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- THE SIMTEL20 ARCHIVES
-
-
-
- OVERVIEW
-
- There is a collossal amount of free public domain CP/M and UNIX
- software in several archives on SIMTEL20, a DEC-20 running TOPS-20 at
- White Sands Missile Range. A repository of Ada software has now been
- added to the archives on SIMTEL20, and the user community on the
- Defense Data Network is invited to freely access and extract files
- from these repositories with no restriction. Contributions to the
- repositories are also encouraged, and arrangements to contribute
- programs and information can be made by contacting the individuals
- named below.
-
- Files may be obtained by using the File Transfer Protocol
- (FTP) available on the Defense Data Network (FTP is described in a
- following paragraph). Anonymous login is supported, so access may be
- obtained by logging in with a user name of "anonymous" and a password
- of your host name or any other string of printing characters.
- Throughout this document, FTP examples are given in a GENERIC syntax.
- You will have to consult either a local documentation file or your
- friendly system wizard to learn the actual syntax used with your local
- mainframe operating system.
-
- UNIX users can do something like "man ftp" for instructions.
- However, not all UNIX FTP servers are called "ftp", so you may have to
- snoop around in the system directories or ask your friendly system
- wizard for the correct local name to use with the "man" command. ITS
- users can do ":INFO FTP". The command "HELP FTP" is also a reasonable
- alternative which is found on some machines, such as USC-ECLB. I will
- be happy to update this message with pointers to other sources of on-
- line FTP documentation if they are sent to INFO-CPM-REQUEST
- @AMSAA.ARPA.
-
- To obtain directory listings, connect to SIMTEL20 via FTP and do
- this:
-
-
- get PD:<cpm>cpm.crclst
- get PD:<cpmug>cpmug.crclst
- get PD:<sigm>sigm.crclst
- get PD:<unix>unix.crclst
- get PD:<pc-blue>pc-blue.crclst
- get PD:<ada>ada.crclst
-
-
- The first is an archive that was once on MIT-MC. This is the one to
- watch for the very latest CP/M offerings, as it is updated frequently.
- The second is the full catalog of the CP/M Users Group (CPMUG), and
- the third is the full catalog of the Special Interest Group for
- Microcomputers (SIG/M), a service of the Amateur Computer Group of New
- Jersey. The fourth contains UNIX-related software, not all of which
- is CP/M-specific. That which applies specifically to CP/M is in the
- directory <UNIX.CPM>. The fifth archive contains software for the
- IBM-PC. Some runs under CP/M, and some under PC-DOS/MS-DOS. The
- second, third and fifth archives are updated as new disks are issued
- by the associated users' groups. The <ADA> archive contains software
- components, programs, educational material, and other information
- pertaining to programs written in Ada or sources of information and
- Ada programs on the Defense Data Network.
-
- There are many overlaps in the first three archives, but you will
- find the latest versions in the <CPM> archive. In general, the
- archived software is very good, having been worked-over and refined by
- many users. The comments tend to be complete and imformative.
-
-
-
- FILE TYPES
-
- Files in the <CPM>, <SIGM>, <CPMUG> and <PC-BLUE> archives are
- stored in two formats: Usually, ASCII storage is used for DOC, HEX
- and ASM files, and ITS binary is used for COM and squeezed files. ITS
- binary format had its origin at MIT. Each file begins with a 36-bit
- identifier-word containing DSK8 in SIXBIT code. This reads as
- 446353300000 in octal, and 933AD8000 in hexadecimal. All data are
- stored as four 8-bit bytes per 36-bit SIMTEL20 word, with the low-
- order four bits of each word filled with zeros. If such a file is
- interpreted as a contiguous string, as will happen if a straight
- binary transfer is made to a 16 or 32-bit UNIX machine, the four zero
- filler-bits per 36-bit group will cause rather bizarre and frustrating
- results. The methods for dealing with this situation, which differ
- from machine to machine, are explained in a following paragraph.
