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C Tool Box A Library of Functions for Turbo C 1.00 Containing Graphics, Fonts, Windows, Sound, Background Sound Mouse, Joystick and Printer Controls and more Version 1.00 release date 22 August 1987 Copyright (c) 1987 by David A. Miller Unicorn Software 8018 NE 123rd St. Kirkland, WA 98034 (206) 823-4656 after 6:30 PM Pacific Time Zone (No collect calls Please) Welcome to the realm of the mystical Unicorn. It has been an enjoyable process creating this library and the author hopes you find it equally enjoyable to use. Disclaimer The author has taken due care in the preparation of this manual and the associated programs to insure that all information presented is correct and functional as stated. No warranty is made regarding the suitability of this product for any specific purpose. Consistent with the requirement of speed in much of the library and the general philosophy of C in allowing the programmer complete freedom, the amount of error checking has been held to a minimum. The author hereby grants permission to all users to transfer copies of the library to third parties subject to the conditions that the entire library and all files including copyrights be transferred in full for no fee execept in the case of users groups which may charge a copying fee not to exceed $7.00. While you may use the library for personal programs without registration, those who create programs for sale or distribution are requested to register their copy. The source code may NOT be distributed to a third party in any form without the written permission of the author. Turbo C is a trademark of Borland International, Microsoft C, MASM and MSDOS are trademarks of Microsoft Corp. IBM, IBM PC, PC XT, AT, DOS and PCDOS are trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., Epson is a trademark of Epson Corp. Tandy, Tandy 1000 A and DMP 130 are trademarks of Tandy Corp. Background This library is the successor to the original Unicorn Library which has undergone several revisions and essentially has become a new entity. Some of the current revisions concern simple ordering of the parameters in calls to make the library more consistent. Users of the Unicorn library should take particular note of this point. Functions have been developed for which the author has no specific need but found interesting to implement. Many of the functions are a result of user suggestions for which we thank the users involved. The author invites users to make further suggestions, as a worthwile challenge is always an interesting learning experience. This library contains functions to perform a wide variety of tasks The functions may be divided roughly into the following categories: 1. General video including windows and fast string writes. 2. Graphics, including a variety of normal and rotated fonts 3. Sound including background sound functions similar to BASIC 4. General functions serving a wide variety of purposes 5. Printer control, both graphics and daisy wheel 6. Mouse control 7. Joystick control Each of these groupings overlaps to some extent but in general all, except the graphics in group 2, may be used with a monochrome system. The general library is designed to be used with Turbo C from Borland and programs written using the small memory model. Other compilers are supported and libraries may be requested from the author upon registration. In addition to this basic library, those available include the large model for Turbo C and both models for Microsoft C ( Current version ). The author will also make a Lattice C version 3.0 library available if there are enough requests. While these are the basic compilers the author has access to, others may be supported if the number of requests warrant. The entire manual is not supplied with the Bulletin Board version of the library due to space. Enough of the manual is included to make the library usable including a brief description of each function and a call in a form similar to function prototyping. The entire manual is available on disk in Wordstar or ASCII text format and will be sent to all registered owners (please specify which format). Preprinted manuals are available for those who don't wish to print over 200 pages. See the registration form for details. First Things First If you have registered your library and have the full source distribution disks, you should have one disk of C source code and headers, one of ASM source code and either a disk containing the manual or the preprinted manual. Check your disks to insure that all files are readable. There should be 14 C source files, 14 ASM source files and 3 header files as of this writing. This amounts to over 500K of source code. There is no particular installation process for this library. It is ready to use as is. Simply place the library in the directory with the other libraries you use with your compiler. Many of the critical functions have been coded in assembler for speed. Some of the present functions coded in C (the fonts remaining in C and rotated fonts in particular) will be coded in assembler in future revisions. There are a few instances where functions perform similar tasks but are coded differently. For example, there is both an assembler and a C function to set the video mode. Some of these have been left as