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- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
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- CHAPTER 3. QUICK STARTΩASYNCHRONOUS
- OPERATIONS
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- ASYNCHRONOUS/SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATIONS
-
- Courier high speed desktop and rack
- modems are capable of asynchronous and
- synchronous communications. Terminals
- are usually capable of one type of
- communications or the other. The
- typical personal computer, however, is
- equipped to communicate only asynchron-
- ously.
-
- Most of the operational information in
- this manual is organized around
- asynchronous communications. During
- asynchronous communications, the
- computer adds Start and Stop bits to
- each data character before sending it to
- the modem over the serial port, and
- expects received data to be in the same
- format.
-
- Synchronous data transfer is based on
- synchronized timing between two
- communicating devices, not on data
- format, and is usually required by
- mainframes and other large computers.
- To exchange data synchronously, a
- personal computer requires specialized
- equipment, including the installation of
- a synchronous communications card with a
- synchronous port. If you will be making
- synchronous connections, you'll find the
- modem easy to use. Just follow the
- instructions in Chapter 7.
-
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- INITIAL MODEM SETTINGS
-
- This manual covers the operation of
- three Courier models, the Courier HST
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- Quick Start 3-1
-
- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
-
-
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- Dual Standard, Courier V.32 bis, and
- Courier HST. The modems are factory-set
- for compatibility with their own type of
- modem.
-
- ∙ Dual Standard modemsΩB0Ωso that
- they connect at high speeds with
- both V.32 bis and HST modems
- ∙ V.32 bis modemsΩB0Ωto connect at
- high speeds with V.32 bis and V.32
- modems
- ∙ HST modemsΩB1Ωto connect at high
- speeds with HST modems
-
- The above settings do not affect how the
- modems connect at speeds of 2400 bps and
- below. Leave the modems set to their
- factory defaults, B0 or B1. The
- exception is when an HST modem is to
- answer overseas calls, in which case you
- should set it to B0.
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- 3-2 Quick Start
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- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
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- The modem is shipped ready for use
- except for Transmit Data flow control.
- This type of flow control is required
- for calls under error control, and when
- the computer sends data to the modem
- faster than the modem can send it over
- the phone link.
-
- How you set your modem depends on
- whether or not your machine or software
- support flow control, and what type of
- flow control they allow. Use the
- guidelines that follow.
-
-
-
- Recommended Settings
-
- The following modem settings, plus the
- factory defaults, are recommended for
- data reliability and for the best
- throughput. Check the Settings
- Supplement that came with the modem to
- see if your communications program is
- listed and what it supports. Check your
- computer or terminal documentation as
- well to see if your machine supports the
- recommended settings. If not, see
- Alternative Settings, after this
- section.
-
- Modem
- Setting Result
-
- &H1 Hardware flow control: the modem
- uses Clear to Send (CTS) at the
- RS-232 interface to control the
- data flow from the computer.
- This is the more reliable type of
- flow control.
- &B1 The data rate between the modem
- and the computer (Data Terminal
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- Quick Start 3-3
-
- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
-
-
-
- Equipment, or DTE) is fixed; it
- does not switch to match the
- phone link rate when the modem
- connects with a remote modem.
-
- Software
- Setting Result
-
- 19.2K bps The rate between the modem
- and the computer (DTE)
- Fixed rate is always 38.4K or 19.2K
- bps. This allows calls at the
- maximum speed of 14.4K bps on the
- phone line. The 38.4K rate
- provides the greatest efficiency
- when a call is under error
- control and data compression.
-
- NOTE: If you use an IBM PC or
- compatible and your software supports
- the above settings, we recommend that
- you write them to nonvolatile memory
- with the &W command as defaults. If
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- 3-4 Quick Start
-
- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
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- one of these conditions isn't true,
- review the following alternatives and
- guidelines.
-
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- Alternative Settings
-
- 1. Your machine or software doesn't
- support Clear to Send, but your
- software supports XON/XOFF signaling:
-
- &H2 The modem sends the DTE Ctrl-S
- and Ctrl-Q (XOFF/XON)
- characters to control the flow
- of data. But see Guideline #2
- below.
-
- &B1 As above, under Recommended
- Settings, providing your
- software supports a fixed DTE
- rate.
-
- 2. Your machine or your software does
- not support Clear to Send, and you're
- using an Xmodem-type file transfer
- protocol:
-
- &H0 Flow control disabled (factory
- setting). Do not use software
- flow control (&H2) because the
- protocol control characters
- will be misinterpreted as flow
- control characters, and you
- risk losing data.
-
- &B0 The DTE rate switches to match
- the connection rate of each
- call. Required because there
- is no flow control.
