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OTHER FCC RULES REFERENCED IN PART 97 0.121 Locations of field installations. (a) and (b) reserved. (c) Monitoring stations are located at the following geographical coordinates: Station Latitude Longitude --------------------- ----------- ------------ Allegan, Michigan 42-36-20 N. 85-57-20 W. Anchorage, Alaska 61-09-43 N. 149-59-55 W. Belfast, Maine 44-26-42 N. 69-04-58 W. Canandaigua, New York 42-54-48 N. 77-15-59 W. Douglas, Arizona 31-30-02 N. 109-39-12 W. Ferndale, Washington 48-57-21 N. 122-33-13 W. Fort Lauderdale, Florida 26-06-08 N. 80-16-42 W. Grand Island, Nebraska 40-55-21 N. 98-25-42 W. Kingsville, Texas 27-26-29 N. 97-53-00 W. Laurel, Maryland 39-09-54 N. 76-49-17 W. Livermore, California 37-43-30 N. 121-45-12 W. Powder Springs, Georgia 33-51-44 N. 84-43-26 W. Sabana Seca, Puerto Rico 18-27-23 N. 66-13-37 W. Waipahu, Hawaii 21-22-45 N. 157-59-54 W. (Coordinates are given as "Degrees-Minutes-Seconds") 0.314 Additional authority delegated. The Engineer in Charge at each installation is delegated authority to act upon applications, requests, or other matters, which are not in hearing status, and direct the following activities necessary to conduct investigations or inspections: . . . (x) When deemed necessary by the Engineer-in-Charge of a Commission field facility to assure compliance with the Rules, a station licensee shall maintain a record of such operating and maintenance records as may be necessary to resolve conditions of interference or deficient technical operation. 1.1305 Actions which normally will have a significant impact upon the environment, for which Environmental Impact Statements must be prepared. Any Commission action deemed to have a significant effect upon the quality of the human environment requires the preparation of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) and Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) (collectively referred to as EISs) (see 1.1314, 1.1315 and 1.1317). The Commission has reviewed representative actions and has found no common pattern which would enable it to specify actions that will thus automatically require EISs. Note - Our current application forms refer applicants to 1.1305 to determine if their proposals are such that the submission of environmental information is required (see 1.1311). Until the application forms are revised to reflect our new environmental rules, applicants should refer to 1.1307. Section 1.1307 now delineates those actions for which applicants must submit environmental information. 1.1306 Actions which are categorically excluded from environmental processing. (a) Except as provided in 1.1307(c) and (d), Commission actions not covered by 1.1307(a) and (b) are deemed individually and cumulatively to have no significant effect on the quality of the human environment and are categorically excluded from environmental processing. (b) Specifically, any Commission action with respect to any new application, or minor or major modifications of existing or authorized facilities or equipment, will be categorically excluded, provided such proposals do not: (1) Involve a site location specified under 1.1307(a)(1)-(5), or (2) Involve high intensity lighting under 1.1307(a)(6). (3) Results in human exposure to radiofrequency radiation in excess of the applicable safety standards specified in 1.1307(b). Note 1 - The provisions of 1.1307(a) do not encompass the mounting of antennas on an existing building or antenna tower, unless the antenna(s) to be mounted is (are) subject to the provisions of 1.1307(b) and would result in human exposure to radiofrequency radiation in excess of the applicable health and safety guidelines cited in 1.1307(b). Otherwise, the use of existing buildings and towers is an environmentally desirable alternative to the construction of new towers and is encouraged. Note 2 - The specific height of an antenna tower or supporting structure, as well as the specific diameter of a satellite earth station, in and of itself, will not be deemed sufficient to warrant environmental processing, see 1.1307 and 1.1308. Note 3 - The construction of an antenna tower or supporting structure in an established "antenna farm" (i.e., an area in which similar antenna towers are clustered, whether or not such area has been officially designated as an antenna farm), will be categorically excluded unless one or more of the antennas to be mounted on the tower or structure are subject to the provisions of 1.1307(b) and the additional radiofrequency radiation from the antenna(s) on the new tower or structure would cause human exposure in excess of the applicable health and safety guidelines cited in 1.1307(b). 