learning tools for the user as they illustrate both approaches to solution of a particular task. Since this library was begun as a learning project, it is felt the user may benefit from such material. Make a backup copy before you do anything else. The disks are not copy-protected in any manner. Also, it would be helpful if you read the file READ.ME as it contains the latest information concerning the library. Where this manual and READ.ME conflict, please regard the READ.ME file as being the most current information. There are demo programs on the disk, the largest being CTDEMO.EXE and CTDEMO.C. This was compiled with the library on the distribution disks and illustrates the capability of the library itself although it by no means uses or illustrates every function in the library. The library, as delivered normally, is the small memory model of Turbo C, and all references, unless otherwise stated, will refer to that configuration. There are over 200 functions contained within the C Tool Box and there is a short reference section giving a brief sample call and description of each function later in the manual. The comprehensive section following that gives a complete call, parameter description, sample program or code fragment illustrating the fuctions usage, returns and any caveats that may occur with that function. All of the functions will perform correctly with IBM PC's or close compatibles, but be aware that for several of the critical timing functions direct screen writing is used to improve performance. Unless your machine addresses video memory in the same manner as the IBM, a problem may exist. The library was written on a Tandy 1000 A and has been run on several other machines with complete success. All functions beginning with dx are designed to support a daisy wheel printer. They were developed on a Epson printer that is compatible with the DW-630. All functions begining with gr are designed to support the IBM graphics printer or compatible. These were developed on a TANDY DMP 130. Those who are registered owners and have the source code will find that only four functions need to be altered to support other graphics systems. These are the two dot routines (internal and external) and the two functions to return the color of a pixel (internal and external). All other functions are based on these to make conversion easier. The author does not have access to a Hercules system for this conversion. A conversion to the EGA is currently underway although access to an EGA system is very limited for testing purposes. Update Policy It is the policy of Unicorn Software to provide one free update for the library itself (not the source code which may be updated for a small fee) and notification of one update beyond that. If the new library is registered for the update fee, then we will start the process over again and you will again receive one free update and one notification beyond that point. This insures users who register will always have access to the latest version of the Tool Box. Minor releases will be placed on bulletin boards, but registered users will not be notified directly unless they so request. (It is felt that most would prefer to use the free update for a major release). Currently the author places copies of the Tool Box (major and minor releases) directly on the following boards in the Seattle area. 1. Journey to Mars (RBBS) 206 486-3136 2. Night Shift (RBBS) 206 488-0924 3. Planet Claire (RBBS) 206 783-8037 4. PNW IBM user group (RBBS) 206 343-7843 The author logs on with the name 'Dave Miller' on each of these boards. The most likely spot to find the author for feedback would be Journey to Mars or Nightshift. Programming Style The source code is written in standard K & R with one deviation. The author prefers the opening and closing braces to line up so instead of: if (i = 2) { printf("I = 2"); } you will find: if (i = 2) { printf("I = 2"); } in the source code for the Tool Box. Declaration of Functions Most functions are either void or return int. It is not strictly required to declare them prior to use. It is GOOD PROGRAMMING PRACTICE to declare all functions prior to use. This practice will avoid problems with the few functions which do return a different value, such as a pointer to a window. Technical This library was created using the following tools. Turbo C 1.00 Microsoft Link 3.51 MASM 4.0 Microsoft Library Manager 3.02 The modules used and the order they should appear in the library may be found by using LIB to create an LST file of the library. If you register and wish to recompile for a different memory model or compiler, this order should be preserved. At present, a small bug exists in the endsound function. It will be best if you let background sound run its course, and not attempt to stop it with this command. This will be fixed in the next major release ( Jan 1988 ). Registered owners will automatically receive the new source for this function with their free update disk. Revisions are possible in some functions in the next release. Every possible effort will be used to maintain FULL compatibility, but be aware that the calls to some window functions and to the background sound functions may be altered somewhat. When using the Tool Box please keep this in mind if you plan to upgrade. It is anticipated the changes will