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- CHMOD(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES CHMOD(1L)
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- NAME
- chmod - change the access permissions of files
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- SYNOPSIS
- chmod [-Rcfv] mode file...
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- DESCRIPTION
- This manual page documents the GNU version of chmod. chmod
- changes the permissions of each given file according to
- _m_o_d_e, which can be either a symbolic representation of
- changes to make, or an octal number representing the bit
- pattern for the new permissions.
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- The format of a symbolic mode is `[ugoa...][[+-
- =][rwxXstugo...]...][,...]'. Multiple symbolic operations
- can be given, separated by commas.
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- A combination of the letters `ugoa' controls which users'
- access to the file will be changed: the user who owns it
- (u), other users in the file's group (g), other users not in
- the file's group (o), or all users (a). If none of these
- are given, the effect is as if `a' were given, but bits that
- are set in the umask are not affected.
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- The operator `+' causes the permissions selected to be added
- to the existing permissions of each file; `-' causes them to
- be removed; and `=' causes them to be the only permissions
- that the file has.
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- The letters `rwxXstugo' select the new permissions for the
- affected users: read (r), write (w), execute (or access for
- directories) (x), execute only if the file is a directory or
- already has execute permission for some user (X), set user
- or group ID on execution (s), save program text on swap dev-
- ice (t), the permissions that the user who owns the file
- currently has for it (u), the permissions that other users
- in the file's group have for it (g), and the permissions
- that other users not in the file's group have for it (o).
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- A numeric mode is from one to four octal digits (0-7),
- derived by adding up the bits with values 4, 2, and 1. Any
- omitted digits are assumed to be leading zeros. The first
- digit selects the set user ID (4) and set group ID (2) and
- save text image (1) attributes. The second digit selects
- permissions for the user who owns the file: read (4), write
- (2), and execute (1); the third selects permissions for
- other users in the file's group, with the same values; and
- the fourth for other users not in the file's group, with the
- same values.
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- chmod ignores symbolic links; the chmod system call cannot
- change their permissions. This is not a problem since the
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- Sun Release 4.1 Last change: 1
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- CHMOD(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES CHMOD(1L)
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- permissions of symbolic links are never used.
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- OPTIONS
- -_c Verbosely describe only files whose permissions actu-
- ally change.
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- -_f Do not print error messages about files whose permis-
- sions cannot be changed.
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- -_v Verbosely describe changed permissions.
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- -_R Recursively change permissions of directories and their
- contents.
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