . . see IrDA changes . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 kernmods . . . . . . . . . . . 364 power management . . . . see checking dependencies . . 87 knfsd . . . . . . . . . . 363, 401 APM colortbl . . . . . . . . . . . 361 latex-cover . . . . . . 189 Thinkpad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 83 ldp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Notebook cron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x, 389 leafnode . . . . . . . . . . . 179 PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 curses . . . . . . . . . . . x, 389 libc . . . . . . . . . . . 313, 370 notification scheme de-installation . . . . . . . . 366 libcinfo . . . . . . . . . . . 139 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 deleting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Novell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 dhclient . . . . . . . 96, 365 lprold . . . . 292, 302, 310 Novell NE1000/2000 . . . . 340 dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 lx suse . 7, 153, 263, 313 Novell Server emulation . 403 doc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 makewhat . . . . . . . . . . . 365 nscd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 docbkdsl . . . . . . . . . . . 361 manyfaqs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 nsswitch.conf . . . . . . . . . . . 139 dochost . . . . . . . 383, 384 mgetty . . . . . . . . . 181, 194 emu10k1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 mtools . . . . 269, 441, 442 O faxprint . . . . . . . . . . . 189 named . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 olvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231, 469 fhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363, 373 ncpfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Olvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 firewall . . . . . . 416, 418 ncurses . . . . . . . 365, 389 olwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 firewals . . . . . . . . . . . 173 net tool . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Omnibook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 ftpdir . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 netcfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 online manual . . . . . . . . . . . 427 fvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 nfsserv . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 OpenLook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 fvwm1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 nkit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Operating system . . . . . . . . 457 gcc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 nkita . . . . . . 150, 310, 364 opso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259, 363 glibndev . . . . . . . . . . . 362 nkitb . . . . . . 150, 310, 364 opso smp . . . . . . . . . 259, 363 glimpse . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 opso . . . . . . . . . . . 259, 363 opsod smp . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 gnlibsd . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 opso smp . . . . . . . 259, 363 opsod up . . . . . . . . . 259, 363 gnuhtml . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 opsod smp . . . . . . . . . . 259 opsodsmp . . . . . . . . 259, 363 gs x11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 opsod up . . . . . . . 259, 363 Optics Storage CD-ROM 334, gsview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 opsodsmp . . . . . . 259, 363 343 gtkndev . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 pbm2l7k . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Oracle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 gv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 186 pcmcia . . . . . . . . . 284, 285 Oracle 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 hardsuse . . . . . . . . . . . 416 PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 OS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181, 457 howto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 pgp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 assigning Linux partitions . . howtodeh . . . . . . . . . . . 383 phpdoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 49 howtoenh . . . . . . . . . . . 383 plp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 bootmanager . . . . . . . . . . 105 htdig . . . . . . . . . . 383, 384 postfix . . . . . . . 364, 413 OSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 hylafax . . . . . . . 181, 189 postgres . . . . . . 356, 360 hyperref . . . . . . . . . . . 361 ppa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 P i4l . . . . . . . . . 96, 153, 395 ppp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 package i4ldoc . . . . . . . . . 153, 160 ppp nt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 3dpixm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 imlibdev . . . . . . . . . . . 362 recode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 512 Index reiserfs . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 package format . . . . . . . . . 366 pbm2l7k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 rman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 package information . . . . . . 86 PC cards . . see Hardware, PC roxen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 package installation . . . . . . . 86 cards roxenint . . . . . . . . . . . 365 package manager . . . . . . . . 366 pcmcia . . . . . . . . . . . 284, 285 roxenssl . . . . . . . . . . . 365 package selection . . . . . . . . . 32 PCMCIA . . . . . . 277, 358, 398 rpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 packages APM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 cardmgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 sane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 packet filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 configuration . . . . . . . . . 278 sax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 PAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 362 Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 scslog . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 MD5 passwords . . . . . . . 100 help programs . . . . . . . . 285 sdb . . . . . . . . 358, 361, 383 Panasonic CD-ROM 334, 344 IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 sdb de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 paper size installation . . . . . . . . . . . 284 sdb en . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 160 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 ISDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 parallel port modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 secchk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 architecture-specific . . . 351 problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 secumod . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 ATAPI CD-ROM . . . . . . 352 scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 ATAPI floppy disks . . . . 352 SCSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 sendfax . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 ATAPI streamer drive . . 352 software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 sendmail . . . . . . 395, 413 generic ATAPI device . . 352 Token Ring . . . . . . . . . . . 278 shlibs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 IDE devices . . . . . . . . . . 351 PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 snd au . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 IDE hard drive . . . . . . . . 352 pep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 snd mod . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 IDE protocol driver . . . . 351 perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 405 snd wav . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 kernel parameter . . 335, 350 permissions . . . 405, 428, 430, so en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 parallel port seehardware, 433 sox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 parallel port . . . . . . . . 267 Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 sp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Paride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 pgp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 squid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 parport subsystem . . . . . . . 267 PGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 squid2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 partition Philips CM206 . . . . . 334, 343 ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412, 418 creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 susefax . . . . . . . 181, 189 formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 phpdoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 susehelp . . . . . . . . . . . 160 swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 susehilf . . . . 5, 196, 382 types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 susepak . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Partition Magic . . . . . . . . . . 41 Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 tcl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 partitioning . . . . . . 47, 77, 479 PLIP te dvilj . . . . . . . . . . . 296 experts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 parallel port . see hardware, tiff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 novices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 parallel port tk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 partitions plp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 tripwire . . . . . . 412, 415 additional . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 plp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 wget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 configuring . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 plugnplay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 wuftpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 extended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 pnpdump . . . . . . . . . . 256­258 wvdial . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 x3dlabs . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 logical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 pointer section . . . . . . . . . . 225 xcyrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 portmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 95 xf86 . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 316 swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 portmapper . . . . 136, 137, 400 xformsd . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 passwd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 ports xfsetup . . . . . . . 207, 208 password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 xglint . . . . . . . . . 359, 360 path postfix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 xntp . . . . . . . . . . . 403, 404 absolute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 postfix . . . . . . . . . 364, 413 xsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Postfix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 xvga16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 postgres . . . . . . . . 356, 360 ypclient . . . . . . . 95, 144 PATH . . 4, 171, 234, 235, 417, PostgreSQL . . . . . . . . 356, 360 ypserver . . . . . . . . . . . 145 425, 453 PostScript template package description . . . . . . . 86 Patrick Volkerding . . . . . . . . . 9 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 513 Index power management . . . . . . 285 remote . . . . . . . . . . . 295, 298 rc.config . . . . . . . . . . . 396 ppa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 rcp.ugidd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 ppp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 transverse . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 rdev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 printing system . . . . see spool README files . . see manuals ppp default . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 system reboot . . . . 323, 394, 404, 424 ppp-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169­171 Pro Audio Spectrum 325, 334 receive queue . . . . . . . . . . . 187 ppp.chat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Pro Audio Spectrum 16 . . 334 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 ppp nt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 problems recode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 pppd . . . . . 149, 150, 169, 359 during installation . . . . . . 52 reducing partition size . . . . 48 primary partitions . . . . . . . . 79 Proc-filesystem . . . . . . . . . 457 reiserfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 print manager(lpd) . . . . . . 294 process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 remove printcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 printcap(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 processor rescue disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 printer Cyrix 686 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 rescue system checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 procmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 launch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 90 Professional Services . . . . 495 use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 connecting to a Windows program reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 printserver . . . . . . . . . . . 96 invoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 sourcecode . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 resolv.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 GDI printer . . . . . . . . . . . 309 programming Restart Function . . . . . . . . 242 kernel parameter . . . . . . 335 core files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 RFC1861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Lexmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 programs RFC959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 network printer see network compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 rlogin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400, 406 printer Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Rlogin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 parallel port . see hardware, protect I/O address . . . . . . 324 rm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 parallel port protected mode . . . . . . . . . . . 56 rmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 stop printing . . . . . . . . . . 294 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 rman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Windows only . . . . . . . . 309 Proxy rmmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 PRINTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 printer accounting . . . . . . . 302 Gopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 printer driver . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 HTTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 printer drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438, 457 Einloggen, remote . . . . . 