-
- Squeezed files have been compressed using programs available in
- directory <CPM.SQUSQ> to obtain an approximate 35-percent size
- reduction. These files can be identified by the letter Q in the
- extension field. For example, the file PD:<CPM.MODEM903>DEFF.AQM is a
- squeezed file. It must be transferred as a binary file, and then
- unsqueezed. The unsqueezing can be done on a CP/M system using USQ-
- 20.COM (or whatever is the current version from directory
- <CPM.SQUSQ>), or there are several host-based unsqueezers in the <CPM>
- archive (see for example, directories <CPM.TOPS-20> and <UNIX.CPM>).
-
- Although the type of storage used for a particular file can
- usually be inferred from the file-name, this is not always true. It
- is a good idea to check the appropriate "crclst" file to ascertain the
- storage format used for each file of interest. This applies to all of
- the archives except the <UNIX> archive, where ALL files are stored in
- ASCII.
-
- Important files in the <SIGM>, <CPMUG> and <PC-BLUE> archives are
- the CATALOG files. These files, which are stored in ASCII, contain
- (in reverse numerical order) the "-CATALOG.nnn" files from all the
- volumes of their respective archives. To obtain these composite
- catalog files, connect to SIMTEL20 via FTP and do this:
-
-
- get PD:<sigm>sigm.cat
- get PD:<cpmug>cpmug.cat
- get PD:<pc-blue>pc-blue.cat
-
-
-
-
- FILE TRANSFER VIA FTP
-
- FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, a formalized procedure for
- moving files among machines on the Defense Data Network (DDN) and
- other networks that connect with the DDN. The protocol is implemented
- by a program often called FTP. The different mainframe operating
- systems implement FTP with variations in command syntax. Some systems
- have the remote-file-name precede the local-file-name in the command.
- Others reverse this order. Some versions have the whole command on a
- single input line, while others use multiple lines. Read the
- documentation for your local system, or consult a friendly system
- wizard for the details of your local FTP command syntax. FTP
- transfers from SIMTEL20 can be made with user-name "anonymous". Use
- your host-name (or any string of printing characters) for a password.
-
- Users of TOPS-10, TENEX, TOPS-20 or ITS systems can use "image"
- or "paged" mode for ALL transfers. UNIX users must use "ascii" mode
- for ASCII files, and "tenex" or "type L 8" mode for ITS binary files.
- MULTICS users must use "ascii" mode for ASCII files, and "image" mode
- for ITS binary.
-
- Once an ITS binary file has been transferred to your mainframe,
- further processing is needed to make it into a standard CP/M file.
- This processing is done automatically by the programs used on TOPS-20
- and ITS machines for downloading to a micro, so those users need not
- be concerned with this. UNIX users have only to remove the first four
- bytes of each file. These four bytes are a special "ITS header", and
- are not really a part of the file. They can be removed using the UNIX
- utility "dd", or they can be removed using the CP/M program ITSCVT,
- available as an ASCII-transferable .HEX file in directory
- PD:<CPM.HEX>.
-
- Post-processing of files on MULTICS machines can be done using a
- modified version of the system copy utility. At present, transfer of
- this program is a delicate matter because of the need to preserve the
- vendor's proprietary rights. If you need this utility, send a message
- to INFO-CPM-REQUEST@AMSAA.ARPA, and I'll put you in touch with the
- person who has the program.
-
- Anyone who can obtain an exact contiguous copy of an ITS binary
- file (probably using "image" mode), and then download it to a CP/M
- machine without losing any bits, can post-process the file into
- standard format using a CP/M program available from INFO-CPM-REQUEST.
- If there is enough interest in this program, it can be added to the
- <CPM> archive. If it is necessary for you to take this route, study
- the description of ITS binary format given in the section on FILE
- TYPES, so that you will know what to expect. This method worked
- satisfactorily with transfers to our 16 and 32-bit UNIX machines
- before we learned to use "tenex" mode.
