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- USING DATABASES - THAT FEELING OF POWER
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- It is said that there are three classes of programs which interest
- business and home computer users:
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- Word processors help you talk about money.
- Spreadsheets help you keep track of money.
- Databases help you make money.
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- Given that provocative insight, let's probe deeper . . .
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- A database program allows you to store, sort, organize, retrieve and
- prepare reports about information in a logical way. Facts, figures
- and ideas all benefit from careful organization and selective retrieval
- sorting and storage.
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- Spreadsheets come with a formal layout (rows and columns) and are best
- used for seeing interactions BETWEEN cells and MAINIPULATING the
- results.
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- Databases require a more STRUCTURED format for the information. They are,
- however, more flexible in layout and allow more reporting variety on the
- information contained in the database. Most databases work with
- records or forms (like 3 x 5 cards). You can specify the information
- contained: names, addresses, client types and so on. Each form always
- contains the same information. Just like filing cards which always
- contain the same entries. A good way to think of a database is
- a filing box with many 3x5 inch cards - all with the same headings
- (field names). Each card of course contains different information
- filled in after the headings.
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- An example:
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- ---- CUSTOMER LIST ----
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- name: product used:
- address: frequency of use:
- city: social security no:
- state: birthday:
- zip: category:
- remarks: date of first contact:
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- The above is a simple screen layout for a database customer file
- or christmas card mailing list. Many databases can also list
- information in columns and in many different report styles. The exciting
- part of databases is that you can retrieve a single record or groups
- of records very quickly. You could, for example with the above database
- locate all customers you use a particular product. Or perhaps all
- customers in the same city over a certain age (calculated from
- the birthday field) who are contact within the last year (calculated
- from the date of first contact field).
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- There are two general styles or types of database programs: single file
- (also called flat file or file manager type) and multi-file (also
- called relational). Single file type databases operate on one set
- of information at a time while multi-file (relational) databases
- work with many interrelated sets of data at once. An example of
- single file would be cards in a recipie box; the cards could be sorted,
- searched and checked one at a time. A relational, multi-file database
- could interrelate a set of recipie cards and a set of cooks and a set
- of diners and a set of dates available for dinner - all at once!
- Complex, but useful . . .
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- Generally single file databases are easy and relatively inexpensive
- (as well as being suitable for beginners). Examples: reflex, pc-file,
- lotus 1-2-3, Q & A, pfs file. Multi-file databases are more complex,
- and more expensive. Examples: dbase, paradox, rbase.
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- Some databases store excess data during program operation on disc,
- while others store data only in limited ram memory during operation and
- then place the data on disc when the computer is shut off.
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- Reporting capabilities are also of interest. A database must be able
- to "let you see" the data in different ways. Some format possibilties
- are columns, cross tabs, graphs, extracted lists. The idea is flexibility.
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- Yet another area of interest is the importing and exporting (transfer)
- of data between programs. Some computer users maintain data and
- report on the results from a database program. However the data
- can be transferred from the database to a spreadsheet for closer
- analysis, graphic display or consolidation of results. This transfer
- capability also allows you to "take your data" to another program if
- you should outgrow the capabilities of a database which is fine
- for a beginner but later becomes too limiting in structure and
- capabilities.
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- Finally, modern database programs can act a bit like spreadsheets in
- allowing the calculation of fields. This means that if a number or
- item of data is entered into a field of the database, another field
- will instantly "fill itself in" with a number or word automatically.
- This calculation of results is based on the entry of the earlier
- database field!
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- end of file, now press escape key
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