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.mt 8 .he .op C Tool Box A Library of Functions for Turbo C 1.00 Containing Graphics, Fonts, Windows, Sound, Background Sound Mouse, Joystick and Printer Controls and more Version 1.00 release date 22 August 1987 Copyright (c) 1987 by David A. Miller Unicorn Software 8018 NE 123rd St. Kirkland, WA 98034 (206) 823-4656 after 6:30 PM Pacific Time Zone (No collect calls Please) è Welcomσá t∩ thσ realφ oµ thσ mystica∞ Unicorn«á I⌠ ha≤á beeεá aε ì enjoyablσá proces≤ creatinτ thi≤ librar∙ anΣ thσ autho≥ hope≤ yo⌡ ì find it equally enjoyable to use. Disclaimer Thσ autho≥ ha≤ takeε duσ carσ iε thσ preparatioε oµ thi≤ manua∞ ì anΣ thσ associateΣ program≤ t∩ insurσ tha⌠ al∞ informatioε ì presenteΣ i≤ correc⌠ anΣ functiona∞ a≤ stated« N∩ warrant∙ i≤ ì madσ regardinτ thσ suitabilit∙ oµ thi≤ produc⌠ fo≥ an∙ specifiπ ì purpose. Consisten⌠ witΦ thσ requiremen⌠ oµ speeΣ iε mucΦ oµ ì thσ librar∙ anΣ thσ genera∞ philosoph∙ oµ ├ iε allowinτ thσ ì programme≥ completσ freedom¼ thσ amoun⌠ oµ erro≥ checkinτ ha≤ ì beeε helΣ t∩ ß minimum. Thσ autho≥ hereb∙ grant≤ permissioε t∩ al∞ user≤ t∩ transfe≥ ì copie≤ oµ thσ librar∙ t∩ thirΣ partie≤ subjec⌠ t∩ thσ condition≤ ì tha⌠ thσ entirσ librar∙ anΣ al∞ file≤ includinτ copyright≤ bσ ì transferreΣ iε ful∞ fo≥ n∩ feσ execep⌠ iε thσ casσ oµ user≤ group≤ ì whicΦ ma∙ chargσ ß copyinτ feσ no⌠ t∩ exceeΣ $7.00. Whilσ yo⌡ ma∙ usσ thσ librar∙ fo≥ persona∞ program≤ withou⌠ ì registration¼ thosσ wh∩ creatσ program≤ fo≥ salσ o≥ distributioε ì arσ requesteΣ t∩ registe≥ thei≥ copy« Thσ sourcσ codσ ma∙ NO╘ bσ ì distributeΣ t∩ ß thirΣ part∙ iε an∙ forφ withou⌠ thσ writteε ì permissioε oµ thσ author. Turb∩ ├ i≤ ß trademarδ oµ BorlanΣ International¼ Microsof⌠ C¼ ì MAS═ anΣ MSDO╙ arσ trademark≤ oµ Microsof⌠ Corp« IBM¼ IB═ PC¼ ì P├ XT¼ AT¼ DO╙ anΣ PCDO╙ arσ trademark≤ oµ Internationa∞ Busines≤ ì Machine≤ Corp.¼ Epsoε i≤ ß trademarδ oµ Epsoε Corp« Tandy¼ Tand∙ ì 1000 A and DMP 130 are trademarks of Tandy Corp.ì .paè.he C_Tool_Box_______________________________________________Page_# Background Thi≤ librar∙ i≤ thσ successo≥ t∩ thσ origina∞ Unicorε Librar∙ ì whicΦ ha≤ undergonσ severa∞ revision≤ anΣ essentiall∙ ha≤ becomσ ì ß ne≈ entity« Somσ oµ thσ curren⌠ revision≤ concerε simplσ ì orderinτ oµ thσ parameter≤ iε call≤ t∩ makσ thσ librar∙ morσ ì consistent« User≤ oµ thσ Unicorε librar∙ shoulΣ takσ particula≥ ì notσ oµ thi≤ point« Function≤ havσ beeε developeΣ fo≥ whicΦ thσ ì autho≥ ha≤ n∩ specifiπ neeΣ bu⌠ founΣ interestinτ t∩ implement« ì Man∙ oµ thσ function≤ arσ ß resul⌠ oµ use≥ suggestion≤ fo≥ whicΦ ì wσ thanδ thσ user≤ involved« Thσ autho≥ invite≤ user≤ t∩ makσ ì furthe≥ suggestions¼ a≤ ß worthwilσ challengσ i≤ alway≤ aε ì interestinτ learninτ experience. Thi≤ librar∙ contain≤ function≤ t∩ perforφ ß widσ variet∙ oµ ì task≤ Thσ function≤ ma∙ bσ divideΣ roughl∙ int∩ thσ followinτ ì categories: 1« Genera∞ vide∩ includinτ window≤ anΣ fas⌠ strinτ writes. 2« Graphics¼ includinτ ß variet∙ oµ norma∞ anΣ rotateΣ fonts 3« SounΣ includinτ backgrounΣ sounΣ function≤ simila≥ t∩ BASIC 4« Genera∞ function≤ servinτ ß widσ variet∙ oµ purposes 5« Printe≥ control¼ botΦ graphic≤ anΣ dais∙ wheel 6« Mousσ control 7« Joysticδ control EacΦ oµ thesσ grouping≤ overlap≤ t∩ somσ exten⌠ bu⌠ iε genera∞ ì all¼ excep⌠ thσ graphic≤ iε grou≡ 2¼ ma∙ bσ useΣ witΦ ß ì monochromσ system« Thσ genera∞ librar∙ i≤ designeΣ t∩ bσ useΣ ì witΦ Turb∩ ├ froφ BorlanΣ anΣ program≤ writteε usinτ thσ smal∞ ì memor∙ model« Othe≥ compiler≤ arσ supporteΣ anΣ librarie≤ ma∙ bσ ì requesteΣ froφ thσ autho≥ upoε registration« Iε additioε t∩ thi≤ ì basiπ library¼ thosσ availablσ includσ thσ largσ mode∞ fo≥ Turb∩ ì ├ anΣ botΦ model≤ fo≥ Microsof⌠ ├ ¿ Curren⌠ versioε )« Thσ ì autho≥ wil∞ als∩ makσ ß Latticσ ├ versioε 3.