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-
-
-
- THE SIMTEL20 ARCHIVES
-
-
-
- OVERVIEW
-
- There is a collossal amount of free public domain CP/M, PCDOS/MSDOS and
- UNIX software in several archives on SIMTEL20.ARPA, a DEC-20 running the
- TOPS-20 operating system at White Sands Missile Range. Now, a new archive of
- software for the DoD standard programming language, Ada, is being added.
- Archives of correspondence for several newsgroups, including INFO-CPM, are
- also available.
-
- You can obtain these files using the InterNet file transfer protocol, FTP
- (described in a following paragraph), with user-name "anonymous". For a
- password, use your host-name or any other string of printing characters.
- Throughout this message, FTP examples are given in a GENERIC syntax. You will
- have to consult either local documentation or your friendly system wizard to
- learn the actual syntax used with your local mainframe operating system. For
- the sake of brevity, the domain suffix ".ARPA" will be dropped from further
- references to SIMTEL20 in this discussion.
-
- To obtain directory listings, connect to SIMTEL20 via FTP and do this:
-
- get micro:<cpm>cpm.crclst
- get micro:<cpmug>cpmug.crclst
- get micro:<sigm>sigm.crclst
- get PD:<unix>unix.crclst
- get micro:<pc-blue>pc-blue.crclst
- get PD:<ada>ada.crclst
-
- The first archive was once on MIT-MC. This is the one to watch for the very
- latest CP/M offerings, as it is updated frequently. The second is the full
- catalog of the CP/M Users Group (CPMUG), and the third is the full catalog of
- the Special Interest Group for Microcomputers (SIG/M), a service of the
- Amateur Computer Group of New Jersey. The fourth contains UNIX-related
- software, not all of which is CP/M-specific. That which applies specifically
- to CP/M is in the directory <UNIX.CPM>. The fifth archive contains software
- for the IBM-PC. Some runs under CP/M, and some under PC-DOS/MS-DOS. The
- second, third and fifth archives are updated as new disks are issued by the
- associated users' groups. Now, a sixth archive containing Ada software is
- being added. Plans for this new archive are detailed in two SIMTEL20 files,
- PD:<ADA.GENERAL>READ.ME and PD:<ADA.GENERAL>ADAREPOS.TXT, which can be
- obtained using the FTP procedures described in this message.
-
- There are many overlaps in the first three archives, but you will find
- the latest CP/M programs in the <CPM> archive. In general, the archived
- software is very good, having been worked-over and refined by many users. The
- comments tend to be complete and informative.
-
-
-
- FILE TYPES
-
- Files in the <CPM>, <SIGM>, <CPMUG> and <PC-BLUE> archives are stored in
- two formats: Usually, ASCII storage is used for DOC, HEX and ASM files, and
- ITS binary is used for COM, LBR and squeezed files. ITS binary format had its
- origin at MIT. Each file begins with a 36-bit identifier-word containing DSK8
- in SIXBIT code. This reads as 446353300000 in octal, and 933AD8000 in hexa-
- decimal. All data are stored as four 8-bit bytes per 36-bit SIMTEL20 word,
- with the low-order four bits of each word filled with zeros. If such a file
- is interpreted as a contiguous string, as will happen if a straight binary
- transfer is made to a 16 or 32-bit UNIX machine, the four zero filler-bits per
- 36-bit group will cause rather bizarre and frustrating results. The methods
- for dealing with this situation, which differ from machine to machine, are
- explained in a following paragraph.
-
- Squeezed files have been compressed using programs available in directory
- <CPM.SQUSQ> to obtain an approximate 35-percent size reduction. These files
- can be identified by the letter Q in the extension field. For example, the
- file MICRO:<CPM.MODEM903>DEFF.AQM is a squeezed file. It must be transferred
- as a binary file, and then unsqueezed. The unsqueezing can be done on a CP/M
- system using USQ-20.COM (or whatever is the current version from directory
- <CPM.SQUSQ>), or there are several host-based unsqueezers in the <CPM> and
- <UNIX> archives (see for example, directories <CPM.TOPS-20> and <UNIX.CPM>).