1.1307 Actions which may have a significant environmental effect, for which environmental assessments (EAs) must be prepared. (a) Commission actions with respect to the following types of facilities may significantly affect the environment and thus require the preparation of EAs by the applicant (see 1.1308 and 1.1311) and may require further Commission environmental processing (see 1.1314, 1.1315 and 1.1317): (1) Facilities that are to be located in an officially designated wilderness area. (2) Facilities that are to be located in an officially designated wildlife preserve. (3) Facilities that will affect districts, sites, buildings, structures or objects, significant in American history, architecture, archeology or culture, that are listed in the National Register of Historic Places or are eligible for listing. (See 36 CFR paragraphs 60, 63 and 800.) Note - The National Register is updated and re-published in the Federal Register each year in February. (4) Facilities to be located in a floodplain (see Executive Order 11990). (5) Facilities whose construction will involve significant change in surface features (e.g., wetland fill, deforestation or water diversion). (In the case of wetlands on Federal property, see Executive Order 11990.) (6) Antenna towers and/or supporting structures that are to be equipped with high intensity white lights which are located in residential neighborhoods, as defined by the applicable zoning law. (b) In addition to the actions listed in paragraph (a), Commission actions granting construction permits, licenses to transmit or renewals thereof, or Commission actions authorizing modifications in existing facilities, will require the preparation of an EA if the particular facility or operation would cause exposure of workers or the general public to levels of radiofrequency radiation in excess of the "Radio Frequency Protection Guides" recommended in "American National Standard Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 300 kHz to 100 GHz," (ANSI C95-1-1982), issued by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. Copyright 1982 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47th St., New York, NY 10017. Note - The provisions of paragraph (b) shall only apply to facilities and services licensed or authorized under parts 5, 25, 73 and 74 (Subparts A and G only) of the FCC Rules and Regulations. (c) If an interested person alleges that a particular action, otherwise categorically excluded, will have a significant environmental effect, the person shall submit to the Bureau responsible for processing that action a written petition setting forth in detail the reasons justifying or circumstances necessitating environmental consideration in the decision-making process (see 1.1313). The Bureau shall review the petition and consider the environmental concerns that have been raised. If the Bureau determines that the action may have a significant environmental impact, the Bureau will require the applicant to prepare an EA (see 1.1308 and 1.1311), which will serve as the basis for the determination to proceed with or terminate environmental processing. (d) If the Bureau responsible for processing a particular action, otherwise categorically excluded, determines that the proposal may have a significant environmental impact, the Bureau, on its own motion, shall require the applicant to submit an EA. The Bureau will review and consider the EA as in paragraph (c) of this section. 1.1308 Consideration of environmental assessments (EAs); findings on No significant impact. (a) Applicants shall prepare EAs for action that may have a significant environmental impact (see 1.1307). An EA is described in detail in 1.1311 of this part of the Commission rules. (b) The EA is a document which shall explain the environmental consequences of the proposal and set forth sufficient analysis for the Bureau or the Commission to reach a determination that the proposal will or will not have a significant environmental effect. To assist in making that determination, the Bureau or the Commission may request further information from the applicant, interested persons, and agencies and authorities which have jurisdiction by law or which have relevant expertise. (c) If the Bureau or the Commission determines, based on an independent review of the EA, that the proposal will have a significant environmental impact upon the quality of the human environment, it will so inform the applicant. The applicant will then have an opportunity to amend its application so as to reduce, minimize or eliminate environmental problems (see 1.1309). If the environmental problem is not eliminated, the Bureau will publish in the Federal Register a Notice of Intent (see 1.1314) that EISs will be prepared (see 1.1315 and 1.1317), or (d) If the Bureau or Commission determines, based on an independent review of the EA that the proposal would not have a significant impact, it will make a finding of no significant impact. Therefore, the application will be processed without further consideration of environmental effect. Pursuant to CEQ regulations (see 40 CFR 1501.4 and 1506.6), the applicant must provide the community notice of the Commission's finding of no significant impact. 1.1309 Application amendments. Applicants are permitted to amend their applications to reduce, minimize or eliminate potential environmental problems. As a routine matter, an applicant will be permitted to amend its application within thirty (30) days after the Commission or the Bureau informs the applicant that the proposal will have a significant impact upon the quality of the human environment (see 1.1308(c)). The period of thirty (30) days may be extended upon a showing of good cause. 