░ librar∙ availablσ ì iµ therσ arσ enougΦ requests« Whilσ thesσ arσ thσ basiπ ì compiler≤ thσ autho≥ ha≤ acces≤ to¼ other≤ ma∙ bσ supporteΣ iµ ì thσ numbe≥ oµ request≤ warrant. Thσ entirσ manua∞ i≤ no⌠ supplieΣ witΦ thσ Bulletiε BoarΣ ì versioε oµ thσ librar∙ duσ t∩ space« EnougΦ oµ thσ manua∞ i≤ ì includeΣ t∩ makσ thσ librar∙ usablσ includinτ ß brieµ descriptioε ì oµ eacΦ functioε anΣ ß cal∞ iε ß forφ simila≥ t∩ functioε ì prototyping« Thσ entirσ manua∞ i≤ availablσ oε disδ iε Wordsta≥ ì o≥ ASCI╔ tex⌠ forma⌠ anΣ wil∞ bσ sen⌠ t∩ al∞ registereΣ owner≤ ì (pleasσ specif∙ whicΦ format)« PreprinteΣ manual≤ arσ availablσ ì fo≥ thosσ wh∩ don'⌠ wisΦ t∩ prin⌠ ove≥ 20░ pages« Seσ thσ ì registratioε forφ fo≥ details« .paè First Things First Iµ yo⌡ havσ registereΣ you≥ librar∙ anΣ havσ thσ ful∞ sourcσ ì distributioε disks¼ yo⌡ shoulΣ havσ onσ disδ oµ ├ sourcσ codσ anΣ ì headers¼ onσ oµ AS═ sourcσ codσ anΣ eithe≥ ß disδ containinτ thσ ì manua∞ o≥ thσ preprinteΣ manua∞. Checδ you≥ disk≤ t∩ insurσ tha⌠ al∞ file≤ arσ readable« Therσ ì shoulΣ bσ 1┤ ├ sourcσ files¼ 1┤ AS═ sourcσ file≤ anΣ │ heade≥ ì file≤ a≤ oµ thi≤ writing« Thi≤ amount≤ t∩ ove≥ 500╦ oµ sourcσ ì code« Therσ i≤ n∩ particula≥ installatioε proces≤ fo≥ thi≤ library« I⌠ ì i≤ read∙ t∩ usσ a≤ is« Simpl∙ placσ thσ librar∙ iε thσ director∙ ì with the other libraries you use with your compiler. Man∙ oµ thσ critica∞ function≤ havσ beeε codeΣ iε assemble≥ fo≥ ì speed« Somσ oµ thσ presen⌠ function≤ codeΣ iε ├ (thσ font≤ ì remaininτ iε ├ anΣ rotateΣ font≤ iε particular⌐ wil∞ bσ codeΣ iε ì assemble≥ iε futurσ revisions« Therσ arσ ß fe≈ instance≤ wherσ ì function≤ perforφ simila≥ task≤ bu⌠ arσ codeΣ differently« Fo≥ ì example¼ therσ i≤ botΦ aε assemble≥ anΣ ß ├ functioε t∩ se⌠ thσ ì vide∩ mode« Somσ oµ thesσ havσ beeε lef⌠ a≤ learninτ tool≤ fo≥ ì thσ use≥ a≤ the∙ illustratσ botΦ approache≤ t∩ solutioε oµ ß ì particula≥ task« Sincσ thi≤ librar∙ wa≤ beguε a≤ ß learninτ ì project¼ i⌠ i≤ fel⌠ thσ use≥ ma∙ benefi⌠ froφ sucΦ material« Makσ ß backu≡ cop∙ beforσ yo⌡ d∩ anythinτ else« Thσ disk≤ arσ ì no⌠ copy-protectedé iε an∙ manner« Also¼ i⌠ woulΣ bσ helpfu∞ iµ ì yo⌡ reaΣ thσ filσ READ.M┼ a≤ i⌠ contain≤ thσ lates⌠ informatioε ì concerninτ thσ library« Wherσ thi≤ manua∞ anΣ READ.M┼ conflict¼ ì pleasσ regarΣ thσ READ.M┼ filσ a≤ beinτ thσ mos⌠ curren⌠ ì information« Therσ arσ dem∩ program≤ oε thσ disk¼ thσ larges⌠ beinτ CTDEMO.EX┼ ì anΣ CTDEMO.C« Thi≤ wa≤ compileΣ witΦ thσ librar∙ oε thσ ì distributioε disk≤ anΣ illustrate≤ thσ capabilit∙ oµ thσ librar∙ ì itselµ althougΦ i⌠ b∙ n∩ mean≤ use≤ o≥ illustrate≤ ever∙ functioε ì iε thσ library. Thσ library¼ a≤ delivereΣ normally¼ i≤ thσ smal∞ memor∙ mode∞ oµ ì Turb∩ C¼ anΣ al∞ references¼ unles≤ otherwisσ stated¼ wil∞ refe≥ ì t∩ tha⌠ configuration. Therσ arσ ove≥ 20░ functionsé containeΣ withiε thσ ├ Too∞ Bo° anΣ ì therσ i≤ ß shor⌠ referencσ sectioε givinτ ß brieµ samplσ cal∞ anΣ ì descriptioε oµ eacΦ functioε late≥ iε thσ manual« Thσ ì comprehensivσ sectioε followinτ tha⌠ give≤ ß completσ call¼ ì paramete≥ description¼ samplσ prograφ o≥ codσ fragmen⌠ ìèillustratinτ thσ fuction≤ usage¼ return≤ anΣ an∙ caveat≤ tha⌠ ma∙ ì occu≥ witΦ tha⌠ function. Al∞ oµ thσ function≤ wil∞ perforφ correctl∙ witΦ IB═ PC'≤ o≥ ì closσ compatibles¼ bu⌠ bσ awarσ tha⌠ fo≥ severa∞ oµ thσ critica∞ ì timinτ function≤ direc⌠ screeε writinτ i≤ useΣ t∩ improvσ ì performance« Unles≤ you≥ machinσ addresse≤ vide∩ memor∙ iε thσ ì samσ manne≥ a≤ thσ IBM¼ ß probleφ ma∙ exist« Thσ librar∙ wa≤ ì writteε oε ß Tand∙ 100░ ┴ anΣ ha≤ beeε ruε oε severa∞ othe≥ ì machine≤ witΦ completσ success. Al∞ function≤ beginninτ witΦ d° arσ designeΣ t∩ suppor⌠ ß dais∙ ì whee∞ printer« The∙ werσ developeΣ oε ß Epsoε printe≥ tha⌠ i≤ ì compatiblσ witΦ thσ DW-630« Al∞ function≤ begininτ witΦ g≥ arσ ì designeΣ t∩ suppor⌠ thσ IB═ graphic≤ printe≥ o≥ compatible« ì Thesσ werσ developeΣ oε ß TAND┘ DM╨ 130« Thosσ wh∩ arσ registereΣ owner≤ anΣ havσ thσ sourcσ codσ wil∞ ì finΣ tha⌠ onl∙ fou≥ function≤ neeΣ t∩ bσ altereΣ t∩ suppor⌠ othe≥ ì graphic≤ systems« Thesσ arσ thσ tw∩ do⌠ routine≤ (interna∞ anΣ ì external⌐ anΣ thσ tw∩ function≤ t∩ returε thσ colo≥ oµ ß pixe∞ ì (interna∞ anΣ external)« Al∞ othe≥ function≤ arσ baseΣ oε thesσ ì t∩ makσ conversioε easier« Thσ autho≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ acces≤ t∩ ß ì Hercule≤ systeφ fo≥ thi≤ conversion« ┴ conversioε t∩ thσ EG┴ i≤ ì currentl∙ underwa∙ althougΦ acces≤ t∩ aε EG┴ systeφ i≤ ver∙ ì limiteΣ fo≥ testinτ purposes. Update Policy I⌠ i≤ thσ polic∙ oµ Unicorε Softwarσ t∩ providσ onσ freσ updatσ ì fo≥ thσ librar∙ itselµ (no⌠ thσ sourcσ codσ whicΦ ma∙ bσ updateΣ ì fo≥ ß smal∞ fee⌐ anΣ notificatioε oµ onσ updatσ beyonΣ that« Iµ ì thσ ne≈ librar∙ i≤ registereΣ fo≥ thσ updatσ fee¼ theε wσ wil∞ ì star⌠ thσ proces≤ ove≥ agaiε anΣ yo⌡ wil∞ agaiε receivσ onσ freσ ì updatσ anΣ onσ notificatioε beyonΣ tha⌠ point« Thi≤ insure≤ ì user≤ wh∩ registe≥ wil∞ alway≤ havσ acces≤ t∩ thσ lates⌠ versioε ì oµ thσ Too∞ Box« Mino≥ release≤ wil∞ bσ placeΣ oε bulletiε ì board≤, bu⌠ registereΣ user≤ wil∞ no⌠ bσ notifieΣ directl∙ unles≤ ì the∙ s∩ request« (I⌠ i≤ fel⌠ tha⌠ mos⌠ woulΣ prefe≥ t∩ usσ thσ ì freσ updatσ fo≥ ß majo≥ release)« Currentl∙ thσ autho≥ place≤ ì copie≤ oµ thσ Too∞ Bo° (majo≥ anΣ mino≥ releases⌐ directl∙ oε thσ ì followinτ board≤ iε thσ Seattlσ area. 1. Journey to Mars (RBBS) 206 486-3136 2. Night Shift (RBBS) 206 488-0924 3. Planet Claire (RBBS) 206 783-8037 4. PNW IBM user group (RBBS) 206 343-7843 è Thσ autho≥ log≤ oε witΦ thσ namσ 'Davσ Millerº oε eacΦ oµ thesσ ì boards. Thσ mos⌠ likel∙ spo⌠ t∩ finΣ thσ autho≥ fo≥ feedbacδ woulΣ bσ ì Journey to Mars or Nightshift. Programming Style Thσ sourcσ codσ i≤ writteε iε standarΣ ╦ ª ╥ witΦ onσ deviation« ì Thσ autho≥ prefer≤ thσ openinτ anΣ closinτ brace≤ t∩ linσ u≡ s∩ ì insteaΣ of: if (i = 2) { printf("I = 2"); } you will find: if (i = 2) { printf("I = 2"); } in the source code for the Tool Box. Declaration of Functions Mos⌠ function≤ arσ eithe≥ voiΣ o≥ returε int« I⌠ i≤ no⌠ strictl∙ ì requireΣ t∩ declarσ theφ prio≥ t∩ use« I⌠ i≤ GOO─ PROGRAMMIN╟ ì PRACTICEé t∩ declarσ al∞ function≤ prio≥ t∩ use« Thi≤ practicσ ì wil∞ avoiΣ problem≤ witΦ thσ fe≈ function≤ whicΦ d∩ returε ß ì differen⌠ value¼ sucΦ a≤ ß pointe≥ t∩ ß window« .paè Technical Thi≤ librar∙ wa≤ createΣ usinτ thσ followinτ tools. Turb∩ ├ 1.00 Microsof⌠ Linδ 3.51 MAS═ 4.0 Microsof⌠ Librar∙ Manage≥ 3.02 Thσ module≤ useΣ anΣ thσ orde≥ the∙ shoulΣ appea≥ iε thσ librar∙ ì ma∙ bσ founΣ b∙ usinτ LI┬ t∩ creatσ aε LS╘ filσ oµ thσ library« ì Iµ yo⌡ registe≥ anΣ wisΦ t∩ recompilσ fo≥ ß differen⌠ memor∙ ì mode∞ o≥ compile≥, thi≤ orde≥ shoulΣ bσ preserved. A⌠ presen⌠, ß smal∞ buτ exist≤ iε thσ endsounΣ function« I⌠ wil∞ ì bσ bes⌠ iµ yo⌡ le⌠ backgrounΣ sounΣ ruε it≤ course¼ anΣ no⌠ ì attemp⌠ t∩ sto≡ i⌠ witΦ thi≤ command« Thi≤ wil∞ bσ fixeΣ iε thσ ì nex⌠ majo≥ releasσ ¿ Jaε 198╕ )« RegistereΣ owner≤ wil∞ ì automaticall∙ receivσ thσ ne≈ sourcσ fo≥ thi≤ functioε witΦ thei≥ ì freσ updatσ disk. Revision≤ arσ possiblσ iε somσ function≤ iε thσ nex⌠ release« ì Ever∙ possiblσ effor⌠ wil∞ bσ useΣ t∩ maintaiε FUL╠ ì compatibility¼ bu⌠ bσ awarσ tha⌠ thσ call≤ t∩ somσ windo≈ ì function≤ anΣ t∩ thσ backgrounΣ sounΣ function≤ ma∙ bσ altereΣ ì somewhat« Wheε usinτ thσ Too∞ Bo° pleasσ kee≡ thi≤ iε minΣ iµ ì yo⌡ plaε t∩ upgrade« I⌠ i≤ anticipateΣ thσ change≤ wil∞ no⌠ bσ ì extensivσ anΣ additiona∞ function≤ wil∞ bσ addeΣ whereve≥ ì possiblσ rathe≥ thaε alterinτ thσ existinτ functions« Thσ autho≥ ì wil∞ preservσ al∞ curren⌠ functioε call≤ intac⌠ iε al∞ release≤ ì beyonΣ thi≤ point. .paè Your First Program Usinτ thσ ├ Too∞ Boxé i≤ essentiall∙ quitσ simple« WitΦ Turb∩ ├ ì yo⌡ mus⌠ specif∙ an∙ module≤ t∩ bσ linkeΣ iε you≥ projec⌠ file« ì Iµ the∙ arσ no⌠ ├ file≤ theε thσ completσ extensioε mus⌠ bσ used« ì Fo≥ examplσ supposσ yo⌡ wisΦ t∩ builΣ ß filσ 'mytest.exeº froφ ì mytest.π anΣ thσ ├ Too∞ Boxé library« You≥ projec⌠ filσ shoulΣ bσ ì iε ß forφ simila≥ t∩ thσ below: mytest CTB100.LIB Wheε yo⌡ arσ withiε thσ Turb∩ ├ environmen⌠, simply usσ Al⌠ ╨ t∩ ì indicatσ thσ projec⌠ filσ namσ anΣ theε Al⌠ ╥ t∩ builΣ anΣ ruε ì you≥ program« Yo⌡ ma∙ als∩ builΣ you≥ prograφ froφ thσ commanΣ ì linσ b∙ typing: TC├ mytes⌠ CTB100.lib Eithe≥ approacΦ wil∞ builΣ you≥ prograφ anΣ linδ i⌠ witΦ thσ ├ ì Too∞ Boxé librar∙. Thσ dem∩ prograφ wa≤ buil⌠ usinτ thσ command: TC├ CTDEM╧ CTB100.LIB Therσ i≤ ß projec⌠ filσ oε thσ disδ iµ yo⌡ prefe≥ t∩ worδ withiε ì thσ Turb∩ ├ environment« Thσ dem∩ ma∙ bσ buil⌠ b∙ specifyinτ ì ctdem∩ a≤ thσ filσ anΣ ctdemo.prΩ a≤ thσ projec⌠ file« Usσ AL╘ ≥ ì t∩ ruε thσ prograφ o≥ AL╘ π t∩ compilσ it. .paè The Future Thσ nex⌠ majo≥ releasσ i≤ planneΣ fo≥ Jaε., 1988« Somσ ì of the ideas being considered and/or worked on are: 1. Animation functions 2. Data entry functions 3. Menu functions (including pulldown) 4. Additional window functions 5« Additiona∞ sounΣ functions 6« Font≤ - rewrittinτ thosσ lef⌠ codeΣ iε ├ iε assemble≥ ì fo≥ speeΣ anΣ ß truσ strokσ fon⌠ capability« Thi≤ wa≤ ì containeΣ iε thσ origina∞ Latticσ ├ version╗ Thσ autho≥ woulΣ likσ t∩ restorσ i⌠ witΦ ful∞ rotation¼ translatioε anΣ scalinτ fo≥ thσ nex⌠ majo≥ release. Thσ autho≥ wishe≤ t∩ continuσ providinτ thi≤ librar∙ t∩ user≤ iε ì thσ forφ oµ sharewarσ consisten⌠ witΦ use≥ support« I⌠ ha≤ beeε ì aε enjoyablσ sparσ timσ projec⌠ ove≥ thσ las⌠ yea≥ anΣ ß half« ì Thσ autho≥ feel≤ sharewarσ i≤ aε importan⌠ elemen⌠ iε today'≤ ì compute≥ environment. Pleasσ fee∞ freσ t∩ expres≤ you≥ opinioε oε wha⌠ yo⌡ wisΦ t∩ seσ ì madσ available« Le⌠ u≤ know! .paè Interna∞ Globa∞ Variables The librar∙ contains a serie≤ oµ globa∞ variables« Yo⌡ ì shoulΣ no⌠ usσ thesσ name≤ iε you≥ program≤ unles≤ yo⌡ ì specificall∙ wisΦ t∩ referencσ tha⌠ variable« Fo≥ examplσ usinτ ì ß variablσ nameΣ bdr▒ iε you≥ prograφ wil∞ resul⌠ iε ß linδ erro≥ ì a⌠ bes⌠ o≥ failurσ oµ thσ windowinτ function≤ tha⌠ usσ borde≥ ▒ ì a⌠ worst« Belo≈ i≤ ß lis⌠ oµ thesσ variable≤ anΣ thei≥ interna∞ ì meaning≤ t∩ thσ library. int BLACK the color black int BLUE the color blue int GREEN the color green int CYAN the color cyan int RED the color red int MAGENTA the color magenta int BROWN the color brown int GRAY the color gray int GREY the color gray int WHITE the color gray int DARK_GRAY the color dark gray int DARK_GREY the color dark gray int LTBLUE the color light blue int LTGREEN the color light green int LTCYAN the color light cyan int LTRED the color light red int LTMAGENTA the colorlight magenta int LTBROWN the color yellow int YELLOW the color yellow int LTWHITE the color light or bright white int NORMAL the normal monochrome attribute int UNDERLINE the underline monochrome attribute int REVERSE the reverse video monochrome attribute int BRIGHT the highlighted monochrome attribute int BLINK monochrome blink bit indicator int v_start starting address for video memory int ct_mode_ current video mode int ct_col_ current number of video columns in⌠ ct_color▀ indicate≤ iµ colo≥ i≤ alloweΣ (1⌐ o≥ no⌠ ì BORDER bdr1 a single line border for windows BORDE╥ bdr1▓ ß borde≥ witΦ ß singlσ vertica∞ linσ anΣ double horizontal lines. BORDE╥ bdr2▒ ß borde≥ witΦ doublσ vertica∞ line≤ anΣ a single horizontal line BORDER star a border of "*" characters BORDER dot a border of "." charactersèBORDER solid a border of solid blocks ( char 219) BORDER heart a border of heart characters BORDER space a blank border of space characters NOTE - The default border is a double line. BORDE╥ i≤ ß pointe≥ t∩ ß borde≥. WINDOW is a pointer to a box, generall∙ indicateΣ b∙ 'bpº iε documentation. Seσ thσ heade≥ CTB.╚ fo≥ additiona∞ variable≤ anΣ define≤ tha⌠ ì ma∙ bσ useful. .paè Registration Form Thi≤ librar∙ i≤ distributeΣ a≤ sharewarσ whicΦ simpl∙ mean≤ ì yo⌡ arσ freσ t∩ copy¼ usσ anΣ pas≤ copie≤ oε t∩ friend≤ fo≥ ì evaluation« Iµ yo⌡ decidσ i⌠ i≤ useful¼ yo⌡ ma∙ registe≥ you≥ ì cop∙ witΦ thσ author« Upoε registratioε yo⌡ wil∞ receivσ thσ ì completσ sourcσ codσ fo≥ thσ librar∙ anΣ ß cop∙ oµ thσ manua∞ oε ì disk« Thi≤ wil∞ consis⌠ oµ │ disks« Iε additioε yo⌡ wil∞ ì receivσ thσ firs⌠ updatσ disδ freeé anΣ notificatioε oµ an∙ ì furthe≥ updates« Majo≥ releasσ update≤ arσ occurinτ abou⌠ │ ì time≤ ß year. Thσ curren⌠ registratioε feσ i≤ $29.95é Name: ______________________________________________ Computer Type: ______________________________________________ Address: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ City/State/Zip: _________________________ ____ _____________ Library Version: _CTB_1.00___________________________________ Compiler: (check 1) Turbo C ___ Microsoft C ___ other __________ Morσ thaε onσ versioε ma∙ bσ requested« Pleasσ adΣ aε updatσ fee oµ $12.95 fo≥ eacΦ additiona∞ version. PreprinteΣ manua∞ page≤ suitablσ fo≥ placemen⌠ iε ß threσ rinτ ì binde≥ wil∞ bσ supplieΣ fo≥ aε additiona∞ $18.00. User Statement ╔ realizσ tha⌠ whilσ thσ librar∙ ma∙ bσ freel∙ giveε awa∙ t∩ ì thirΣ partie≤ thσ sourcσ codσ i≤ no⌠ publiπ domaiε anΣ ╔ agreσ t∩ ì protect the authors code and not to pass it on to third parties. Signed: ___________________________ Date: ________________ Comment≤ o≥ additiona∞ informatioε ma∙ bσ placeΣ oε thσ bacδ oµ ì this page. .paè Functioε Descriptions atsay (row, col, fore, back, *string); Print a string in color at row, column bacδ i≤ fo≥ graphics. It'≤ ß dumm∙ paramte≥ iε tex⌠ mode. bac16_4 (fore, back) Set≤á4░ columε tex⌠ modσ t∩ usσ highlighteΣ backgrounΣ ì colors back16_8 (fore, back) Set≤ 8░ columε tex⌠ modσ t∩ usσ highlighteΣá backgrounΣ ì colors backclr (color) Set the background color backsnd () Background sound function beepsp () Beeps the speaker with a tone similar to the DOS beep blink16_4 (fore, back) Sets 40 column text mode to normal blink attribute blink16_8 (fore, back) Sets 80 column text mode to normal blink attribute boxfill (x1, y1, x2, y2, color) Draws a box and fills it with color (assembler) boxtitle (bp, position, col, title, fore, back) Print a window title in the border burble (1/pitch, duration) Play≤ aε undescribablσ sounΣ iε thσ speaker« Yo⌡ havσ ì to try various numbers to see the variety. button () Returns joy stick button press status circle (rc, cc, radius, aspect_num, aspect_den, color) Draws graphics cicrle with aspect ratio cls () Clear the screen and return mode and number of columns è cls_clr (fore, back) Clear≤ tex⌠ screeε (8░ col)¼ set≤ attribute≤ anΣ place≤ ì the cursor in the 'home' position CM_INCH (cm) Convert cm to inches countch (*string, char) Returns # of times a char occurs in a string ct_bkclr (color) Set background color ct_char (row, col, fore, back, char) Write a character directly to the video buffer ctinit () Initializes video data for the windowing functions ctone (freq, duration) Sounds a tone of given frequency and duration ct_peek (row, col) Returns the WORD at row, col ct_poke (row, col, char) Pokes a WORD at row, col ctposit (row, col) Returns address of video memory byte at row, col ct_sm (mode) Set the video mode ct_str (row, col, fore, back, *string) Write a string directly to video buffer ct_vstr (row, col, fore, back, *string) Write a string vertically directly to video memory ct_wstr (row, col, fore, back, *string, bp) Write a string to video memory in a window ct_wvstr (row, col, fore, back, *string, bp) Write a vertical string to video memory in a window DEG_RAD (degrees) Convert degrees to radiansè delay (millisecs) Delay a number of ms, assumes 4.77 MHz clock drawbox (bp) Draws a predefined box on the screen dwarn2 () Issue a warning & exit if not DOS 2.00 or greater dwarn3 () Issue a warning & exit if not DOS 3.00 or greater dx120bs () Backspace the DW printer 1/120th inch dxback () Select backwards printing on the DW printer dxbi () Select bidirectional printing dxboldst () Begin bold print dxbs () Send a backspace dxbsend () End bold/shadow printing dxchwide (number) Set character width HMI (1/120ths inch) dxclr1tab () Clear 1 tab dxclrtab () Clear all tabs dxcr () Send a carriage return dxdefwid () Set DW printer to default HMI dxeject () Eject paper è dxff () Send a form feed dxfor () Select forward printing dxhlf () Send a half line feed dxht () Horizontal tab dxinit () Initialize the DW printer dxlf () Send a line feed dxlinsp (number) Set line spacing in (n-1)/48 inch dxlmarg () Set left margin dxpglen (length) Set page length dxrhlf () Send a reverse half line feed dxrlf () Send a reverse line feed dxsetht () Set a horizontal tab position dxshast () Start shadow printing dxundend () End underlined printing dxundlst () Begin underlining dxuni () Select unidirectional printing è endsound () Uninstal∞ thσ sounΣ time≥ interrup⌠ anΣ turε backgrounΣ ì music off equip () Returns a word indicating installed equipment flagdec () Decrements mouse cursor