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-
-
-
- MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111)))) MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111))))
-
-
-
- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- man - print entries from the on-line reference manuals; find manual
- entries by keyword
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- mmmmaaaannnn [----ccccddddwwwwWWWWttttpppprrrr] [----MMMM _p_a_t_h] [----TTTT _m_a_c_r_o_p_a_c_k_a_g_e] [_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _t_i_t_l_e ...
- mmmmaaaannnn [----MMMM _p_a_t_h] ----kkkk _k_e_y_w_o_r_d ...
- mmmmaaaannnn [----MMMM _p_a_t_h] ----ffff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e ...
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _m_a_n locates and prints the _t_i_t_l_ed entries from the on-line reference
- manuals. _m_a_n also prints summaries of manual entries selected by _k_e_y_w_o_r_d
- or by associated _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.
-
- If a _s_e_c_t_i_o_n is given, only that particular section is searched for the
- specified _t_i_t_l_e. The current list of valid sections are any single digit
- [0-9], the letter 'D', plus the sections llllooooccccaaaallll, ppppuuuubbbblllliiiicccc, nnnneeeewwww, and oooolllldddd,
- corresponding to the sections llll, pppp, nnnn, and oooo, respectively. When a
- section name of this form is given, the first character is used to form
- the directory, thus "local", will cause directories ending in "manl" to
- be searched. To find a man page with the name of one of these sections,
- it is necessary to first give a dummy name, such as "man junk local",
- which is unfortunate.
-
- If no _s_e_c_t_i_o_n is given, all sections of the on-line reference manuals are
- searched and all occurrences of _t_i_t_l_e are printed. The default sections
- are searched in this order: 1111nnnnllll6666888822223333444455557777ppppooooDDDD
-
- Manual entries are retrieved in the following order: for each root
- directory in the search path, language specific directories are searched
- first (see discussion of the LLLLAAAANNNNGGGG environment variable below), followed
- by generic directories. Within each of those searches, local additions
- are searched first, followed by the standard manual directories. In each
- leaf directory, there may be actual pages or subdirectories. If the
- subdirectory name has the format _c_a_t[_1-_8_l_n_o_p_D] then the pages in that
- subdirectory are treated as pre-formatted "cat" manual entries. If the
- subdirectory name has the format _m_a_n[_1-_8_l_n_o_p_D] then the pages in that
- subdirectory are treated as unformatted _n_r_o_f_f(1) source manual entries.
- Unformatted manual entries will be processed by _n_e_q_n(1), _t_b_l(1),
- _n_r_o_f_f(1), and _c_o_l(1). (See the CCCCAAAAVVVVEEEEAAAATTTTSSSS section concerning formatting
- unformatted manual pages.) These must be installed with a standard
- suffix, such as ._1_m, in order for the _m_a_n command to find them (i.e.,
- name, period, suffix). The "cat" manual entries are compressed to save
- disk space using _p_a_c_k(1), _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s(1), or _g_z_i_p(1); all pre-formatted man
- pages must be compressed with one of the above in order for the man
- command to find them. _m_a_n will automatically uncompress compressed "cat"
- manual entries using _p_c_a_t(1), _z_c_a_t(1), or _g_z_c_a_t(1) respectively.
-
- After the local additions are searched, the standard pre-formatted manual
- entries in /_u_s_r/_s_h_a_r_e/_c_a_t_m_a_n/[_a_g_p_u]__m_a_n are searched.
-
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
-
-
-
-
-
-
- MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111)))) MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111))))
-
-
-
- After searching /_u_s_r/_s_h_a_r_e/_c_a_t_m_a_n, _m_a_n will search /_u_s_r/_s_h_a_r_e/_m_a_n ,
- /_u_s_r/_c_a_t_m_a_n , then /_u_s_r/_m_a_n , for manual pages. The user may override
- these default root directories for manual entries with the environment
- variable MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH or with the command-line options ----MMMM and ----dddd. (See
- discussion below.)