1.1311 Environmental information to be included in the environmental assessment (EA). (a) The applicant shall submit an EA with each application that is subject to environmental processing (see 1.1307). The EA shall contain the following information: (1) For antenna towers and satellite earth stations, a description of the facilities as well as supporting structures and appurtenances, and a description of the site as well as the surrounding area and uses. If high intensity white lighting is proposed or utilized within a residential area, the EA must also address the impact of this lighting upon the residents. (2) A statement as to the zoning classification of the site, and communications with, or proceedings before and determinations (if any) made by zoning, planning, environmental or other local, state or federal authorities on matters relating to environmental effect. (3) A statement as to whether construction of the facilities has been a source of controversy on environmental grounds in the local community. (4) A discussion of environmental and other considerations which led to the selection of the particular site and, if relevant, the particular facility; the nature and extent of any unavoidable adverse environmental effects, and any alternative sites or facilities which have been or might reasonably be considered. (5) Any other information that may be requested by the Bureau or Commission. (b) The information submitted in the EA shall be factual (not argumentative or conclusory) and concise with sufficient detail to explain the environmental consequences and to enable the Commission or Bureau, after an independent review of the EA, to reach a determination concerning the proposal's environmental impact, if any. The EA shall deal specifically with any feature of the site which has special environmental significance (e.g., wilderness areas, wildlife preserves, natural migration paths for birds and other wildlife, and sites of historic, architectural, or archaeological value). In the case of historically significant sites, it shall specify the effect of the facilities on any district, site, building, structure or object listed or eligible for listing, in the National Register of Historic Places. It shall also detail any substantial change in the character of the land utilized (e.g., deforestation, water diversion, wetland fill, or other extensive change of surface features). In the case of wilderness areas, wildlife preserves, or other like areas, the statement shall discuss the effect of any continuing pattern of human intrusion into the area (e.g., necessitated by the operation and maintenance of the facilities). (c) The EA shall also be accompanied with evidence of site approval which has been obtained from local or federal land use authorities. (d) To the extent that such information is submitted in another part of the application, it need not be duplicated in the EA, but adequate cross-reference to such information shall be supplied. (e) An EA need not be submitted to the Commission if another agency of the Federal Government has assumed responsibility for determining whether the facilities in question will have a significant effect on the quality of the human environment and, if it will, for invoking the environmental impact statement process. 1.1312 Facilities for which no construction permit is required. In the case of facilities for which no construction permit is required or for which a waiver request for a construction permit has been granted under 47 U.S.C. 319(d), the information required by 1.1311 shall be submitted and ruled on by the Commission, and the environmental processing (if invoked) shall be completed before authorization of the facilities is granted. 1.1313 Objections. (a) In the case of an application to which section 309(b) of the Communications Act applies, objections based on environmental considerations shall be filed as petitions to deny. (b) Informal objections which are based on environmental considerations must be filed prior to grant of the construction permit, or prior to authorization for facilities that do not require construction permits, or pursuant to the applicable rules governing services subject to lotteries. 1.1314 Environmental impact statements (EISs). (a) Draft Environmental Impact Statements (DEISs) (1.1315) and Final Environmental Impact Statements (FEISs) (referred to collectively as EISs) (1.1317) shall be prepared by the Bureau responsible for processing the proposal when the Commission's or the Bureau's analysis of the EA (1.1308) indicates that the proposal will have a significant effect upon the environment and the matter has not been resolved by an amendment. (b) As soon as practically feasible, the Bureau will publish in the Federal Register a Notice of Intent to prepare EISs. The Notice shall briefly identify the proposal, concisely describe the environmental issues and concerns presented by the subject application and generally invite participation from affected or involved agencies, authorities and other interested persons. (c) The EISs shall not address non-environmental considerations. To safeguard against repetitive and unnecessarily lengthy documents, the Statements, where feasible, shall incorporate by reference material set forth in previous documents, with only a brief summary of its content. In preparing the EISs, the Bureau will identify and address the significant environmental issues and eliminate the insignificant issues from analysis. (d) To assist in the preparation of the EISs, the Bureau may request further information from the applicant, interested persons and agencies and authorities, which have jurisdiction by law or which have relevant expertise. The Bureau may direct that technical studies be made by the applicant and that the applicant obtain expert opinion concerning the potential environmental problems and costs associated with the proposed action, as well as comparative analyses of alternatives. The Bureau may also consult experts in an effort to identify measures that could be taken to minimize the adverse effects and alternatives to the