-
- Although the type of storage used for a particular file can usually be
- inferred from the file-name, this is not always true. It is a good idea to
- check the appropriate "crclst" file to ascertain the storage format used for
- each file of interest. This applies to all of the archives except <UNIX> and
- <ADA>, where ALL files are presently stored in ASCII. Now, and for the
- foreseeable future, storage formats for files in the <SIGM>, <CPMUG> and
- <PC-BLUE> archives can be determined from their "generation numbers", as
- shown by the FTP directory command. For example, the FTP command:
-
- dir micro:<pc-blue.vol001>
-
- will yield results of the form:
-
- -CATALOG.001.2
- ABSTRACT.001.2
- BW.ASM.2
- BW.BAS.1
- BW.EXE.1
- COLOR.ASM.2
- COLOR.BAS.1
- COLOR.EXE.1
- ...and so on
-
- All files with names ending in ".1" are stored in ITS binary format, and
- those with names ending in ".2" are stored in ASCII. This relationship will
- continue to apply for files in the <SIGM>, <CPMUG> and <PC-BLUE> archives
- until further notice.
-
- Important files in the <CPMUG> and <PC-BLUE> archives are the CATALOG
- files. These files, which are stored in ASCII, contain (in reverse numerical
- order) the "-CATALOG.nnn" files from all the volumes of their respective
- archives. To obtain these composite catalog files, connect to SIMTEL20 via
- FTP and do this:
-
- get micro:<cpmug>cpmug.cat
- get micro:<pc-blue>pc-blue.cat
-
- A similar file once existed for the <SIGM> archive, but it has been made
- unnecessary by SIG/M's issuance of a Volume 000 disk which contains several
- files with names of the form "SIG-Mx.CAT", where the "x" is replaced with a
- digit. This group of files, taken together, comprise the current SIG/M
- catalog. They can be obtained using FTP commands of the form:
-
- get micro:<sigm.vol000>sig-m1.cat
-
- See the current SIGM.CRCLST for a complete list of Volume 000 files. At
- present (unlike the "cat" files previously mentioned), these files are stored
- in ITS binary format.
-
- WARNING: Because space on the SIMTEL20 disk-pack known as "MICRO:" is
- running out, plans are now being made to conserve storage through more
- extensive use of libraries and squeezed files, both of which are stored in
- ITS binary format. Therefore, the number of files stored in ASCII will
- gradually diminish until only a few essential ASCII files remain. If you
- cannot now properly transfer ITS binary files, you are urged to develop this
- capability. If you need help, please contact your local system wizard and
- provide him/her with a copy of this message. Having done that, if you are
- still unable to make things work correctly, then send a message addressed to
- INFO-CPM-REQUEST@AMSAA.ARPA and I will try to help you. Please provide the
- following information:
-
- 1. Machine and operating system (e.g., VAX-11/780, 4.2 BSD UNIX)
- 2. Network software in use (e.g., 3-Com UNET)
- 3. Complete list of available FTP commands (e.g., GET, PUT, etc.)
-
-
-
- FILE TRANSFER VIA FTP
-
- FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, a formalized procedure for moving
- files among machines on the Defense Data Network (DDN) and other networks that
- connect with the DDN. The protocol is implemented by a program often called
- FTP. The different mainframe operating systems implement FTP with variations
- in command syntax. Some systems have the remote-file-name precede the local-
- file-name in the command. Others reverse this order. Some versions have the
- whole command on a single input line, while others use multiple lines. Read
- the documentation for your local system, or consult a friendly system wizard
- for the details of your local FTP command syntax.
-
- UNIX users can do something like "man ftp" for on-line instructions.
- However, not all UNIX FTP servers are called "ftp", so you may have to snoop
- around in the system directories or ask a system wizard for the correct local
- name to use with the "man" command. ITS users can do ":INFO FTP", and "HELP
- FTP" works on TOPS-20 and some other operating systems. I will be happy to
- update this message with pointers to other sources of on-line documentation if
- they are sent to INFO-CPM-REQUEST@AMSAA.ARPA.