-
- IIIIRRRRIIIIXXXX is derived from four main sources: AT&T, Berkeley, MIPS Computer
- Systems, and Sun Microsystems. Because development at these sources is
- more or less independent, in several cases programs have been given the
- same name but have vastly different functionality. The manual entries
- for such programs have been distinguished by giving them suffixes: ____aaaatttttttt,
- ____bbbbssssdddd, ____mmmmiiiippppssss, or ____ssssuuuunnnn. You do not need to give the suffixes. If _m_a_n is
- given an un-suffixed title _t_i_t_l_e for which suffixed entries exist, it
- will display all of them.
-
- Searches for _t_i_t_l_e_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d_s, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e_s are case-insensitive. For
- example, the manual entry _R_G_B_c_o_l_o_r(3G) can be gotten by the command-line:
-
- man rgbcolor
-
- Also, _t_i_t_l_e_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d_s, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e_s may contain special characters
- allowing manual pages to looked up by only specifying partial names in
- much the same way that _s_h(1) and _c_s_h(1) match file names. For example,
- the summaries of manual entries pertaining to RGB writemasks may be
- searched by the command-line:
-
- man -k 'rgb*mask'
-
- The complete set of special characters is as follows:
-
-
- **** Match any sequence of characters, including none-at-all.
-
- ???? Match any single character.
-
- [[[[............]]]] Matches any of the set of characters between the brackets. A pair
- of characters separated by ---- matches any one of the characters
- which comes between the two characters, including the two
- characters, based on ASCII character encoding (see _a_s_c_i_i(5)).
-
-
- _m_a_n also supports a more sophisticated means for looking up manual pages
- using regular expressions. To use regular expressions to lookup manual
- pages, you must use the ----rrrr option discussed below.
-
- OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
- ----MMMM _p_a_t_h Use _p_a_t_h as the search path for manual entries. _p_a_t_h is a
- colon-separated list of directories where manual
- subdirectories may be found. The default path is
- /_u_s_r/_s_h_a_r_e/_c_a_t_m_a_n:/_u_s_r/_s_h_a_r_e/_m_a_n:/_u_s_r/_c_a_t_m_a_n:/_u_s_r/_m_a_n. ----MMMM
- is useful for searching locations other than the standard
- manual directories for manual entries. These locations
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
-
-
-
-
-
-
- MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111)))) MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111))))
-
-
-
- could be personal manual page trees or NFS mounted BSD style
- manual page trees from another system. For example, the
- standard manual directories could be augmented with personal
- manual pages by specifying the path:
-
- /usr/share/catman:/usr/share/man:/usr/catman:/usr/man:$HOME/man
-
- ----MMMM must be given before ----kkkk and ----ffff. ----MMMM will override the
- environment variable MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH. ----MMMM and ----dddd are mutually
- exclusive. At most 100 directories may be specified; if
- more are specified, the rest will be ignored.
-
- ----cccc Copy the manual page to the standard output instead of using
- _m_o_r_e(1) or the user specified PPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR or MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR.
-
- ----dddd Use the direct path specified for finding the manual page
- _t_i_t_l_e. The ----dddd option uses the full path name of the
- specified _t_i_t_l_e as the manual page to print, formatting it
- if necessary. Since ----dddd does no searching, any suffixes like
- ".1" must be specified otherwise the manual page will not be
- found. If no leading path is specified, the current
- directory (.) is assumed. ----dddd is useful for formatting
- manual page sources you are editing as part of your software
- development. The ----tttt option may be used in conjunction with
- ----dddd to format a manual page source file and send it to the
- printer. ----dddd will ignore the environment variable MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH.
- ----dddd and ----MMMM are mutually exclusive.
-
- ----pppp Print on standard output the commands that would be executed
- to format and display the specified manual pages instead of
- actually executing the commands. The printed command
- reflects the environment variable settings described below.
-
- ----wwww Print only the _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e of each entry matching the given
- _t_i_t_l_e. The actual matching entry will not be printed, only
- its path is given.