not be extensive and additional functions will be added wherever possible rather than altering the existing functions. The author will preserve all current function calls intact in all releases beyond this point. Your First Program Using the C Tool Box is essentially quite simple. With Turbo C you must specify any modules to be linked in your project file. If they are not C files then the complete extension must be used. For example suppose you wish to build a file 'mytest.exe' from mytest.c and the C Tool Box library. Your project file should be in a form similar to the below: mytest CTB100.LIB When you are within the Turbo C environment, simply use Alt P to indicate the project file name and then Alt R to build and run your program. You may also build your program from the command line by typing: TCC mytest CTB100.lib Either approach will build your program and link it with the C Tool Box library. The demo program was built using the command: TCC CTDEMO CTB100.LIB There is a project file on the disk if you prefer to work within the Turbo C environment. The demo may be built by specifying ctdemo as the file and ctdemo.prj as the project file. Use ALT r to run the program or ALT c to compile it. The Future The next major release is planned for Jan., 1988. Some of the ideas being considered and/or worked on are: 1. Animation functions 2. Data entry functions 3. Menu functions (including pulldown) 4. Additional window functions 5. Additional sound functions 6. Fonts - rewritting those left coded in C in assembler for speed and a true stroke font capability. This was contained in the original Lattice C version; The author would like to restore it with full rotation, translation and scaling for the next major release. The author wishes to continue providing this library to users in the form of shareware consistent with user support. It has been an enjoyable spare time project over the last year and a half. The author feels shareware is an important element in today's computer environment. Please feel free to express your opinion on what you wish to see made available. Let us know! Internal Global Variables The library contains a series of global variables. You should not use these names in your programs unless you specifically wish to reference that variable. For example using a variable named bdr1 in your program will result in a link error at best or failure of the windowing functions that use border 1 at worst. Below is a list of these variables and their internal meanings to the library. int BLACK the color black int BLUE the color blue int GREEN the color green int CYAN the color cyan int RED the color red int MAGENTA the color magenta int BROWN the color brown int GRAY the color gray int GREY the color gray int WHITE the color gray int DARK_GRAY the color dark gray int DARK_GREY the color dark gray int LTBLUE the color light blue int LTGREEN the color light green int LTCYAN the color light cyan int LTRED the color light red int LTMAGENTA the colorlight magenta int LTBROWN the color yellow int YELLOW the color yellow int LTWHITE the color light or bright white int NORMAL the normal monochrome attribute int UNDERLINE the underline monochrome attribute int REVERSE the reverse video monochrome attribute int BRIGHT the highlighted monochrome attribute int BLINK monochrome blink bit indicator int v_start starting address for video memory int ct_mode_ current video mode int ct_col_ current number of video columns int ct_color_ indicates if color is allowed (1) or not BORDER bdr1 a single line border for windows BORDER bdr12 a border with a single vertical line and double horizontal lines. BORDER bdr21 a border with double vertical lines and a single horizontal line BORDER star a border of "*" characters BORDER dot a border of "." characters BORDER solid a border of solid blocks ( char 219) BORDER heart a border of heart characters BORDER space a blank border of space characters NOTE - The default border is a double line. BORDER is a pointer to a border. WINDOW is a pointer to a box, generally indicated by 'bp' in documentation. See the header CTB.H for additional variables and defines that may be useful. Registration Form This library is distributed as shareware which simply means you are free to copy, use and pass copies on to friends for evaluation. If you decide it is useful, you may register your copy with the author. Upon registration you will receive the complete source code for the library and a copy of the manual on disk. This will consist of 3 disks. In addition you will receive the first update disk free and notification of any further updates. Major release updates are occuring about 3 times a year. The current registration fee is $29.95 Name: ______________________________________________ Computer Type: ______________________________________________ Address: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ City/State/Zip: _________________________ ____ _____________ Library Version: _CTB_1.00___________________________________ Compiler: (check 1) Turbo C ___ Microsoft C ___ other __________ More than one version may be requested. Please add an update fee of $12.95 for each additional version. Preprinted manual pages suitable for placement in a three ring binder will be supplied for an additional $18.00. User Statement I realize that while