-
- FTP transfers from SIMTEL20 can be made with user-name "anonymous". Use
- your host-name or any other string of printing characters for a password. For
- anonymous logins, SIMTEL20 supports a limited form of the FTP "change working
- directory" command. (Your local syntax may be something like CD, or CWD.)
- This command allows you to specify a default SIMTEL20 directory to be used for
- all file retrievals, and thereby relieves you from having to repeatedly type
- "micro:<whatever>" as part of each filename. For example, you can do some-
- thing like this:
-
- cd micro:<cpm.goodstuff>
- get filename-1
- get filename-2
- ...and so on
-
- instead of using the longer filename forms shown in previous examples.
- saver.
-
- Users of TOPS-10, TENEX, TOPS-20 or ITS systems can use "image" or
- "paged" mode for ALL transfers. UNIX users must use "ascii" mode for ASCII
- files, and "tenex" or "type L 8" mode for ITS binary files. MULTICS users
- must use "ascii" mode for ASCII files, and "image" mode for ITS binary.
-
- Once an ITS binary file has been transferred to your mainframe, further
- processing is needed to make it into a standard CP/M file. This processing is
- done automatically by the programs used on TOPS-20 and ITS machines for
- downloading to a micro, so those users need not be concerned with this. UNIX
- users have only to remove the first four bytes of each file. These four bytes
- are a special "ITS header", and are not really a part of the file. They can
- be removed using the UNIX utility "dd", or they can be removed using the CP/M
- program ITSCVT, available as an ASCII-transferable HEX file in directory
- MICRO:<CPM.HEX>.
-
- Post-processing of files on MULTICS machines can be done using a modified
- version of the system copy utility. At present, transfer of this program is
- a delicate matter because of the need to preserve the vendor's proprietary
- rights. If you need this utility, send a message to INFO-CPM-REQUEST at
- AMSAA.ARPA, and I'll put you in touch with the person who has the program.
-
- Anyone who can obtain an exact contiguous copy of an ITS binary file
- (probably using "image" mode), and then download it to a CP/M machine without
- losing any bits, can post-process the file into standard format using a CP/M
- program available from INFO-CPM-REQUEST. If there is enough interest in this
- program, it can be added to the <CPM> archive. If it is necessary for you to
- take this route, study the description of ITS binary format given in the
- section on FILE TYPES, so that you will know what to expect. This method
- worked satisfactorily with transfers to our 16 and 32-bit UNIX machines before
- we learned to use "tenex" mode.
-
- All aspects of the FTP process for UNIX machines have been automated to
- a high degree by a pair of programs in directory PD:<UNIX.CPM>. With these
- programs, a simple command like "m7b mdm730.com" can connect to SIMTEL20,
- transfer the ITS binary file "mdm730.com" from directory MICRO:<CPM.MODEM7>
- to a local file also named "mdm730.com" and strip the ITS header, all with no
- user intervention. Batch command files containing multiple lines of the form
- in the above example can be run in no-hangup background mode to transfer
- whole directories without the user even remaining logged-in on his local
- system. For more information, get the file PD:<UNIX.CPM>AUTOFTP.DOC.
-
-
-
- PROGRAMS FOR TRANSFERRING FILES AMONG MAINFRAMES AND MICROS
-
- Christensen Protocol Mainframe Programs:
-
- For a micro to reliably exchange files with a mainframe, cooperating
- file transfer programs with automatic error detection and retransmission of
- faulty blocks must be running on both computers. One such family of programs
- uses a popular protocol created by Ward Christensen and enhanced by others.
- Directory PD:<UNIX.CPM> contains two programs, UC and the older UMODEM
- (both written in C), which implement this protocol on UNIX machines. See the
- file PD:<UNIX>UNIX.CRCLST for a list of other useful UNIX utilities.
