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- package Carp;
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
-
- cluck - warn of errors with stack backtrace
- (not exported by default)
-
- croak - die of errors (from perspective of caller)
-
- confess - die of errors with stack backtrace
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- use Carp;
- croak "We're outta here!";
-
- use Carp qw(cluck);
- cluck "This is how we got here!";
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- The Carp routines are useful in your own modules because
- they act like die() or warn(), but report where the error
- was in the code they were called from. Thus if you have a
- routine Foo() that has a carp() in it, then the carp()
- will report the error as occurring where Foo() was called,
- not where carp() was called.
-
- =head2 Forcing a Stack Trace
-
- As a debugging aid, you can force Carp to treat a croak as a confess
- and a carp as a cluck across I<all> modules. In other words, force a
- detailed stack trace to be given. This can be very helpful when trying
- to understand why, or from where, a warning or error is being generated.
-
- This feature is enabled by 'importing' the non-existent symbol
- 'verbose'. You would typically enable it by saying
-
- perl -MCarp=verbose script.pl
-
- or by including the string C<MCarp=verbose> in the L<PERL5OPT>
- environment variable.
-
- =head1 BUGS
-
- The Carp routines don't handle exception objects currently.
- If called with a first argument that is a reference, they simply
- call die() or warn(), as appropriate.
-
- =cut
-
- # This package is heavily used. Be small. Be fast. Be good.
-
- # Comments added by Andy Wardley <abw@kfs.org> 09-Apr-98, based on an
- # _almost_ complete understanding of the package. Corrections and
- # comments are welcome.
-
- # The $CarpLevel variable can be set to "strip off" extra caller levels for
- # those times when Carp calls are buried inside other functions. The
- # $Max(EvalLen|(Arg(Len|Nums)) variables are used to specify how the eval
- # text and function arguments should be formatted when printed.
-
- $CarpLevel = 0; # How many extra package levels to skip on carp.
- $MaxEvalLen = 0; # How much eval '...text...' to show. 0 = all.
- $MaxArgLen = 64; # How much of each argument to print. 0 = all.
- $MaxArgNums = 8; # How many arguments to print. 0 = all.
- $Verbose = 0; # If true then make shortmess call longmess instead
-
- require Exporter;
- @ISA = ('Exporter');
- @EXPORT = qw(confess croak carp);
- @EXPORT_OK = qw(cluck verbose);
- @EXPORT_FAIL = qw(verbose); # hook to enable verbose mode
-
-
- # if the caller specifies verbose usage ("perl -MCarp=verbose script.pl")
- # then the following method will be called by the Exporter which knows
- # to do this thanks to @EXPORT_FAIL, above. $_[1] will contain the word
- # 'verbose'.
-
- sub export_fail {
- shift;
- $Verbose = shift if $_[0] eq 'verbose';
- return @_;
- }
-
-
- # longmess() crawls all the way up the stack reporting on all the function
- # calls made. The error string, $error, is originally constructed from the
- # arguments passed into longmess() via confess(), cluck() or shortmess().
- # This gets appended with the stack trace messages which are generated for
- # each function call on the stack.
-
- sub longmess {
- { local $@; require Carp::Heavy; } # XXX fix require to not clear $@?
- goto &longmess_heavy;
- }
-
-
- # shortmess() is called by carp() and croak() to skip all the way up to
- # the top-level caller's package and report the error from there. confess()
- # and cluck() generate a full stack trace so they call longmess() to
- # generate that. In verbose mode shortmess() calls longmess() so
- # you always get a stack trace
-
- sub shortmess { # Short-circuit &longmess if called via multiple packages
- { local $@; require Carp::Heavy; } # XXX fix require to not clear $@?
- goto &shortmess_heavy;
- }
-
-
- # the following four functions call longmess() or shortmess() depending on
- # whether they should generate a full stack trace (confess() and cluck())
- # or simply report the caller's package (croak() and carp()), respectively.
- # confess() and croak() die, carp() and cluck() warn.
-
- sub croak { die shortmess @_ }
- sub confess { die longmess @_ }
- sub carp { warn shortmess @_ }
- sub cluck { warn longmess @_ }
-
- 1;
-