406 seeprinter filter295 ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Root directory . . . . . . . . . . 458 printer filter . . . . . . . . 295, 296 pstree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 root partition . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 apsfilter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 apsfilter-configuration . 298 Q route.conf . . . . . . . . . . 142 for network printer . . . . 302 qmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 routed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 printer operation . . . . . . . . 291 queueing agent router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 printer queue HylaFAX . . . . . . . . 191, 192 IP forwarding . . . . . . . . . 399 terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Qvwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 routing printer queues route.conf . . . . . . . . 142 in the apsfilter . . . . . . . . 297 R roxen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Roxen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 printers RAM . . . . . . see memory, 458 roxenint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 RAMDAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 roxenssl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Ramdisk RPC mount daemon . . . . . 146 printing Initial Ramdisk . . . . . . . 398 RPC NFS daemon . . . . . . . 146 lpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 rawip . . . . . . . . . 149, 157, 159 RPC portmapper . . . . 144, 146 accounting . . . . . . . . . . . 302 rawip-HDLC . . . . . . . . . . . 157 rpc.mountd . . . . 146, 400, 401 kernel 2.2.x . . . . . . . . . . . 361 rawrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 rpc.nfsd . . . . 95, 146, 400, 401 Novell NetWare . . . . . . . . 96 rawrite.exe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 rpc.portmap . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Novell NetWare print servers rc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 rpm . . . . . . 362, 365, 366, 369 96 /etc/rc.config . . . . 395 rpm . . . . . . 366, 458, 501, 513 514 Index rpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 TMC-885/950 . . . . . . . . 328 n . . . . 95, 96, 144, 145, 150, RPM . . . . . 366, 458, 501, 513 Trantor T128/128F/228 328 153, 178, 179, 189, 194, database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Trantor T130B . . . . . . . . 337 310, 363, 383, 384, 401, RPM (rpm) . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 scslog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 412, 413, 415 rpmorig . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Scwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 pay . . . . . . . . 259, 477, 478 rpmsave . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 sdb . . . . . . . . . . 358, 361, 383 searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 runlevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 SDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 sec . . . 173, 411, 412, 416, changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 sdb de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 418, 421, 476 Runlevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 sdb en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 160 sgm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 rwhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Seagate ST01/02 . . . . . . . . 328 snd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 rxvt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 searchlist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 tex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 secchk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 x . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 359, 360 S secumod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 xsrv . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 360 samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 secure shell daemon . . . . . 403 xwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239, 246 samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 security zq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369, 370 Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197, 403 firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 series selection . . . . . . . . . . . 84 permissions . . . . . . . . . . . 198 printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 sane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 server flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 SANE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 sed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 server.exe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Sanyo CD-ROM . . . . 334, 343 selecting keyboard layout . 73 services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 sax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 selecting software set up time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 sax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 for first-time installation 18 setserial . . . . . . . . . . . . 267, 272 SaX vi, 23, 101, 207­217, 475 setting filesystem . . . . . . . . . 79 scanner selecting the language . . . . 72 setting up X . . see installation, configuration . . . . . . . . . . 89 selecting time zone . . . . . . see setting up X scanners . . . . . . . see hardware, YaST2, selecting time setup . . ii, 44­46, 50, 51, 124, scanners zone 125 scheme see PCMCIA, scheme Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 47, 51 SCO UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 send queue SETUP 91, 297­299, 302, 303 screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 setup.exe . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 44, 55 screen resolution . . . . . . . . 227 send queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Setup.exe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 screen section . . . . . . . . . . . 225 sendfax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 seyon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162, 360 SCSI sendfax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 sgcheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Adaptec sendmail . . 96, 142, 176­178, sh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 AHA-152x/151x/1505 . . . 359, 363, 400, 422 share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 336 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 96 shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 AdvanSys . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 sendmail . . . . . . . . 395, 413 Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 AHA-152x/151x/1505 . 325 sendmail -q . . . . . . . . 177, 400 SHELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 AHA-154x . . . . . . . . . . . 325 series shlibs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 AHA-274x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 a . 80, 85, 92, 150, 153, 310 shutdown . . . . . . 387, 404, 424 AHA-284x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 a1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 278 Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 AHA-294x . . . . . . . . . . . 326 ap 256, 286, 298, 309, 383, Simple Network Paging AM53/79C974 . . . . . . . . 326 441 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Future Domain . . . 327, 328, books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 SINUS Firewall I . . . . . . . . 420 336 d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 size of installation . . . . . . . . 