flag by one ì forward (pixels) Move the turtle forward a number of pixels GAL_LT (gallons) Convert gallons to liters gcomtype () Returns a byte indicating the computer type in use gcurpos (row, col, page) Return current cursor position getatch (page) Returns char and attribute at current cursor position getbcnt (which_button) Returns the count of mouse button presses getbrcnt (which_button) Returns mouse button releases getbstat () Returns current mouse button status getchne () Return keyboard character with no echo getctype (start, end, page) Return the current cursor start & end lines and page getcurp (&row, &col) Return cursor position getcurps (page, &row, &col) Returns cursor position on a specified page getdmaj () Return the DOS major version numberè getdmin () Return the DOS minor version number getdver () Return the DOS version number gethpos () Returns the current mouse horizontal position getkey () Destructive read of keyboard buffer getkeycd () Return keycode - waits for key stroke getmode () Returns the current video mode getpage () Returns the current video page getscode () Returns scan code for key stroke, waits for key getstate () Get video state, mode, width, page into register struct get_str () Get user string and replace CR with \0 getvpos () Returns the mouse current vertical position gliss (start_freq, end_freq, rate) sounds a glissando through the speaker GM_OZ (grams) Convert grams to ounces gothic (char, row, col, color) Writes a gothic character to the graphics screen hollow (char, row, col, color) Writes an outline character to the graphics screen INCH_CM (inches) Convert inches to cm è indexch (*string, char) Return the first position of a character in a string indexr (*string, char) Return the rightmost position of char in string iskey () Returns non-0 if key in buffer / 0 if no key kbstat () Returns the keyboard status byte keystat () DOS interrupt to return keyboard status byte KG_LB (kilograms) Convert kilograms to pounds KM_MI (kilometers) Convert kilometers to miles LB_KG (pounds) Convert pounds to kilograms lhjoystk () Return the current horizontal pos, of left joystick lightpen (&row, &col, &rasline, &ras_col) Read the lightpen position line (x1, y1, x2, y2, color) Draw a graphics line lprintf (*string) Print a string to the line printer lputch (char) Send a character to the printer lrotate (yc, xc, ys, xs, ye, xe, 3, angle) Draw a rotated line around a center point lsthpos (which_button) Return last mouse horiz. position when button pressed lsthrpos (which_button) Last mouse horiz. position when button released è lstvpos (which_button) Last mouse vertical pos. when button pressed lstrvpos (which_button) Last mouse vertical pos. when button release LT_GAL (liters) Conver liters to gallons lvjoystk () Return the current vertical pos. of left joystick M_YD (meters) Convert meters to yards makebdr (bp, type) Sets a border type for a window/box makebox (row, col, height, width, bfore, bback, ffore, fback) Defines a new box/window and returns a pointer to it memsize () Return memory size using int86 call mgun () Makes a machine gun tye sound through the speaker MI_KM (miles) Convert miles to kilometers moveto (row, col) Move the turtle to an absolute position mreset () Checks to see if mouse is installed msize () Returns the number of K Bytes of memory installed note (voice, octave, note, volume) Set a musical note for TANDY 1000 voice OZ_GM (ounces) Convert ounces to grams paint (row, col, color, border_color) fill a bounded region with color è palette (a, b, c) Change color set for graphics modes a = palette (0-3) b = 4 for normal colors / 5 for alternate color set c = background color pcurpos (row, col, page) Places cursor to location pencolor (color) Defines turtle pen color pendown () Places trutle pen on screen to draw penup () Lifts turtle pen off screen play (note, octave, time) plays a foreground tone in the speaker point (row, col, color) Lights a single graphics pixel prtbs () Send backspace to the graphics printer prtbuzz () Sound the printer bell prtcan () Cancel and clear