-
- On ITS machines, file transfer using the Christensen protocol can be done
- using MMODEM (type :MMODEM for instructions), or LMODEM. Documentation for
- LMODEM is in file .INFO.;LMODEM HELP. Other useful ITS utilities (also
- available for TOPS-20) include:
-
- TYPE8 - types an ASCII file stored in ITS binary format.
- TYPESQ - types an ITS binary format "squeezed" file (see the first
- paragraph under FILE TYPES).
- USQ - creates an unsqueezed version of a squeezed file.
- HEXIFY - creates an Intel hex format file from an ITS binary format
- COM file.
- COMIFY - creates a COM file from an Intel hex file.
- CRC - computes the Cyclic Redundancy Check value for a file, using
- the same algorithm that is used by the CP/M program CRCK.
-
- Brief instructions for any of these utilities except LMODEM can be obtained by
- typing ":utility_name" (for example, :CRC).
-
- TOPS-20 utilities for transferring and manipulating files can be found in
- directory MICRO:<CPM.TOPS-20>. See MICRO:<CPM>CPM.CRCLST for a list of
- available programs.
-
- File transfer and conversion utilities for use with VAX/VMS machines are
- contained in directory MICRO:<CPM.VAXVMS>. See CPM.CRCLST for details.
-
-
- Christensen Protocol Microcomputer Programs:
-
- An excellent program for transferring files between micros, or between
- micros and mainframes is called MODM7xx, where the "xx" is replaced with two
- digits to give the current version number. This program, often referred to as
- MODEM7 (the name of its easier to pronounce ancestor), uses the popular
- Christensen protocol to transfer files with automatic error detection and
- retransmission of erroneous blocks.
-
- To get started with MODM7xx, you should first FTP and examine two files
- from the directory MICRO:<CPM.MODEM7>. After connecting to SIMTEL20, do this:
-
- get micro:<cpm.modem7>modm7xx.doc
- get micro:<cpm.modem7>modm7xx.msg
-
- Both are ASCII files. Together, they will tell you just about all there is to
- know about getting the program to run on your machine. Take the time to read
- these files; they're quite informative. You will also get some helpful
- insights from reading some of the overlay files. These overlays, described in
- file MICRO:<CPM.MODEM7>M7OVL-yy.LST, are used to customize MODM7xx for
- particular machines without having to edit and assemble the huge MODM7xx
- source file. Complete instructions for performing this procedure are
- contained in each overlay file. The letters "yy" in the above filename should
- be replaced with two digits giving the current version number as determined
- from CPM.CRCLST.
-
- And then, there is MEX. MEX stands for "modem executive", and it is just
- what the name implies, a communications and file-transfer program with a
- built-in mini operating system that runs under CP/M. This program can do file
- transfers using either the Christensen or Compuserve protocol, and it has an
- enormous potential for highly automated operations because it can read and
- execute command-scripts pre-stored in disk files. These scripts can include
- sending commands to a remote computer, as if they had been sent manually from
- the microcomputer in terminal-mode. Users of this relatively new program are
- still exploring its possibilities. For more information, look in CPM.CRCLST
- under the heading "MICRO:<CPM.MEX>", and then get the various files that have
- "DOC" in their names. Overlays for MODM7xx will also work with MEX, but they
- will not provide all of the extended MEX features.
-
-
- Kermit:
-
- Another excellent program for transferring files is called KERMIT. This
- program has the advantage of being available for an impressively large number
- of mainframes and micros. It is, for example, available for the IBM-PC, and
- it DOES NOT require CP/M.
-
- To get started with KERMIT, connect to CU20B.ARPA using FTP, and do this:
-
- get PD:<kermit>00readme.txt
- get PD:<kermit>current.doc
-
- Note that (1) these files are NOT on SIMTEL20, and (2) the first filename
- begins with "zero-zero".
-
- After reading 00README.TXT, look at CURRENT.DOC and see what versions
- are currently available. Questions can be addressed to INFO-KERMIT-REQUEST
- at CU20B.ARPA.