83 LUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 smail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 NCR 5380 . . . . . . . 328, 336 doc . . . 5, 7, 139, 153, 160, smarthost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 NCR 53c400 . . . . . . . . . . 328 196, 309, 358, 359, 361, SMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 NCR 53C400 . . . . . . . . . 336 373, 382, 383 SMC 9194 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 NCR 53c406a . . . . . . . . . 328 doc1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 7 SMC Ultra . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Seagate ST01/02 . . . . . . 328 gra . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272, 275 SMP streamer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 gra1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 select kernel . . . . . . . . . . . 34 TMC-16x0 . . . . . . . 327, 336 index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 SMTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176, 400 515 Index snd au . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Turtle Beach hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 snd mod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Classic/Monterey/Tahiti . . installation . . . . . . . . . . . 491 snd wav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 346 phone numbers . . . . . . . . 494 SNiFF+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 sound card services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 SNPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Pro Audio Spectrum . . . 334 the fastest way to get help . . so en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Soundblaster 16 . . . . . . . . . 264 492 Software AG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 source code . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 software selection . . . . . . . . 32 compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Support Sony CDU31A . . . . . 334, 343 sourcecode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Commercial . . . . . . . . . . 495 Sony CDU33A . . . . . 334, 343 sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Professional Services . . 495 Sony CDU535 CD-ROM 334, compile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 344 sox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 suse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 sp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 launch rescue system . . 386 AD1816 Chip . . . . . . . . . 344 spindown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 SuSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Aztech Sound Galaxy . . 349 spool system . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 SuSE Ensoniq SoundScape . . 349 apsfilter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Gravis Ultrasound . . . . . 345 control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 SuSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro . . daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 SuSeconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 349 filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295, 296 SuSEconfig 36, 101, 137, 144, MPU401 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 network printer . . . . . . . 302 178, 237, 249, 280, 360, OPL3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 387, 396, 398, 399, 401, OPL3-SA1 . . . . . . . . . . . 347 queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 403, 406, 468, 514 spooling SuSEconfig . . . . . . . . 395, 396 OPL3-SAx . . . . . . . . . . . 348 terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 susefax . . . . . . . . . 181, 189 Personal Sound System spooling mechanism SuSEFax . . . vi, 180, 181, 181, (ECHO ESC614) . . . . 348 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . 184, 189 185, 186, 189, 190 Pro Audio Spectrum . . . 348 spooling system SuSEFAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 S3 Sonic Vibes . . . . . . . . 349 apsfilter printer queues . 297 susefax.images Sound Blaster and clones . . apsfilter-configuration . 298 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 349 squid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 susefax.phonebook.file Sound Blaster DSP chipsets squid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 350 squid2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 susefax.setup.file Turtle Beach Maui and ssh . . . . . . . 101, 412, 422, 476 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Tropez . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412, 418 susefax.setup.path Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez, SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Tropez Plus . . . . . . . . . 350 SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413, 452 susehelp . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Turtle Beach MultiSound . . Standard in/out . . . . . . . . . . 459 susehilf . . . . . . 5, 196, 382 346 standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 SuSE Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Turtle Beach Pinnacle/Fiji . . Stardivision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 help system . . . . . . . . . . . 382 347 Staroffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 installation . . . . . . . . . . . 378 UART401 . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 StarOffice . . . . . . . . . . 363, 477 rescue system . . . . . . . . . 385 UART6850 . . . . . . . . . . . 350 start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 susepak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 YMF71x . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 startup scripts . . . . . . . . . . . 142 susewm vii, 97, 229, 234, 241, Sound startx . . . . . . 98, 216, 241, 359 242, 246­249, 514 AD1848/CS4248 Chip Stefan Endrass . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 (MSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 streamer setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Creative Ensoniq 1371 SCSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 chipset . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 streamers . . . . . . see hardware, susewm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Crystal 423x chipsets . . 345 streamers SuSEwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Ensoniq 1370 chipset . . 345 SUID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 suspend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Generischer OPLx driver . . . SunOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 345 support swap partition . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 MAD16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 e-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 swap partition . . . . . . . . 61, 78 516 Index creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 terminal programs . . . . . . . 162 UNIX . . . . 181, 189, 423, 449, swat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 terminal window . . . . . . . . 477 454, 457, 460 Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 testing a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Unix98 PTY . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Sybase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 60 teTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361, 373 update . . . . . . 3, 355, 362, 475 symbolic link . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Texinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Syn Flood Protection . . . . 399 Texinfo files . . . . . . see texinfo installing packages . . . . . 87 syncPPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 texpire . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179, 180 updating SuSE Linux . . . . 362 syslinux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 text console . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 Syslinux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 text files USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 SYSLINUX . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 USENET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 syslog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 The XFree86 Project . . . . 207 user system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Thinkpad management . . . . . . . . . . . 99 update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 initial installation . . . . . . . 55 USER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 System administrator . . . . 459 tiff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 user account . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 System Commander Deluxe . . TIFF software . . . . . . . . . . 185 useradd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 41 tiffg3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 userdel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 system configuration 101, 396 TIFFSoftware . . . . . . . . . . . 185 users system information . . . . . . 378 timezone . . . . . . . . . . . 397, 403 adding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 system is too big . . . . . . . . 317 tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 USRobotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 system messages . . . . . . . . 477 TIS Firewall Toolkit . . . . . 420 UUCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 system properties tk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 tkinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 515 V system updating tkInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Variable YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Tkinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 System V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Tkinfo (tkinfo) . . . . . . . 389 DISPLAY . . . . . . . 458, 460 TMC-16x0 . . . . . . . . . 327, 336 FEATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 T TMC-885/950 . . . . . . . . . . 328 GS RESOL . . . . . . . . . . . 309 T-ISDN-DSL . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Token Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 HOME . . 234, 237, 251, 302, T-Online top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 452, 454 PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 traceroute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 KDEDIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 tape drives see hardware, tape Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 LANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 drives Transmission Subscriber LC * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 tar . . . . 63, 364, 389, 432, 433 Identification . . . . . . . 187 MANPATH . . . . . . . 365, 453 tar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Trantor T128/128F/228 . . 328 PATH 4, 171, 234, 235, 417, Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 425, 453 tcl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Trantor T130B . . . . . . . . . . 337 PRINTER . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Tcl/Tk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 tripwire . . . . . . . . . . . . 412, 415 SHELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 TCP wrapper . . . . . . . . . . . 421 tripwire . . . . . . . . 412, 415 USER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 tcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Tripwire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 WINDOWMANAGER . . . 233, tcsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Trojan horses . . . . . . . . . . . 412 234, 241 te dvilj . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 TSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187, 196 vertical frequency . . . . . . . 219 telecable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 tunelp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 VESA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 telephone book Twm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Vesa local bus . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 VG-AnyLAN . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Telix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 U vi . 2, 387, 430, 445, 446, 452, telnet . 95, 387, 400, 406, 418, ugidd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 468 421, 468, 476 ulimit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 virtual consoles . . . . . . . . . 426 Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Ultrastor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 virtual screen . . . . . . . . . . . 227 temporary files umount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 virtuoso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 UMSDOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106, 412 termcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 uninstall Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 termcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Universal Serial Bus see USB VLB . . . . . . see Vesa local bus 517 Index vmlinuz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 wuftpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 wuftpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 W wvdial . v, 149, 163­165, 168, monitor section . . . . . . . 228 w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 279, 280, 289 screen section . . . . . . . . . 226 Wabi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 wvdial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 subsection WAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 460 wvdial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 WD80x3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Wvdial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 virtual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Western Digital WD80x3 341 wvdial.lxdialog . . . . . . . . . 164 xf86Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 WfW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 wvdial.tcl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 XF86Setup . . . . 207, 208, 218 wget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 WWW-server . . . . . . . . . . . 478 xformsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 wget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 XFree86TM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Wide Area Network see WAN X xfsetup . . . . . . . . . 207, 208 widget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 xglint . . . . . . . . . . . 359, 360 wildcards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 X -probeonly . . . . . . . 223, 224 xinetd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400, 421 Wildcards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 X Consortium, Inc. . . . . 2, 207 xinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . 439 X server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 xinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 X Window System . . 207, see XInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 X11, 225, 460 XInfo (xinfo) . . . . . . . . . 389 window manager X.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 xisdnload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 configuration . . . . . . . . . 