the library may be freely given away to third parties the source code is not public domain and I agree to protect the authors code and not to pass it on to third parties. Signed: ___________________________ Date: ________________ Comments or additional information may be placed on the back of this page. Function Descriptions atsay (row, col, fore, back, *string); Print a string in color at row, column back is for graphics. It's a dummy paramter in text mode. bac16_4 (fore, back) Sets 40 column text mode to use highlighted background colors back16_8 (fore, back) Sets 80 column text mode to use highlighted background colors backclr (color) Set the background color backsnd () Background sound function beepsp () Beeps the speaker with a tone similar to the DOS beep blink16_4 (fore, back) Sets 40 column text mode to normal blink attribute blink16_8 (fore, back) Sets 80 column text mode to normal blink attribute boxfill (x1, y1, x2, y2, color) Draws a box and fills it with color (assembler) boxtitle (bp, position, col, title, fore, back) Print a window title in the border burble (1/pitch, duration) Plays an undescribable sound in the speaker. You have to try various numbers to see the variety. button () Returns joy stick button press status circle (rc, cc, radius, aspect_num, aspect_den, color) Draws graphics cicrle with aspect ratio cls () Clear the screen and return mode and number of columns cls_clr (fore, back) Clears text screen (80 col), sets attributes and places the cursor in the 'home' position CM_INCH (cm) Convert cm to inches countch (*string, char) Returns # of times a char occurs in a string ct_bkclr (color) Set background color ct_char (row, col, fore, back, char) Write a character directly to the video buffer ctinit () Initializes video data for the windowing functions ctone (freq, duration) Sounds a tone of given frequency and duration ct_peek (row, col) Returns the WORD at row, col ct_poke (row, col, char) Pokes a WORD at row, col ctposit (row, col) Returns address of video memory byte at row, col ct_sm (mode) Set the video mode ct_str (row, col, fore, back, *string) Write a string directly to video buffer ct_vstr (row, col, fore, back, *string) Write a string vertically directly to video memory ct_wstr (row, col, fore, back, *string, bp) Write a string to video memory in a window ct_wvstr (row, col, fore, back, *string, bp) Write a vertical string to video memory in a window DEG_RAD (degrees) Convert degrees to radians delay (millisecs) Delay a number of ms, assumes 4.77 MHz clock drawbox (bp) Draws a predefined box on the screen dwarn2 () Issue a warning & exit if not DOS 2.00 or greater dwarn3 () Issue a warning & exit if not DOS 3.00 or greater dx120bs () Backspace the DW printer 1/120th inch dxback () Select backwards printing on the DW printer dxbi () Select bidirectional printing dxboldst () Begin bold print dxbs () Send a backspace dxbsend () End bold/shadow printing dxchwide (number) Set character width HMI (1/120ths inch) dxclr1tab () Clear 1 tab dxclrtab () Clear all tabs dxcr () Send a carriage return dxdefwid () Set DW printer to default HMI dxeject () Eject paper dxff () Send a form feed dxfor () Select forward printing dxhlf () Send a half line feed dxht () Horizontal tab dxinit () Initialize the DW printer dxlf () Send a line feed dxlinsp (number) Set line spacing in (n-1)/48 inch dxlmarg () Set left margin dxpglen (length) Set page length dxrhlf () Send a reverse half line feed dxrlf () Send a reverse line feed dxsetht () Set a horizontal tab position dxshast () Start shadow printing dxundend () End underlined printing dxundlst () Begin underlining dxuni () Select unidirectional printing endsound () Uninstall the sound timer interrupt and turn background music off equip () Returns a word indicating installed equipment flagdec () Decrements mouse cursor flag by one forward (pixels) Move the turtle forward a number of pixels GAL_LT (gallons) Convert gallons to liters gcomtype () Returns a byte indicating the computer type in use gcurpos (row, col, page) Return current cursor position getatch (page) Returns char and attribute at current cursor position getbcnt (which_button) Returns the count of mouse button presses getbrcnt (which_button) Returns mouse button releases getbstat () Returns current mouse button status getchne () Return keyboard character with no echo getctype (start, end, page) Return the current cursor start & end lines and page getcurp (&row, &col) Return cursor position getcurps (page, &row, &col) Returns cursor position on a specified page getdmaj () Return the DOS major version number getdmin () Return the DOS minor version number getdver () Return the DOS version number gethpos () Returns the current mouse horizontal position getkey () Destructive read of keyboard buffer getkeycd () Return keycode - waits for key stroke getmode () Returns the current video mode getpage () Returns the current video page getscode () Returns scan code for key stroke, waits for key getstate () Get video state, mode, width, page into register struct get_str () Get user string and replace CR with \0 getvpos () Returns the mouse current vertical position gliss (start_freq, end_freq, rate) sounds a glissando through the speaker GM_OZ (grams) Convert grams to ounces gothic (char, row, col, color) Writes a gothic character to the