-
- All aspects of the FTP process for UNIX machines have been
- automated to a high degree by a pair of programs in directory
- PD:<UNIX.CPM>. With these programs, a simple command like "m7b
- mdm730.com" can connect to SIMTEL20, transfer the ITS-binary file
- "mdm730.com" from directory PD:<CPM.MODEM7> to a local file also named
- "mdm730.com" and strip the ITS header, all with no user intervention.
- Batch command files containing multiple lines of the form in the above
- example can be run in no-hangup background mode, to transfer whole
- directories without the user even remaining logged-in on his local
- system. For more information, get the file PD:<UNIX.CPM>AUTOFTP.DOC.
-
-
-
- MAINFRAME PROGRAMS FOR TRANSFERRING FILES BETWEEN MAINFRAMES AND
- MICROS
-
- Christensen Protocol:
-
- For a micro to reliably exchange files with a mainframe,
- cooperating file transfer programs with automatic error detection and
- retransmission of faulty blocks must be running on both computers.
- One such family of programs uses a popular protocol created by Ward
- Christensen and enhanced by others. Directory PD:<UNIX.CPM> contains
- two programs, UC and the older UMODEM (both written in C), which
- implement this protocol on UNIX machines. See the file
- PD:<UNIX>UNIX.CRCLST for a list of other useful UNIX utilities.
-
- On ITS machines, file transfer using the Christensen protocol can
- be done using MMODEM (type :MMODEM for instructions), or LMODEM.
- Documentation for LMODEM is in file .INFO.;LMODEM HELP. Other useful
- ITS utilities include TYPE8, which types an ASCII file stored in ITS
- binary format; TYPESQ, which types an ITS binary format "squeezed"
- file (see the first paragraph under FILE TYPES); USQ, which creates an
- unsqueezed version of a squeezed file; HEXIFY, which creates an Intel
- hex format file from an ITS binary format COM file; COMIFY which
- creates a COM file from an Intel hex file; and CRC, which computes the
- Cyclic Redundancy Check value for a file, using the same algorithm
- that is used by the CP/M program CRCK. Brief instructions for any of
- these utilities except LMODEM can be obtained by typing
- ":utility_name" (for example, :CRC).
-
- TOPS-20 utilities for transferring and manipulating files can be
- found in directory PD:<CPM.TOPS-20>. See PD:<CPM>CPM.CRCLST for a
- list of available programs.
-
- File transfer and conversion utilities for use with VAX/VMS
- machines are contained in directory PD:<CPM.VAXVMS>. See CPM.CRCLST
- for details.
-
-
- Kermit:
-
- Another excellent program for transferring files is called
- KERMIT. This program has the advantage of being available for an
- impressively large number of mainframes and micros. It is, for
- example, available for the IBM-PC, and it DOES NOT require CP/M.
-
- To get started with KERMIT, connect to CU20B using FTP, and do
- this:
-
-
- get PD:<kermit>00readme.txt
- get PD:<kermit>current.doc
-
-
- Note that the first filename begins with "zero-zero".
-
- After reading 00README.TXT, look at CURRENT.DOC and see what
- versions are currently available. Questions can be addressed to INFO-
- KERMIT-REQUEST at host CU20B.
-
-
-
- MICROCOMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR TRANSFERRING FILES BETWEEN MAINFRAMES AND
- MICROS
-
- Christensen Protocol:
-
- An excellent program for transferring files between micros, or
- between micros and mainframes is called MODM7xx, where the "xx" is
- replaced with two digits to give the current version number. This
- program, often referred to as MODEM7 (the name of its easier to
- pronounce ancestor), uses the popular Christensen protocol to transfer
- files with automatic error detection and retransmission of erroneous
- blocks.
-
- To get started with MODM7xx, you should first FTP and examine two
- files from the directory PD:<CPM.MODEM7>. After connecting to
- SIMTEL20, do this:
-
-
- get PD:<cpm.modem7>modm7xx.doc
- get PD:<cpm.modem7>modm7xx.msg
-
-
- Both are ASCII files. Together, they will tell you just about all
- there is to know about getting the program to run on your machine.
