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- USING SPREADSHEETS - THAT FEELING OF MONEY
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-
- WHAT IS A SPREADSHEET?
-
- One simple definition for a spreadsheet, is: "a storage and calculation
- system which resembles a piece of graph paper." In many popular
- spreasheet programs this "electronically alive grid" can act like a
- database (storage), calculator (accountant's pad) and graph production
- device (graph output). In effect the cells within the grid of this
- "electronic graph paper" can add, subtract, move and manage numbers
- and information.
-
-
- DATABASE SPREADSHEET USE OF A SPREADSHEET - AN EXAMPLE
-
-
- Study the illustration below then read the explanation which follows.
-
- A B C D
- ==========================================================
- 1 || | CLIENT CONTACT DATABASE | |
- 2 || | -------------------- | |
- 3 || | 1987-1988 | |
- 4 || | | |
- 5 ||NAME | DAY TEL | EVE TEL | FIRM |
- 6 || | | | |
- 7 ||Brown, Sam | 232-9090 | 111-7878 | Genl. Mega |
- 8 ||Happ, Sue | 687-9058 | 454-6767 | Whoops Inc |
- 9 ||Davis, Bob | 444-9999 | 343-0909 | Creamy Co |
- 10 || | | | |
- 11 || | | | |
- 12 || | | | |
- 13 || | | | |
- 14 || | | | |
- 15 || | | | |
- 16 || | | | |
- 17 || | | | |
- 18 || | | | |
-
-
- Just as we could keep client names, christmas card lists, key suppliers
- and inventories of goods in a book, we could also keep items to remember
- in a spreadsheet as illustrated. But the power and elegance of a
- spreadsheet is only partially storage and retrieval. We can also
- sort the data by phone number (list of all clients sorted by
- phone number or list of all clients sorted by last name). We can also
- search the data (find all clients employed by one firm). We can expand
- the database (add more names) We can expand the fields - columns in the
- spreadsheet (for example we could add yet more columns to the right to
- include address, birthdate, product ordered, date of last order, average
- dollar amount of order, date of first contact, etc). Once these new
- items of data have been added, we could again search and sort for various
- interesting facts (all clients in zip code 98040 having more than
- $2,000 of business with us).
-
- A spreadsheet typically refers to the boxes where information is
- stored as cells. Each cell has an address. Thus in the example
- cell A7 contains the name Sam Brown.
-
- Most spreadsheets are large! Many offer 256 columns and over 8000 rows!
- You scroll or move around to view one screen of data at a time.
- True database programs differ from spreadsheets in how they view the
- information and process it, but for many people, a spreadsheet used
- as a database is a simple, understandable and very fast way of storing,
- searching and sorting information.
-
-
- ANALYSIS/CALCUALTION USE OF A SPREADSHEET - AN EXAMPLE
-
- Study the illustration below then read the explanation which follows
-
- A B C D
- ==========================================================
- 1 || | CHECKBOOK BALANCING FORM | |
- 2 || | -------------------- | |
- 3 || | Outstanding |Outstanding |
- 4 || | Withdrawals: |Deposits: |
- 5 ||Bal from | | | |
- 6 ||statement: | 1500 | 50 | 25 |
- 7 || | | 50 | 25 |
- 8 ||Sum of all | | 100 | 50 |
- 9 ||outstanding | | 200 | |
- 10 ||withdrawals:| 500 | 100 | |
- 11 || | | | |
- 12 ||Sum of all | | | |
- 13 ||outstanding | | | |
- 14 ||deposits: | 100 | | |
- 15 || | | | |
- 16 ||Total: | 1100 | | |
- 17 || | |
- 18 ||Register: | 1100 <--- B16=B18, checkbook balanced! |
-
-
- A spreadsheet can also do calculations. We all have balanced a
- checkbook at some time. Most of us use the printed form on the back of the
- statement. You fill in the boxes with a pencil, find missing checks, post
- forgotten deposits and generally scratch and erase your way to a balanced
- and reconcilled checkbook each month. The spreadsheet above looks and
- acts about the same but does it more quickly. It adds new checks and
- erases errors more quickly, and when done prints out a final copy
- to your printer.
-
- When you update an entry on the form, it instantly adds the columns
- to arrive at new totals. Trial and error the easy way!
-
- The results from all numbers in column C are added and placed in the
- cell at postion B10. Similarly, the numbers in column D are added and
- placed in cell B14. Finally, a calculation is done to produce the
- result of B6+B14-B10 and placed in B16. This all happens in about
- 1/4 second!
-
- A feature common to many spreadsheets is the ability to create
- graphs of great variety: bar, pie, stacked bar, line and scatter
- graphs are quite commonly obtained from data placed into or
- calculated by the spreadsheet.
-
- Obviously more elaborate spreadsheet examples can be prepared which
- produce projections, budgets, salary expenses, tax reports and
- so forth. Just remember that the spreadsheet in its calculation mode
- can do thousands of calculations quickly and can change all cells
- based on one or two small changes in a few cells. Many spreadsheets
- have special functions for advanced statistical, financial, date and real
- estate formulas already imbedded or hidden in the structure of the
- spreadsheet. Macros (a form of multiple step programming or allowing
- the computer to type many keystrokes at once) are a common feature
- which provide yet further shortcuts with most spreadsheets.
-
- Many spreadsheets also have hidden "help screens" which you can quickly
- pop up into view for a refresher on points you have forgotten. These
- help screens are frequently "context sensitive" meaning you can
- stop while working with a spreadsheet formula and the help screen
- can "sense the context" of your location and jump immediately to
- a help screen on formulas!
-
- A spreadsheet obiously demands a sense of organization. Experienced
- spreadsheet users frequently suggest the following guidelines:
-
- * Try to create flexible spreadsheets. Using variables in your formulas
- instead of fixed values allows quick and easy substitution. A spreadsheet
- variable is a cell location which contains an important number or
- other assumption. By using a variable the underlying assumption can
- be changed without changing all the formulas throughout the spreadsheet.
- Change just one cell instead of many!
-
- * Be consistent from spreadsheet to spreadsheet. Try to keep items
- such as date the spreadsheet was created, author, description of task,
- variables, special reference cells in the same place - usually the
- top left corner for many users.
-
- * Keep things simple. Separating complex formulas and calculations into
- smaller intermediate steps or several cells can illustrate the problem
- and process better than one large, poorly documented formula stuffed
- into a single cell.
-
- * Test the results of your spreadsheet before putting it into use and
- from time to time in case of errors. Manually cross check calculations
- or enter the number "one" into several cells so you can mentally
- "see" that things look correct as results total. Try to build
- cross checking into your spreadsheet.
-
- * Document your spreadsheet with a clearly written purpose, procedures
- and formulas. Imbed this information directly into the spreadsheet.
- Describe where macros, range names, protected cells have been placed.
- Note books or magazines which gave rise to the spreadsheet.
-
- Spreadsheet packages include:
-
- (Commercial packages)
-
- Lotus 123
- VP Planner
- Quattro
- Supercalc
-
- (Shareware packages from computer clubs and BBS modem sources)
-
- Aseasyas
- Cubecalc
- PC-Calc
- Freecalc
- Bakers Dozen (small spreadsheet models)
-
-
- end of tutorial - now press escape key to return to menu.
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