proposed facilities that are not, or are less, objectionable. The Bureau may also direct that objections be raised with appropriate local, state or federal land use agencies or authorities (if their views have not been previously sought). Note - The Advisory Council of Historic Preservation has adopted formal procedures for such consultation. See 36 CFR Part 800. (e) The Bureau responsible for processing the particular application and, thus, preparing the EISs shall draft supplements to Statements where significant new circumstances occur or information arises relevant to environmental concerns and bearing upon the application. (f) The application, the EA, the DEIS, and the FEIS and all related documents, including the comments filed by the public and any agency, shall be part of the administrative record and will be routinely available for public inspection. (g) If EISs are to be prepared, the applicant must provide the community with notice of the availability of environmental documents and the scheduling of any Commission hearings in that action. (h) The timing of agency action with respect to applications subject to EISs is set forth in 40 CFR 1506.10. No decision shall be made until ninety (90) days after the Notice of Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement is published in the Federal Register, and thirty (30) days after the Notice of Availability of the Final Environmental Impact Statement is published in the Federal Register, which time period may run concurrently. See 40 CFR 1506.10(c); see also 1.1315(b) and 1.1317(b). (i) Guidance concerning preparation of the Draft and Final Environmental Impact Statements is set out in 40 CFR Part 1502. 1.1315 The Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS); Comments. (a) The DEIS shall include: (1) A concise description of the proposal, the nature of the area affected, its uses, and any specific feature of the area that has special environmental significance; (2) An analysis of the proposal, and reasonable alternatives exploring the important consequent advantages and/or disadvantages of the action and indicating the direct and indirect effects and their significance in terms of the short and long-term uses of the human environment. (b) When a DEIS and supplements, if any, are prepared, the Commission shall send five copies of the Statement, or a summary, to the Office of Federal Activities, Environmental Protection Agency. Additional copies, or summaries will be sent to the appropriate regional office of the Environmental Protection Agency. Public Notice of the availability of the DEIS will be published in the Federal Register by the Environmental Protection Agency. (c) When copies or summaries of the DEIS are sent to the Environmental Protection Agency, the copies or summaries will be mailed with a request for comment to federal agencies having jurisdiction by law or special expertise, to the Council on Environmental Quality, to the applicant, to individuals, groups and state and local agencies known to have an interest in the environmental consequences of a grant, and to any other person who has requested a copy. (d) Any person or agency may comment on the DEIS and the environmental effect of the proposal described therein within 45 days after notice of the availability of the statement is published in the Federal Register. A copy of those comments shall be mailed to the applicant by the person who files them pursuant to 47 CFR 1.47. An original and one copy shall be filed with the Commission. If a person submitting comments is especially qualified in any way to comment on the environmental impact of the facilities, a statement of his or her qualifications shall be set out in the comments. In addition, comments submitted by an agency shall identify the person(s) who prepared them. (e) The applicant may file reply comments within 15 days after the time for filing comments has expired. Reply comments shall be filed with the Commission in the same manner as comments, and shall be served by the applicant on persons or agencies which filed comments. (f) The preparation of a DEIS and the request for comments shall not open the application to attack on other grounds. 1.1317 The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS). (a) After receipt of comments and reply comments, the Bureau will prepare a FEIS, which shall include a summary of the comments, and a response to the comments, and an analysis of the proposal in terms of its environmental consequences, and any reasonable alternatives, and recommendations, if any, and shall cite the Commission's internal appeal procedures (see 47 CFR 1.101-1.120). (b) The FEIS and any supplements will be distributed and published in the same manner as specified in 1.1315. Copies of the comments and reply comments, or summaries thereof where the record is voluminous, shall be attached to the FEIS. 1.1319 Consideration of the environmental impact statements. (a) If the action is subject to a hearing: (1) In rendering his initial decision, the Administrative Law Judge shall utilize the FEIS in considering the environmental issues. In a comparative context, the respective parties shall be afforded the opportunity to comment on the FEIS, and the Administrative Law Judge's decision shall contain an evaluation of the respective applications based on environmental and non-environmental public interest factors. (2) Upon review of an initial decision, the Review Board and/or the Commission will consider and assess all aspects of the FEIS and will render its decision, giving due consideration to the environmental and non-environmental issues. (b) In all non-hearing matters, the Commission, as part of its decision-making process, will review the FEIS, along with other relevant issues, to ensure that the environmental effects are specifically assessed and given comprehensive consideration. 