- Take the time to read these files; they're quite informative. You
- will also get some helpful insights from reading some of the overlay
- files. These overlays, described in file PD:<CPM.MODEM7>M7OVL-
- yy.LST, are used to customize MODM7xx for particular machines without
- having to edit and assemble the huge MODM7xx source file. Complete
- instructions for performing this procedure are contained in each
- overlay file. The letters "yy" in the above filename should be
- replaced with two digits giving the current version number as
- determined from CPM.CRCLST.
-
- And then, there is MEX. MEX stands for "modem executive", and it
- is just what the name implies, a communications and file-transfer
- program with a built-in mini operating system that runs under CP/M.
- This program can do file transfers using either the Christensen or
- Compuserve protocol, and it has an enormous potential for highly
- automated operations because it can read and execute command-scripts
- pre-stored in disk files. These scripts can include sending commands
- to a remote computer, as if they had been sent manually from the
- microcomputer in terminal-mode. Users of this relatively new program
- are still exploring its possibilities. For more information, look in
- CPM.CRCLST under the heading "PD:<CPM.MEX>", and then get the various
- files that have "DOC" in their names.
-
-
- Kermit:
-
- As stated earlier, KERMIT is also an excellent program for
- transferring files between computers. It, too, does automatic error
- detection and retransmission, and it works between mainframes and
- micros, between micros, and between mainframes. See the earlier
- "Kermit" paragraph for details.
-
-
- Getting Started:
-
- In order to get MODM7xx, MEX or KERMIT running on your micro, you
- must first transfer the necessary files from mainframe to micro. If
- you already have a receive-to-disk communications program of some
- sort, you can use it to move the needed files. It is VERY CONVENIENT
- to be able to transfer 8-bit binary files, although in most cases it
- is not absolutely necessary. Some of the files are quite large. For
- example, MODM7xx.COM is over 18K bytes, and the HEX file (which you
- will need if you can't transfer 8-bit files) is over 45K. Moving
- large files to your micro without using an error detecting protocol
- can result in frustrating errors, but it can be done by receiving
- multiple copies and using manual or machine-assisted comparisons to
- locate and repair bad parts of the code. However, there IS a better
- way.
-
- Directory PD:<CPM.MODEM> contains a file that can be FTPed to
- your mainframe, printed, and then entered into your micro by hand and
- assembled. It is quite short. To examine this option, connect to
- SIMTEL20 via FTP and do this:
-
-
- get PD:<cpm.modem>pipmodem.asm
- get PD:<cpm.modem>pipmodem.doc
- get PD:<cpm.modem>mboot3.asm
-
-
- All are ASCII files. Read PIPMODEM.DOC first, then look at
- MBOOT3.ASM. PIPMODEM.DOC explains the situation very nicely.
- Questions concerning these programs should be sent to INFO-
- CPM@AMSAA.ARPA.
-
-
-
- ADDITIONS, IMPROVEMENTS AND CORRECTIONS
-
- Suggestions for additions, improvements and corrections to this
- message are always welcome. Please send them to INFO-CPM-REQUEST @
- AMSAA.ARPA. Additional information concerning FTP is, however, beyond
- the scope of this document. If you need help with FTP, please read
- the documentation for your local system, or see your friendly system
- wizard.
-
- Contributions of public domain software are actively solicited.
- If you have something that seems appropriate for inclusion in the
- <CPM> archive, please contact Keith Petersen <W8SDZ@SIMTEL20>.
- Likewise, contributions to the <UNIX> archive can be addressed to
- Richard Conn <ADA-SW-REQUEST@SIMTEL20>. Contributions to the <ADA>
- archive can be addressed to Richard Conn <ADA-SW-REQUEST@SIMTEL20>.
-
- Happy hacking!
-
-
-
-
- Dave Towson
- INFO-CPM-REQUEST@AMSAA
-
-
-
-
-
-