LANGUAGE: Sesotho (southern Sotho) and English (official); also Zulu and Xhosa
LITERACY: 65% (1987)
LABOR FORCE: 689,000 economically active; 86.2% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; 150,000-250,000 spend from six months to many years as wage earners in South Africa (1985 est.)
INDEPENDENCE: 4 October 1966 (from UK; formerly Basutoland)
CONSTITUTION: 4 October 1966, suspended January 1970
LEGAL SYSTEM: based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
NATIONAL HOLIDAY: Independence Day, 4 October (1966)
BRANCHES: executive and legislative authority nominally vested in King; real power rests with six-man Military Council, established after military coup January 1986; 20-member Council of Ministers responsible for administrative duties; judicial--63 Lesotho courts administer customary law for Africans, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal at Maseru has appellate jurisdiction
CHIEF OF STATE: King MOSHOESHOE II (Paramount Chief in 1960 until independence on 4 October 1966, when he became King)
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: Chairman of the Military Council Maj. Gen. Justin Metsing LEKHANYA (since 24 January 1986)
SUFFRAGE: universal for adults
ELECTIONS: election scheduled for September 1985 was boycotted by all opposition parties because of procedural irregularities; ruling BNP won all 60 parliamentary seats by default; municipal election for Maseru scheduled for March 1989
POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERS: Basotho National Party (BNP), position vacant; Basutoland Congress Party (BCP), Ntsu Mokhehle; Basotho Democratic Alliance (BDA), A. S. Nqojane; National Independent Party (NIP), A. C. Manyeli; Marematlou Freedom Party (MFP), S. H. Mapheleba; United Democratic Party, C. D. Mofeli
VOTING STRENGTH: National Assembly inoperative as of 20 January 1986
DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION: Ambassador W. T. VAN TONDER; Chancery at 2511 Massachusettes Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 797-5534
U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE POST: Ambassador Robert M. SMALLEY; Embassy at address NA, Maseru (mailing address is P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100); telephone diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper half is white bearing the brown silhouette of a large shield with crossed spear and club; the lower half is a diagonal blue band with a green triangle in the corner
.ECONOMY OF LESOTHO
OVERVIEW: Small, landlocked, and mountainous, Lesotho has no important natural resources other than water. Its economy is based on agriculture, light manufacturing, and remittances from laborers employed in South Africa. Subsistence farming is the principal occupation for about 86% of the domestic labor force and accounts for about 20% of GDP. Manufacturing depends largely on farm products to support the milling, canning, leather, and jute industries; other industries include textile, clothing, and light engineering. Industry's share of total GDP rose from 6% in 1982 to 10.5% in 1987. During the period 1985-87 real GDP growth averaged 2.9% per year, only slightly above the population growth rate. In 1988 per capita GDP averaged only $245, and nearly 25% of the labor force was unemployed.
GDP: $408 million, per capita $245; real growth rate 7.3% (1988 est.)
INFLATION RATE (CONSUMER PRICES): 9.2% (1988)
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 23% (1988)
BUDGET: revenues $145 million; expenditures $219 million, including capital expenditures of $78 million (FY88)
EXPORTS: $25 million (f.o.b., 1986); commodities-- wool, mohair, wheat, cattle, peas, beans, corn, hides, skins, baskets; partners-- South Africa 87%, EC 10%, (1985)
IMPORTS: $343 million (f.o.b., 1986); commodities-- mainly corn, building materials, clothing, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum, oil, and lubricants; partners-- South Africa 95%, EC 2% (1985)
EXCHANGE RATES: maloti (M) per US$1--2.3866 (January 1989), 2.2609 (1988), 2.0350 (1987), 2.2686 (1986), 2.1911 (1985); the Basotho loti is at par with the South African rand
FISCAL YEAR: 1 April-31 March
.COMMUNICATIONS IN LESOTHO
RAILROADS: 1.6 km; (9.9 mi) owned, operated, and included in the statistics of South Africa
HIGHWAYS: 5,167 km (3,208 mi) total; 508 km paved; 1,585 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 946 km improved earth, 2,128 km unimproved earth
CIVIL AIR: 2 major transport aircraft
AIRPORTS: 28 total, 28 usable; 2 with permanent surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
TELECOMMUNICATIONS: modest system consisting of a few land lines, a small radio relay system, and minor radiocommunication stations; 5,920 telephones; stations--2 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station
.DEFENSE FORCES OF LESOTHO
BRANCHES: Army, Army Air Wing, Police Department
MILITARY MANPOWER: males 15-49, 368,532; 198,761 fit for military service
MILITARY BUDGET: $55.9 million, 21.6% of central government budget (FY85)
.TRAVEL IN LESOTHO
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS: Passport required. Visa not required for tourist stay up to 3 months. For longer stays and other types of travel, check with the Embassy. Vaccination certificate not required unless arriving from an area infected with yellow fever or cholera.
HEALTH: Tapwater is safe in the Maseru area. Health care facilities are limited. Health requirements change; check latest information.
WEATHER AND CLOTHING: Light summer wear is suitable Oct-May; winter clothing Jun-Sep.
TELEPHONE: When direct dialing to Lesotho from the U.S., dial 011 (international access code) + 266 [country code] + local number.
TIME: 7 hours ahead of U.S. Eastern Standard Time, and 2 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.
ELECTRIC CURRENT: 220V
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day (Jan 1); Moshoeshoe's Day (Mar 12); National Tree Planting Day (Mar 21); Good Friday and Easter Monday (variable); King's Birthday (May 2); Ascension Day (variable); Family Day (Jul 7); Independence Day (Oct 4); National Sports Day (Oct 6); Christmas Day (Dec 25); Boxing Day (Dec 26).
IMPORTANT!! All requirements/recommendations are subject to change. Be sure to check latest information.