2.106 Footnote US7. In the band 420-450 MHz and within the following areas, the peak envelope power output of a transmitter employed in the amateur service shall not exceed 50 watts, unless expressly authorized by the Commission after mutual agreement, on a case-by-case basis, between the Federal Communications Commission Engineer in Charge at the applicable District office and the Military Area Frequency Coordinator at the applicable military base: (a) Those portions of Texas and New Mexico bounded on the south by latitude 31 degrees 45 minutes North, on the east by 104 degrees 0 minutes West, on the north by latitude 34 degrees 30 minutes North, and on the west by longitude 107 degrees 30 minutes West; (b) The entire State of Florida including the Key West area and the areas enclosed within a 200-mile radius of Patrick Air Force Base, Florida (latitude 28 degrees 21 minutes North, longitude 80 degrees 43 minutes West), and within a 200 mile radius of Eglin Air Force Base, Florida (latitude 30 degrees 30 minutes North, longitude 86 degrees 30 minutes West); (c) The entire State of Arizona; (d) Those portions of California and Nevada south of latitude 37 degrees 10 minutes North, and the areas enclosed within a 200 mile radius of the Pacific Missile Test Center, Point Mugu, California (latitude 34 degrees 9 minutes North, longitude 119 degrees 11 minutes West); (e) In the State of Massachusetts within a 160-kilometer (100 mile) radius around locations at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts (latitude 41 degrees 45 minutes North, longitude 70 degrees 32 minutes West); (f) In the State of California within a 240-kilometer (150 mile) radius around locations at Beale Air Force Base, California (latitude 39 degrees 8 minutes North, longitude 121 degrees 26 minutes West); (g) In the State of Alaska within a 160-kilometer (100 mile) radius of Clear, Alaska (latitude 64 degrees 17 minutes North, longitude 149 degrees 10 minutes West). (The Military Area Frequency Coordinator for this area is located at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska.) (h) In the State of North Dakota within a 160-kilometer (100 mile) radius of Concrete, North Dakota (latitude 48 degrees 43 minutes North, longitude 97 degrees 54 minutes West). (The Military Area Frequency Coordinator for this area can be contacted at: HQ SAC/SXOE, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska 68113.) (i) In the States of Alabama, Florida, Georgia and South Carolina within a 200-kilometer (124 mile) radius of Warner Robins Air Force Base, Georgia (latitude 32 degrees 38 minutes North, 83 degrees 35 minutes West). (j) In the State of Texas within a 200-kilometer (124 mile) radius of Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas (latitude 31 degrees 25 minutes North, longitude 100 degrees 24 minutes West). 2.201 Emission, modulation and transmission characteristics. The following system of designating emission, modulation and transmission characteristics shall be employed. (a) Emissions are designated according to their classification and their necessary bandwidth. (b) A minimum of three symbols are used to describe the basic characteristics of radio waves. Emissions are classified and symbolized according to the following characteristics: (1) First symbol - type of modulation of the main carrier; (2) Second symbol - nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier; (3) Third symbol - type of information to be transmitted. Note - A fourth and fifth symbol are provided for additional information and are shown in Appendix 6, part A of ITU Radio Regulations. Use of the fourth and fifth symbol is optional. Therefore, the symbols may be used as described in Appendix 6, but are not required by the Commission. (c) First symbol - types of modulation of the main carrier: (1) Emission of an unmodulated carrier - - - - - - - N (2) Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude-modulated (including cases where subcarriers are angle-modulated): - Double sideband - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A - Single sideband, full carrier - - - - - - - - - - H - Single sideband, reduced or variable level carrier - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R - Single sideband, suppressed carrier - - - - - - - J - Independent sidebands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B - Vestigal sideband - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C (3) Emission in which the main carrier is angle-modulated: - Frequency modulation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - F - Phase modulation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - G Note - Whenever frequency modulation (F) is indicated, phase modulation (G) is also acceptable. (4) Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude- and angle-modulated either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D (5) Emission of pulses (emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a signal which has been coded into quantized form (e.g., pulse code modulation) should be designated under (2) or (3)): - Sequence of unmodulated pulses - - - - - - - - - - P - A