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- Why five is the magic number for good outlines
- ==============================================
-
- I have strong opinions on what makes a good outline. For example, I think a
- good outline is easily understood by the reader. I think that happens if:
-
- ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ The topics seem complete.... i.e., the end points are covered │
- │ The topics are parallel..... i.e., they belong together │
- │ The topics are ordered...... i.e., their sequence seems appropriate │
- │ The topics are understood... i.e., the number of topics is limited │
- └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- To start, unless there are obvious reasons for more, I limit my outlines to
- five (5) subtopics at each level. This contrasts sharply with ideas of
- George Miller (Harvard) who claims that on the average people can handle
- seven items (plus or minus 2) in short memory.
-
- However, in print I think the maximum is five because with any more than
- that, the connectives (i.e., commas/and/or) become overloaded or
- overworked. Two sentences can comfortably contain a total of five ideas
- (two in one, three in the other).
-
- Anything more approaches unreadable magnitudes...and anything less seems
- wrong. Here's why:
-
- ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ Two subtopics .....is too didactical, no grey edges │
- │ Three subtopics... is too symmetrical, topics are not that parallel │
- │ Four subtopics.....is also too symmetrical for the same reasons │
- │ Five subtopics.....just right │
- │ Six subtopics......too many for text connectives (and/or) │
- └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- I usually try to organize my information in hierarchies following these
- guidelines, just to make it easier on readers. As my goal is effective
- communication, I'm just packaging information in formats that seem natural to
- others. <FILE75 STRUCTURE>
-
- My trick is to use my language skills to put information into reasonable
- hierarchies having five subtopics. For example, I'd say:
-
- -- There are five ways to get rich, which are...
- -- There's only five types of sand on the beach. They are...
- -- The five rules for making good outlines are...
-
- Here's why that's important. You want readers to accept your information.
- But first, they'll want to see if your claims match their understanding.
-
- But if your five topics cover the end points (seem inclusive), cut the subject
- appropriately (seem parallel), and are memorable (not to many to overwhelm),
- then your information is accepted by all but the most critical readers.
-
- Now, that's what you want . . . readers quickly validating, then accepting
- your view of the relationships. That makes for effective communication.
-
- In contrast, if you put your information in other formats (too few/many
- topics, obvious exceptions, wrong order, unbalanced classification), the
- reader is less ready to accept your information. And if your outline
- structures don't immediately pass the validation test of each reader, you're
- in trouble.
-
- The reader simply stops accepting your information, stops reading, or
- starts reading critically. Either way, you've lost your edge in the
- communication process, and you (or the reader) don't want that.
-
- That's why you mold your information into the suggested outline formats.
- They just work.
-
- Neil Larson 1/15/88 FILE50
- 44 Rincon Rd., Kensington, CA 94707
- Copyright MaxThink 1988 -- Call 415-428-0104 for permission to reprint
-