-
- NOTE: We do not recommend the use of
- Ymodem-G or Zmodem without the use of
- error control and flow control.
-
- Quick Start 3-5
-
- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
-
-
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- 3. Your system doesn't support either
- Clear to Send or XON/XOFF signaling:
-
- &H0 Flow control disabled (factory
- setting).
-
- &B0 The DTE rate switches to match
- the connection rate of each
- call. Required because there
- is no flow control.
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- &M0 Error control disabled;
- recommended because there is no
- flow control.
-
- NOTE: We recommend that this
- configuration not be used for calls
- above 2400 bps.
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- 3-6 Quick Start
-
- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
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- 4. Your software does not support a
- fixed rate:
-
- &B0 Factory setting. The DTE rate
- switches to match the
- connection rate of each call.
- This does not affect error
- control or flow control. You
- will not, however, gain the
- throughput efficiency possible
- when the DTE rate can be fixed
- at a higher rate than the link
- rate. In addition, at the
- factory setting for data
- compression, &K1, the modem
- disables compression when the
- link rate is set to &B0.
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- 5. Your maximum computer rate is 9600
- bps:
-
- S34=3 This disables higher-speed V.32
- bis modulation. The modem
- operates as a V.32 modem, with
- a maximum DTE and link rate of
- 9600 bps. (Does not apply to
- HST modems.)
-
- &H1 Hardware flow control (CTS), or
- &H2 for software flow control.
-
- &B1 Fixed DTE rate of 9600 bps,
- recommended for HST modems.
-
- &M4 Error control factory setting
- required, or &M5.
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- 6. You are calling a non-MNP modem:
-
- S27=16 Disable MNP handshaking.
- A non-MNP modem may
- misinterpret the MNP link
- request and prevent a
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- Quick Start 3-7
-
- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
-
-
-
- successful connection. This
- does not apply for remote V.42
- modems with error control
- enabled.
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- 7. You are transferring compressed
- files:
-
- &K3 This disables MNP compression,
- which does not work
- successfully with files that
- are already compressed. If
- V.42 bis compression is
- negotiated, you will gain
- optimal throughput.
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- DATA FORMAT
-
- The Courier and the remote modem must
- use the same ten-bit data format. The
- following table lists the allowable word
- lengths, parity and Stop bits. If a
- remote modem requires 2 Stop
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- 3-8 Quick Start
-
- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
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- bits and the format totals 11 bits, the
- second Stop bit is not counted.
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- StartWord Parity Stop
- BitsLength (1 Bit) Bits
- 1 7 Even, Odd 1
- Mark, Space
- 1 7 None, Even, Odd, 2
- Mark, Space
- 1 8 None 1, 2
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- STORING DEFAULTS IN NONVOLATILE MEMORY
-
- Write your default configuration to
- nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) with the &W
- command. The following example sets the
- modem for the current session and also
- stores the settings as defaults. The
- defaults are loaded from NVRAM when the
- modem is powered on if DIP switch 10 is
- UP.
-
- Be sure to insert &W last in the string,
- before the Carriage Return.
-
- AT &B1 &H1 &W <Enter>
-
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- DIALING
-
- Use the following command format. The
- modem defaults to pulse dialing: the T
- in the command enforces tone dialing.
- The maximum number of characters in a
- command string is 40.
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- ATDT phonenumber <Enter>
-
- To redial the number, which the modem
- stores in a last-dialed number buffer,
- use the following command:
-
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- Quick Start 3-9
-
- COURIER HIGH SPEED MODEMS
-
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- ATDL <Enter>
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- LINK RATE NEGOTIATION
-
- During link negotiation (handshaking),
- the modems negotiate the highest
- possible rate, depending on each modem's
- capabilities. The Courier automatically
- switches rates to match the rate of the
- remote modem, within the following rate
- ranges: 14.4K, 12K, 9600, 7200, 4800,
- 2400, 1200 bps and, without error
- control, 300 bps. For more detailed
- information on handshaking, see Appendix
- A.
-
- ONLINE FALLBACK
-
- When online at high speeds, the modems
- perform Adaptive Speed Leveling. They
- monitor the condition of the phone line.
- If they sense disturbances that threaten
- data integrity, they fall back and
- retrain (resynchronize) at the next
- lower speed in their fallback range:
- 14.4K, 12K, 9600, 7200, 4800 bps.
-
- If conditions remain poor, Courier
- modems continue to fall back to the next
- lower speed. As line improvements
- occur, they fall forward to the next
- higher speed, up to the link rate of the
- call.
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- 3-10 Quick Start
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