-
-
- Getting Started:
-
- In order to get MODM7xx, MEX or KERMIT running on your micro, you must
- first transfer the necessary files from mainframe to micro. If you already
- have a receive-to-disk communications program of some sort, you can use it to
- move the needed files. It is VERY CONVENIENT to be able to transfer 8-bit
- binary files, although in most cases it is not absolutely necessary. Some of
- the files are quite large. For example, MODM7xx.COM is over 18K bytes, and
- the HEX file (which you will need if you can't transfer 8-bit files) is over
- 45K. Moving large files to your micro without using an error detecting
- protocol can result in frustrating errors, but it can be done by receiving
- multiple copies and using manual or machine-assisted comparisons to locate and
- repair bad parts of the code. However, there IS a better way.
-
- Directory MICRO:<CPM.MODEM> contains a file that can be FTPed to your
- mainframe, printed, and then entered into your micro by hand and assembled.
- It is quite short. To examine this option, connect to SIMTEL20 via FTP and
- do this:
-
- get micro:<cpm.modem>pipmodem.asm
- get micro:<cpm.modem>pipmodem.doc
- get micro:<cpm.modem>mboot3.asm
-
- All are ASCII files. Read PIPMODEM.DOC first, then look at MBOOT3.ASM.
- PIPMODEM.DOC explains the situation very nicely. Questions concerning these
- programs should be sent to INFO-CPM@AMSAA.ARPA (NOT to INFO-CPM-REQUEST).
-
-
-
- NEWSGROUP CORRESPONDENCE ARCHIVES
-
- Copies of correspondence for several newsgroups are kept in directory
- PD:<MAIL.ARCHIVES> on SIMTEL20. (Note that, unlike all of the other SIMTEL20
- files discussed so far, these are NOT kept in the "MICRO:" structure.) At
- present, archives for the following newsgroups are available:
-
- ADA-SW
- AMETHYST-USERS
- INFO-APPLE
- INFO-CPM
- INFO-FORTH
- INFO-HAMS
- INFO-MICRO
- INFO-MODEM7
- INFO-MODEMXX
- NORTHSTAR-USERS
- INFO-PASCAL
-
- Descriptions of these, and other, newsgroups can be obtained via FTP with
- anonymous login (as for SIMTEL20) from the Network Information Center's host
- SRI-NIC.ARPA. Ask for the file PD:<NETINFO>INTEREST-GROUPS.TXT (an ASCII
- file).
-
- File names for SIMTEL20 newsgroup correspondence archives have two
- forms. For example, PD:<MAIL.ARCHIVES>CPM.ARCHIV.ymmdd is a group of files
- containing INFO-CPM correspondence going back several years. The characters
- "ymmdd" in the file names are actually digits giving the year, month and day
- of the last message in each particular file. Current correspondence is kept
- in the file PD:<MAIL.ARCHIVES>CPM-ARCHIV.TXT, which is constantly growing.
- Although INFO-CPM has been used as an example here, the same naming scheme
- is used for the other newsgroup files as well. For a complete list of
- available files, connect to SIMTEL20 via FTP and do this:
-
- dir PD:<mail.archives>
-
- At present, all of these files are stored in ASCII.
-
-
-
- ADDITIONS, IMPROVEMENTS AND CORRECTIONS
-
- Suggestions for additions, improvements and corrections to this message
- are always welcome. Please send them to INFO-CPM-REQUEST@AMSAA.ARPA.
-
- Contributions of public domain software are actively solicited. If you
- have something that seems appropriate for inclusion in the <CPM> archive,
- please contact Keith Petersen <W8SDZ@SIMTEL20>. Likewise, contact Richard
- Conn <ADA-SW-REQUEST@SIMTEL20> if you wish to contribute to the <UNIX> or
- <ADA> archive.
-
-
- Happy hacking!
-
-
-
- Dave Towson
- INFO-CPM-REQUEST@AMSAA.ARPA
-
-
-
-
-