graphics screen hollow (char, row, col, color) Writes an outline character to the graphics screen INCH_CM (inches) Convert inches to cm indexch (*string, char) Return the first position of a character in a string indexr (*string, char) Return the rightmost position of char in string iskey () Returns non-0 if key in buffer / 0 if no key kbstat () Returns the keyboard status byte keystat () DOS interrupt to return keyboard status byte KG_LB (kilograms) Convert kilograms to pounds KM_MI (kilometers) Convert kilometers to miles LB_KG (pounds) Convert pounds to kilograms lhjoystk () Return the current horizontal pos, of left joystick lightpen (&row, &col, &rasline, &ras_col) Read the lightpen position line (x1, y1, x2, y2, color) Draw a graphics line lprintf (*string) Print a string to the line printer lputch (char) Send a character to the printer lrotate (yc, xc, ys, xs, ye, xe, 3, angle) Draw a rotated line around a center point lsthpos (which_button) Return last mouse horiz. position when button pressed lsthrpos (which_button) Last mouse horiz. position when button released lstvpos (which_button) Last mouse vertical pos. when button pressed lstrvpos (which_button) Last mouse vertical pos. when button release LT_GAL (liters) Conver liters to gallons lvjoystk () Return the current vertical pos. of left joystick M_YD (meters) Convert meters to yards makebdr (bp, type) Sets a border type for a window/box makebox (row, col, height, width, bfore, bback, ffore, fback) Defines a new box/window and returns a pointer to it memsize () Return memory size using int86 call mgun () Makes a machine gun tye sound through the speaker MI_KM (miles) Convert miles to kilometers moveto (row, col) Move the turtle to an absolute position mreset () Checks to see if mouse is installed msize () Returns the number of K Bytes of memory installed note (voice, octave, note, volume) Set a musical note for TANDY 1000 voice OZ_GM (ounces) Convert ounces to grams paint (row, col, color, border_color) fill a bounded region with color palette (a, b, c) Change color set for graphics modes a = palette (0-3) b = 4 for normal colors / 5 for alternate color set c = background color pcurpos (row, col, page) Places cursor to location pencolor (color) Defines turtle pen color pendown () Places trutle pen on screen to draw penup () Lifts turtle pen off screen play (note, octave, time) plays a foreground tone in the speaker point (row, col, color) Lights a single graphics pixel prtbs () Send backspace to the graphics printer prtbuzz () Sound the printer bell prtcan () Cancel and clear the printer buffer prtcomof () Turn off compressed print prtcomon () Turn on compressed print mode prtcr () Send a carriage return to the graphics printer prtdubof () Turn off double print mode prtdubon () Turn on double print mode prtempof () Turn off emphasized print mode prtempon () Turn on emphasized print mode prtsec () Send an ESC code to the printer prtff () Send a form feed to the graphics printer prtlf () Send a line feed prttab () Send atab to the graphics printer prtwidof () Turn off the double width character mode prtwidon () Turn on the double width character mode RAD_DEG (radians) Convert radians to degrees raschar (char, ULR, ULC, hmag, vmag, color) Uses the internal character font descriptions to display characters at larger sizes rdhcount () Reads current mouse horizontal motion counter rdvcount () Reads current mouse vertical motion counter readkey () Destructive return of ASCII and scan codes for key rect (ULR, ULC, LRR, LRC, color) Draw a filled rectangle rect1 (ULR, ULC, LRR, LRC, bdr_clr, rect_clr) Draw a flled rectangle bounded by a single pixel border rect2 (ULR, ULC, LRR, LRC, bdr_clr, rect_clr) Draw a flled rectangle bounded by a double pixel border redalert () Plays a red alert sound through the speaker replacech (*string, old_char, new_char) Replaces ALL occurences of char in string resbox (bp) Removes a window/box from the screen and restores video rhjoystk () Return right joystick horizontal position rotate (yc, xc, x, y, angle) rotate a point around a given center point rvjoystk () Return right joystick vertical position savebox (bp) Saves the memory where a window/box will be drawn scankey () Returns scan and ASCII codes (non-destructive) script (char, row, col, color) Draw a simulated handwritten character on the graphics screen scrolldn (up_l_row, up_l_col, low_r_row, low_r_col, fore, back, num_rows) Scroll a bios window down scrollup (up_l_row, up_l_col, low_r_row, low_r_col, fore, back, num_rows) Scroll a bios window up setatten (voice, level) Sets attenuation level on Tandy 1000 sound chip setcallm (mask, address) Define a mouse subroutine mask setcur (h_hot, v_hot, cursor) Define and pass a mouse graphics cursor setcurp (row, col) Sets the cursor to location setcurps (page, row, col) Sets position of cursor on the page setcurt (start, end) Sets the cursor type parameters setcurtp (start, end) Sets start and end lines for cursor setfreq (voice, freq) Set Tandy voice frequency sethor (min, max) Sets mouse min and max positions setpage (page) Set the current visual page number set_pal (color_set) Selects either color set 0 or 1 for graphics setpal (0/1) Selects a palette for graphics modes setpos (hor, ver) Set mouse cursor postion setsound () enables the background sound interrupt