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- <P>
- <blockquote>
- <H2>THE PERUVIAN ANDES Part 2</H2>
- <dd>The Andes form the Pacific face of South America, extending from Colombia
- in the north down to Tierre del Fuego at the southern most tip of the
- continent. In Peru the Andes consist of a series of parallel ranges, or
- high cordilleras. It was here, in the central Peruvian Andes, amidst
- rugged peaks and wide, high plateaus, (altiplano) that the Inca rulers
- built their ceremonial and administrative centers in places such as Cuzco,
- Sacsahuaman (the Temple of the Sun), Ollantaitambo, and Machu Picchu.
- <p>
- <dd>Prior to the arrival of the Spanish, the Inca had invented clocks,
- aqueducts, fertilizer (from guano), agricultural terracing, and the use of
- metal alloys. However, they had not yet invented the wheel. This fact is
- all the more surprising when we realize that without the aid of the wheel
- they were able to construct monumental stone buildings by transporting huge
- stone monoliths and boulders from distant quarries up steep mountainsides.
- Prescott, author of the classic account of the Inca, The Conquest of Peru,
- wrote that the stones in the Temple of the Sun were "full thirty-eight feet
- long, by eighteen broad, and six feet thick." Even more impressive is the
- fact that these huge stones fit together like clockwork, with out the use
- of mortar.
- <p>
- <dd>The descendants of members of the original Inca are the
- Quechua-speaking Indians who continue to live in the altiplano. Although
- they have many modern conveniences today, such as radios, and in some
- cases, even electricity, television and telephones, in many Quechua
- communities basic subsistence is much like it was in the past. People
- continue to grow potatoes-a crop whose origin is in this region of South
- America-maize and squash-two other food crops that originated in the New
- World and were later dispered, through colonization, to other corners of
- the globe. They also raise sheep, llamas, and alpacas. These latter
- animals, with their long, thin legs and thick coats of hair, are well
- adapted to the cold and rugged climate of the Andes. They are valued not
- only for their fleece, which women spin into thread to be woven into warm
- blankets, jackets, and other items of clothing, but they also serve as
- beasts of burden, carrying heavy loads along narrow mountain paths.
- Finally, the flesh of llama and alpaca are sometimes used in religious
- ceremonies as animal sacrifices made to the gods, especially to the
- Pachamama, the female goddess of the earth and fertility.
- <p>
- <div align=right><b>Nancy Lutkehaus</b></div>
- </BLOCKQUOTE>
- <CENTER>
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