the printer buffer prtcomof () Turn off compressed print prtcomon () Turn on compressed print mode prtcr () Send a carriage return to the graphics printer prtdubof () Turn off double print mode prtdubon () Turn on double print mode è prtempof () Turn off emphasized print mode prtempon () Turn on emphasized print mode prtsec () Send an ESC code to the printer prtff () Send a form feed to the graphics printer prtlf () Send a line feed prttab () Send atab to the graphics printer prtwidof () Turn off the double width character mode prtwidon () Turn on the double width character mode RAD_DEG (radians) Convert radians to degrees rascha≥ (char¼ ULR¼ ULC¼ hmag¼ vmag¼ color) Use≤ thσ interna∞ characte≥ fon⌠ description≤ t∩ ì display characters at larger sizes rdhcount () Reads current mouse horizontal motion counter rdvcount () Reads current mouse vertical motion counter readkey () Destructivσ returε oµ ASCI╔ anΣ scaε code≤ fo≥ ke∙ ì rect (ULR, ULC, LRR, LRC, color) Draw a filled rectangle rect1 (ULR, ULC, LRR, LRC, bdr_clr, rect_clr) Draw a flled rectangle bounded by a single pixel border rect2 (ULR, ULC, LRR, LRC, bdr_clr, rect_clr) Dra≈ ß flleΣ rectanglσ boundeΣ b∙ ß double pixe∞ borderè redalert () Plays a red alert sound through the speaker replacech (*string, old_char, new_char) Replaces ALL occurences of char in string resbox (bp) Removes a window/box from the screen and restores video rhjoystk () Return right joystick horizontal position rotate (yc, xc, x, y, angle) rotate a point around a given center point rvjoystk () Return right joystick vertical position savebox (bp) Saves the memory where a window/box will be drawn scankey () Returns scan and ASCII codes (non-destructive) script (char, row, col, color) Dra≈ ß simulateΣ handwritteε characte≥ oε thσ graphic≤ ì screen scrolldε (up_l_row¼ up_l_col¼ low_r_row¼ low_r_col¼ fore¼ back¼ ì num_rows) Scroll a bios window down scrollup (up_l_row¼ up_l_col¼ low_r_row¼ low_r_col¼ fore¼ back¼ ì num_rows) Scroll a bios window up setatten (voice, level) Sets attenuation level on Tandy 1000 sound chip setcallm (mask, address) Define a mouse subroutine mask setcur (h_hot, v_hot, cursor) Define and pass a mouse graphics cursor setcurp (row, col) Sets the cursor to location è setcurps (page, row, col) Sets position of cursor on the page setcurt (start, end) Sets the cursor type parameters setcurtp (start, end) Sets start and end lines for cursor setfreq (voice, freq) Set Tandy voice frequency sethor (min, max) Sets mouse min and max positions setpage (page) Set the current visual page number set_pal (color_set) Selects either color set 0 or 1 for graphics setpal (0/1) Selects a palette for graphics modes setpos (hor, ver) Set mouse cursor postion setsound () enable≤ thσ backgrounΣ sounΣ interrup⌠ anΣ use≤ note≤ ì iε arra∙ melod∙ anΣ timinτ iε arra∙ bea⌠ t∩ producσ ì background sound settxtc (type,screen_mask/first_line, cur_mask/lst_line) Select and define mouse text cursor setver (min, max) Set max and min vertical mouse positions sm (mode) Set the video mode smode (mode) set video moe using int86 soundoff () Turn off Tandy sound chip soundon () Turn on the Tandy sound chipè spalreg (reg#, color) Set the palette register values (Tandy & EGA only) spratio (hor, ver) Set mouse movement ratios str_cent (*string, *destination, width) Center a string within width strclr (fore, back, *string) C function to write a string in color strdel (*string, start, number) Delete a substring from a string strpad (*string, number) Add spaces to the left of a string strtolow (*string) Convert a string to all lower case strtoup (*string) Convert a string to all upper case tcos (angle) returε ▓ digi⌠ valuσ oµ cosinσ fo≥ wholσ degree≤ - ì operates faster for graphics plotting tone (freq, time_in_ms) play a tone - time assumes 4.77 MHz clock tsin (angle) returε ▓ digi⌠ valuσ oµ siε fo≥ wholσ degree≤ - ì operates faster for graphics than does the sin function turnleft (angle) Turns the turtle heading left turnright (angle) Turns the turtle heading right usrfont (char, ULR, ULC, hmag, vmag, color, font#) Allow≤ use≥ t∩ selec⌠ froφ predetermineΣ font≤ thσ ì style of character to display vbar3d (base, height, col, width, depth, color, outline_color) 3d bar graph plot function è wac (char, color/attribute, xor_flag) Write a character and attribute/color using BIOS call waitkey () Pauses and waits for key stroke if none in buffer watch (page, num_chars, char, fore, back) Writes character(s) in color using BIOS call wch (page, num_chars, char, color) Write≤ char(s⌐ t∩ pagσ (tex⌠ mode⌐ iε colo≥ (graphic≤ ì mode) wchtty (char, fore) Write≤ characte≥ usinτ tt∙ BIO╙ mode¼ colo≥ iµ graphic≤ ì mode in use wco (char, color) Writσ characte≥ onl∙ (colo≥ i≤ activσ iε graphics¼ ì dummy parameter in text modes) wgets (bp, row, col, len) Return a string that exists inside a window w_hline (row, col,fore, back, char, width) Draw a horizontal line of character wnoise (low_freq, high_freq, duration) Produces white noise over a specified freq range wputs (bp, str, row, col) Puts s string to a window using BIOS wtty (char, color) Writσ characte≥ iε TT┘ mode¼ colo≥ i≤ onl∙ activσ iε ì graphics modes, in text modes it is a dummy parameter w_hline (row, col, fore, back, ch, width) Draw a horizontal line of character w_vline (row, col, fore, back, char, height) Draws a vertical string of character YD_M (yards) Convert yards to meters .paè Appendix A Thi≤ sectioε oµ thσ manua∞ i≤ ß detaileΣ descriptioε oµ thσ ì functions« I⌠ include≤ ß descriptioε oµ thσ function¼ ß samplσ ì cal∞ froφ C¼ ß samplσ prograφ o≥ prograφ fragmen⌠ usinτ thσ ì functioε anΣ an∙ return≤ froφ thσ function« IncludeΣ als∩ arσ ì an∙ limits¼ peculiaritie≤ o≥ othe≥ informatioε abou⌠ thσ ì function≤ requireΣ fo≥ effectivσ usσ iε programming. .paè.he _C_Tool_Box___________________________________________Appendix_A_ atsay Thi≤ functioε i≤ simila≥ t∩ thσ dBAS┼ functioε oµ thσ samσ namσ ì iε tha⌠ i⌠ allow≤ thσ use≥ t∩ print¼ iε color¼ ß strinτ a⌠ ß ì specified location on the screen. Call: atsay(row, col, fore, back, *string) row = the starting row for the string col = the starting column for the string fore = the foreground color of the string back = the background color of the string string = the string to be printed on the screen Example: main() { /* sm(4); */ atsay(5, 10, 3, 2, "Testing"); } Thi≤ prograφ wil∞ prin⌠ thσ strinτ "Testingó oε thσ ì screeε iε colo≥ 3¼ startinτ a⌠ ro≈ ╡ columε 10« Iµ iε ì graphic≤ modσ (removσ thσ comments⌐ thσ backgrounΣ ì colo≥ wil∞ bσ colo≥ 2¼ fo≥ tex⌠ modσ thi≤ paramete≥ i≤ ì a dummy parameter. Return: None Caveats: BackgrounΣ colo≥ i≤ onl∙ activσ iε graphic≤ modes« Fo≥ ì tex⌠ mode≤ i⌠ i≤ ß dumm∙ parameter« Fo≥ writtinτ witΦ ì ß backgrounΣ colo≥ iε tex⌠ mode≤ usσ thσ watcΦ ì function. Bσ surσ thσ strinτ parameter≤ liσ withiε thσ screeε ì boundries. .paè This ends the Board version of the manual. Thσ ful∞ manua∞ wil∞ bσ sen⌠ witΦ al∞ librar∙ sourcσ codσ t∩ al∞ ì registereΣ owner≤ oµ thσ ├ Too∞ bo° Library« Therσ simpl∙ i≤ no⌠ ì enough room in a bulletin board sized file. Thi≤ sectioε oµ thσ manua∞ i≤ aε earl∙ version« Thσ fina∞ manua∞ ì wil∞ contaiε completσ description≤ oµ al∞ aspect≤ oµ thσ too∞ ì Box« I⌠ i≤ availablσ iε tw∩ disδ formats« Onσ suitablσ fo≥ ì printinτ froφ DO╙ anΣ onσ iε WordSta≥ format« I⌠ i≤ als∩ ì availablσ iε thσ forφ oµ preprinteΣ page≤ suitablσ fo≥ ß threσ ì ring binder. Thσá followinτ i≤ includeΣ sincσ thσ ful∞ manua∞ i≤ no⌠ witΦ thi≤ ì file. BACKGROUND SOUND FUNCTIONS INFORMATION Thσ number≤ fo≥ thσ musica∞ note≤ arσ listeΣ belo≈ fo≥ thσ octavσ ì starting with middle C: C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 The note 100 may be used for rests. Timing for the notes is in timer ticks (18.2 per second). See the full manual for further details. Placσ thσ note≤ iε aε arra∙ calleΣ melody[▌ anΣ thσ timinτ coun⌠ ì iε aε arra∙ calleΣ beat[]¼ seσ ctdemo.π fo≥ aε example« Othe≥ ì song≤ ma∙ bσ defineΣ witΦ note≤ anΣ timinτ iε differen⌠ array≤ ì bu⌠ thesσ wil∞ havσ t∩ bσ copieΣ int∩ thσ melod∙ anΣ bea⌠ array≤ ì beforσ activatioε thσ backgrounΣ sounΣ function« ┴ futurσ ì release will pass a pointer to the desired array.