and uses notes in array melody and timing in array beat to produce background sound settxtc (type,screen_mask/first_line, cur_mask/lst_line) Select and define mouse text cursor setver (min, max) Set max and min vertical mouse positions sm (mode) Set the video mode smode (mode) set video moe using int86 soundoff () Turn off Tandy sound chip soundon () Turn on the Tandy sound chip spalreg (reg#, color) Set the palette register values (Tandy & EGA only) spratio (hor, ver) Set mouse movement ratios str_cent (*string, *destination, width) Center a string within width strclr (fore, back, *string) C function to write a string in color strdel (*string, start, number) Delete a substring from a string strpad (*string, number) Add spaces to the left of a string strtolow (*string) Convert a string to all lower case strtoup (*string) Convert a string to all upper case tcos (angle) return 2 digit value of cosine for whole degrees - operates faster for graphics plotting tone (freq, time_in_ms) play a tone - time assumes 4.77 MHz clock tsin (angle) return 2 digit value of sin for whole degrees - operates faster for graphics than does the sin function turnleft (angle) Turns the turtle heading left turnright (angle) Turns the turtle heading right usrfont (char, ULR, ULC, hmag, vmag, color, font#) Allows user to select from predetermined fonts the style of character to display vbar3d (base, height, col, width, depth, color, outline_color) 3d bar graph plot function wac (char, color/attribute, xor_flag) Write a character and attribute/color using BIOS call waitkey () Pauses and waits for key stroke if none in buffer watch (page, num_chars, char, fore, back) Writes character(s) in color using BIOS call wch (page, num_chars, char, color) Writes char(s) to page (text mode) in color (graphics mode) wchtty (char, fore) Writes character using tty BIOS mode, color if graphics mode in use wco (char, color) Write character only (color is active in graphics, dummy parameter in text modes) wgets (bp, row, col, len) Return a string that exists inside a window w_hline (row, col,fore, back, char, width) Draw a horizontal line of character wnoise (low_freq, high_freq, duration) Produces white noise over a specified freq range wputs (bp, str, row, col) Puts s string to a window using BIOS wtty (char, color) Write character in TTY mode, color is only active in graphics modes, in text modes it is a dummy parameter w_hline (row, col, fore, back, ch, width) Draw a horizontal line of character w_vline (row, col, fore, back, char, height) Draws a vertical string of character YD_M (yards) Convert yards to meters Appendix A This section of the manual is a detailed description of the functions. It includes a description of the function, a sample call from C, a sample program or program fragment using the function and any returns from the function. Included also are any limits, peculiarities or other information about the functions required for effective use in programming. atsay This function is similar to the dBASE function of the same name in that it allows the user to print, in color, a string at a specified location on the screen. Call: atsay(row, col, fore, back, *string) row = the starting row for the string col = the starting column for the string fore = the foreground color of the string back = the background color of the string string = the string to be printed on the screen Example: main() { /* sm(4); */ atsay(5, 10, 3, 2, "Testing"); } This program will print the string "Testing" on the screen in color 3, starting at row 5 column 10. If in graphics mode (remove the comments) the background color will be color 2, for text mode this parameter is a dummy parameter. Return: None Caveats: Background color is only active in graphics modes. For text modes it is a dummy parameter. For writting with a background color in text modes use the watch function. Be sure the string parameters lie within the screen boundries. This ends the Board version of the manual. The full manual will be sent with all library source code to all registered owners of the C Tool box Library. There simply is not enough room in a bulletin board sized file. This section of the manual is an early version. The final manual will contain complete descriptions of all aspects of the tool Box. It is available in two disk formats. One suitable for printing from DOS and one in WordStar format. It is also available in the form of preprinted pages suitable for a three ring binder. The following is included since the full manual is not with this file. BACKGROUND SOUND FUNCTIONS INFORMATION The numbers for the musical notes are listed below for the octave starting with middle C: C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 The note 100 may be used for rests. Timing for the notes is in timer ticks (18.2 per second). See the full manual for further details. Place the notes in an array called melody[] and the timing count in an array called beat[], see ctdemo.c for an example. Other songs may be defined with notes and timing in different arrays but these will have to be copied into the melody and beat arrays before activation the background sound function. A future release will pass a pointer to the desired array. eat arrays before activation the background sound function. A future release will pass a pointer to the desire