sequence of pulses modulated in amplitude - - - K - A sequence of pulses modulated in width/duration - L - A sequence of pulses modulated in position/phase - M - A sequence of pulses in which the carrier is angle-modulated during the period of the pulse - - - - - - - - Q - A sequence of pulses which is a combination of the foregoing or is produced by other means - - - - - - - - - - - V (6) Cases not covered above, in which an emission consists of the main carrier modulated, either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence in a combination of two or more of the following modes: amplitude, angle, pulse - - - - - - - - - W (7) Cases not otherwise covered - - - - - - - - - - N (d) Second symbol - nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier: (1) No modulating signal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 (2) A single channel containing quantized or digital information without the use of a modulating subcarrier, excluding time-division multiplex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 (3) A single channel containing quantized or digital information with the use of a modulating subcarrier, time-division multiplex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 (4) A single channel containing analog information - 3 (5) Two or more channels containing quantized or digital information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 (6) Two or more channels containing analog information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 (7) Composite system with one or more channels containing quantized or digital information, together with one or more channels containing analog information - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 (8) Cases not otherwise covered - - - - - - - - - - X (e) Third symbol - type of information to be transmitted: (1) No information transmitted - - - - - - - - - - - N (2) Telegraphy, for aural reception - - - - - - - - A (3) Telegraphy, for automatic reception - - - - - - B (4) Facsimile - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C (5) Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand - - - D (6) Telephony (including sound broadcasting) - - - - E (7) Television (video) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - F (8) Combination of the above - - - - - - - - - - - - W (9) Cases not covered - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X (f) Type B emission: As an exception to the above principles, damped waves are symbolized in the Commission's rules and regulations as type B emission. The use of type B emissions is forbidden. (g) Whenever the full designation of an emission is necessary, the symbol for that emission, as given above, shall be preceded by the necessary bandwidth of the emission as indicated in 2.202(b)(1). 2.202 Bandwidths. (a) Occupied bandwidth: The frequency bandwidth such that, below its lower and above its upper frequency limits, the mean powers radiated are each equal to 0.5 percent of the total mean power radiated by a given emission. In some cases, for example multi-channel frequency-division systems, the percentage of 0.5 percent may lead to difficulties in the practical application of the definitions of occupied and necessary bandwidth; in such cases a different percentage may prove useful. (b) Necessary bandwidth: For a given class of emission, the minimum value of the occupied bandwidth sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required for the system employed, under specified conditions. Emissions useful for the good functioning of the receiving equipment as, for example, the emission corresponding to the carrier or reduced carrier systems, shall be included in the necessary bandwidth. (1) The necessary bandwidth shall be expressed by three numerals and one letter. The letter occupies the position of the decimal point and represents the unit of bandwidth. The first character shall be neither zero nor K, M or G. (2) Necessary bandwidths: - between 0.001 and 999 Hz shall be expressed in Hz (letter H); - between 1.00 and 999 kHz shall be expressed in kHz (letter K); - between 1.00 and 999 MHz shall be expressed in MHz (letter M); - between 1.00 and 999 GHz shall be expressed in GHz (letter G). (3) Examples: - 0.002 Hz = H002 - 0.1 Hz = H100 - 25.3 Hz = 25H3 - 400 Hz = 400H - 2.4 kHz = 2K40 - 6 kHz = 6K00 - 12.5 kHz = 12K5 - 180.4 kHz = 180K - 180.5 kHz = 181K - 180.7 kHz = 181K - 1.25 MHz = 1M25 - 2 MHz = 2M00 - 10 MHz = 10M0 - 202 MHz = 202M - 5.65 GHz = 5G65 (c), etc...rules on determining necessary bandwidth... 2.815 External radio frequency power amplifiers. (a) As used in this Part, an external radio frequency power amplifier is any device which, (1) when used in conjunction with a radio transmitter as a signal source is capable of amplification of that signal, and (2) is not an internal part of a radio transmitter as manufactured. (b) After April 27, 1978, no person shall manufacture, sell or lease, offer for sale or lease (including advertising for sale or lease), or import, ship, or distribute for the purpose of selling or leasing or offering for sale or lease, any external radio frequency power amplifier or amplifier kit capable of operation on any frequency or frequencies between 24 and 35 MHz. (c) No person shall manufacture, sell or lease, offer for sale or lease (including advertising for sale or lease), or import, ship, or distribute for the purpose of selling or leasing or offering for sale or lease, any external radio frequency power amplifier or amplifier kit capable of operation on any frequency or frequencies below 144 MHz unless the amplifier has received a grant of type acceptance in accordance with Subpart J of this part and Subpart C of Part 97 or other relevant Parts of this Chapter. No more than 10 external radio frequency power amplifiers or amplifier kits may be constructed for evaluation purposes in preparation for the submission of an application for a grant of type acceptance. (d) The proscription in Paragraph (b) of this section shall not apply to the marketing, as defined in that paragraph, by a licensed amateur radio operator to another licensed amateur radio operator of an external radio frequency power amplifier fabricated in not more than one unit of the same model in a calendar year by that operator provided the amplifier is for the amateur operator's personal use at his licensed amateur radio station and the requirements of Sections 97.75 and 97.76 * (outdated rules) of this Chapter are met. (e) The proscription in Paragraph (c) of this section shall not apply to the marketing, as defined in that paragraph, by a licensed amateur radio operator to another licensed amateur radio operator of an external radio frequency power amplifier if the amplifier is for the amateur operator's personal use at his licensed amateur radio station and the requirements of Sections 97.75 and 97.76 * (outdated rules) of this Chapter are met. 73.682 Transmission standards. (a) Transmission standards. (1) The width of the television broadcast channel shall be 6 MHz. (2) The visual carrier frequency shall be nominally 1.25 MHz above the lower boundary of the channel. (3) The aural center frequency shall be 4.5 MHz higher than the visual carrier frequency. (4) The visual transmission amplitude characteristic shall be in accordance with the chart designated as Figure 5 of Section 73.699; provided, however, that for stations operating on Channel 15-69 and employing a transmitter with maximum peak visual power output of 1 kilowatt or less the visual transmission amplitude characteristic may be in accordance with the chart designated as Figure 5(a) of Section 73.699. (5) The chrominance subcarrier frequency is 63/88 times precisely 5 MHz (3.57954545...MHz). The tolerance is plus or minus 10 Hz and the rate of frequency drift not to exceed 0.1 Hz per second (cycles per second squared). (6) For monochrome and color transmissions, the number of scanning lines per frame shall be 525, interlaced two to one in successive fields. The horizontal scanning frequency shall be 2/455 times the chrominance subcarrier frequency; this corresponds nominally to 15,750 hertz (with an actual value of 15,734.264 plus or minus 0.044 hertz). The vertical scanning frequency is 2/525 times the horizontal scanning frequency; this corresponds nominally to 60 hertz (the actual value is 59.94 hertz). For monochrome transmissions only, the nominal values of line and field frequencies may be used. (7) The aspect ratio of the transmitted television picture shall be 4 units horizontally to 3 units vertically. (8) During active scanning intervals, the scene shall be scanned from left to right horizontally and from top to bottom vertically, at uniform velocities. (9) A carrier shall be modulated within a single television channel for both picture and synchronizing signals. The two signals comprise different modulation ranges in amplitude in accordance with the following: (i) Monochrome transmissions shall comply with synchronizing waveform specifications in Figure 7 of 73.699. (ii) Color transmissions shall comply with the synchronizing waveform specifications in Figure 6 of 73.699. (iii) All stations operating on Channels 2 through 14 and those stations operating on Channels 15 through 69 licensed for a peak visual transmitter output power greater than one kilowatt shall comply with the picture transmission amplitude characteristics shown in Figure 5 of 73.699. (iv) Stations operating on Channels 15 through 69 licensed for a peak visual transmitter output power of one kilowatt or less shall comply with the picture transmission amplitude characteristics shown in Figure 5 or 5a of 73.699. (10) A decrease in initial light intensity shall cause an increase in radiated power (negative transmission). (11) The reference black level shall be represented by a definite carrier level, independent of light and shade in the picture. (12) The blanking level shall be transmitted at 75 plus or minus 2.5 percent of the peak carrier level. (13) The reference white level of the luminance signal shall be 12.5 plus or minus 2.5 percent of the peak carrier level. (14) (antenna polarization) (15) The effective radiated power of the aural transmitter must not exceed 22 percent of the peak radiated power of the visual transmitter. (16) The peak-to-peak radiation of transmitter output within one frame of video signal due to all causes, including hum, noise, and low-frequency response, measured at both scanning synchronizing peak and blanking level, shall not exceed 5 percent of the average scanning synchronizing peak signal amplitude. This provision is subject to change but is considered the best practice under the present state of the art (1977). It will not be enforced pending a further determination thereof. (17) The reference black level shall be separated from the blanking level by the setup interval, which shall be 7.5 plus or minus 2.5 percent of the video range from blanking level to the reference white level. (18) (chrominance equations, etc.)