250 X11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 xli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 fvwm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 .Xresources . . . . . . . . . . . 251 xntp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403, 404 setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 configuration . . . . . 208, 218 xpmroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 xrdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Window manager . . . . . . . 460 mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 xrpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 windowmanager . . . . . . . . 229 monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 xsetroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 X server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 WINDOWMANAGER . 233, 234, defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 xsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 241 display manager . . . . . . . 404 xterm 151, 162, 241, 251, 451 Windows . 189, 190, 479, 516 graphics cards . . . . . . . . 220 xterms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 optimization . . . . . . . . . . 225 xv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 SMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 xvga16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 xvidtune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Windows Explorer . . . 56, 127 user settings . . . . . . . . . . 251 Xwrapper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Windows NT . . . . . . . 181, 197 X11R1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 bootmanager . . . . . . . . . . 105 X11R6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Y Windows partitions . . . . . . . 81 x3dlabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 yast Windows 95 xarchie . . . . . . . . . . . . 250, 251 ISDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 assigning Linux partitions . . xcyrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 yast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 71 49 xdm . . 97, 233, 236, 360, 398, YaST . ii­v, 2, 3, 8, 13, 14, 19, Windows 95/98 . . . . . . . . . 457 458, 501 20, 23­25, 28­40, 43, 50, assigning Linux partitions . . XDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97, 98 56, 59, 65­69, 71­73, 76, 49 xdvi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 78, 82­89, 91­97, 99­102, bootmenu . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Xenix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 108, 114, 117, 122, 133, DOS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 xf86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 316 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, Windows 98 . see Windows 95 xf86config . vi, 207, 208, 218, 144, 145, 150­166, 168, Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . 457 221, 223­225, 228 176, 178, 179, 207, 208, WinFlex . . . . . . . . . . . 190, 516 XF86Config . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 212, 238, 247, 249, 259, WinFlex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 275, 278, 280, 282, 289, WINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 291, 296­300, 302, 303, Wm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 309, 310, 314, 356­362, wrapper device section . . . . . . . . . 227 364, 369­371, 376, SuSEFax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 383­385, 395­399, 411, WU-FTPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 modeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 415, 450, 465­468, 518 Index 476­478, 480, 492, 501, package dependencies . . 87 YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 506, 507, 509, 515, 517 package selection . . . . . . . 84 YaST1 . . . . . . . . . . . ix, 28, 356 LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 93 partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 YaST2 . . i, ix, 13­22, 24, 284, administration . . . . . . . . . 89 selecting keyboard layout 73 356 backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 selecting the language . . 72 adding mouse . . . . . . . . . . 16 boot configuration . . . . . . 92 series selection . . . . . . . . . 84 integrating keyboard . . . . 16 boot kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 setting filesystem . . . . . . . 79 selecting time zone . . . . . 16 configuration . . . . . . . . . . 83 setting mountpoint . . . . . 80 Yellow Pages . . . . . . . . see YP configuration file . . . . . . 101 Setting the filesystem type . YP formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 80 client configuration . . . . . 95 fstab file . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 setting up a CD-ROM drive server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 function keys . . . . . . . . . . 71 89 yp.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 group administration . . 100 setting up a modem . . . . . 89 ypbind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 index of all series and setting up a mouse . . . . . . 89 ypclient . . . . . . . . . 95, 144 packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 setting up a network card 89 ypserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 inode density . . . . . . . . . . 81 setting up a printer . . . . . 90 ypserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 setting up a scanner . . . . . 89 installation medium . . . . 73 size of installation . . . . . . 83 installing packages . . . . . 87 susewm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Z integrating hardware . . . . 89 system security . . . . . . . 101 ZIP drive kdm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 system updating . . . . . . . . 89 parallel port . see hardware, main menu . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 user management . . . . . . . 99 parallel port network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 xdm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 ZIP drives . see hardware, ZIP package deleting . . . . . . . 89 XFree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 drives 519 Reference: Important Commands and Files The blanks between commands and options ("separators") are essential and have to be entered as "blanks" (whitespaces)! See Section 1.3 page 4. Info/Documentation less View text file cd Change to directory (wrong: cdDirectory ls -l List Directory and File Attributes rpm -qi Package info man Manpage for a command /usr/doc/howto Lots of HOWTOs concerning lots of topics /usr/doc/packages/* Documentation on installed packages /usr/doc/packages/i4l/README.Quick current ISDN documentation General Configuration Files and Logs Synonym for Home directory /etc Directory of configuration files /etc/conf.modules Automatic loading of modules /etc/rc.config SuSE Linux main configuration file /etc/rc.config.d Directory of /etc/rc.config components /etc/profile Configuration of the login shell (bash) /etc/profile.d Directory for /etc/profile components /.profile Own extension for /etc/profile see /.bashrc and /.bashrc_login /var/log Directory for system logs /var/log/messages general system messages /var/log/boot.msg Kernel boot messages System Start /etc/lilo.conf LILO configuration file /sbin/init.d Directory for system start scripts X Configuration /etc/XF86Config X Server configuration file /.X.err X Server messages /var/X11R6/bin/X --> /usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_xxxx the X Server Network /sbin/ifconfig Show network configuration /sbin/route -n Show routing table ping Test whether host is reachable