-
- ----tttt Typeset each _t_i_t_l_ed manual entry and send the result to the
- printer. In the case of the preformatted "cat" manual pages
- which come standard with IIIIRRRRIIIIXXXX, the entry is unpacked using
- _p_c_a_t(1) and then sent to the default printer using _l_p(1).
- If, however, the manual entry is a locally added,
- unformatted _n_r_o_f_f(1) source, the entry will be formatted
- using _p_s_r_o_f_f(1) and sent to the printer. The environment
- variable TTTTRRRROOOOFFFFFFFF may be used to specify another formatting
- program other than _p_s_r_o_f_f (see the discussion on EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT
- below. If the BSD _l_p_r(1) printing facility is used, the
- TTTTCCCCAAAATTTT and NNNNCCCCAAAATTTT environment variables should be set to send
- the output to _l_p_r instead of _l_p.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
-
-
-
-
-
-
- MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111)))) MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111))))
-
-
-
- ----TTTT _m_a_c_r_o_p_a_c_k_a_g_e
- The given _n_r_o_f_f(1) macro package will be used for formatting
- unformatted manual entries. By default,
- /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_t_m_a_c/_t_m_a_c._a_n is used.
-
- ----kkkk _k_e_y_w_o_r_d Print the manual entry summaries which contain the given
- _k_e_y_w_o_r_ds. The summaries are gotten from the _w_h_a_t_i_s
- database. (See also _a_p_r_o_p_o_s(1).)
-
- ----ffff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Print the manual entry summaries which might pertain to the
- given _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_es. Any leading pathname components are
- stripped from the _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e before the _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is matched
- against the summaries. The summaries are gotten from the
- _w_h_a_t_i_s database. (See also _w_h_a_t_i_s(1).)
-
- ----WWWW is normally used only by the _m_a_k_e_w_h_a_t_i_s(1m) command to build
- the _w_h_a_t_i_s and _a_p_r_o_p_o_s databases.
-
- ----rrrr Treat specified names as regular expressions for searches.
- The regular expressions handled are those supported by
- _r_e_g_e_x(3X).
-
- EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT
- MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH If set, MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH overrides the default manual entry search path.
- MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH is a colon-separated list of directories where manual
- subdirectories may be found. (See the discussion of ----MMMM.) ----MMMM
- and ----dddd will override MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH.
-
- LLLLAAAANNNNGGGG If set, then for each directory to be searched (as determined by
- the ----MMMM option, the MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH variable, or the default search
- path), an additional directory is constructed and searched which
- has the value of the LLLLCCCC____MMMMEEEESSSSSSSSAAAAGGGGEEEESSSS locale category appended to it.
- These language specific directories are searched before the
- corresponding generic directory. LLLLCCCC____MMMMEEEESSSSSSSSAAAAGGGGEEEESSSS may be set either
- in the environment or will automatically be set based on the
- setting of the LLLLAAAANNNNGGGG variable (see _eeee_nnnn_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_oooo_nnnn(5)).
-
- PPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR and MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR
- If set, PPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR and MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR specify a program for interactively
- displaying the output from _m_a_n. MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR will override PPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR so
- a program other than the user's standard paging program may be
- used for displaying _m_a_n output. If neither PPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR or MMMMAAAANNNNPPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR
- are set, the command "ul -b | more -s -f" is used. See _u_l(1)
- and _m_o_r_e(1) for details on these options.
-
- MMMMAAAANNNNFFFFMMMMTTTTCCCCMMMMDDDD
- may be used to specify the full command to format unformatted
- man pages. If set, the other formatter environment variables
- are ignored, as is the -_T option. The command will be given a
- single argument, which is the full pathname of the man page that
- is to be formatted.
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
-
-
-
-
-
-
- MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111)))) MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111))))
-
-
-
- TTTTCCCCAAAATTTT may be used to specify the command for printing or displaying
- unformatted (nroff/troff source) manual pages when the ----tttt option
- is selected. If TTTTCCCCAAAATTTT is not set, the command "lp" is used. For
- systems using the BSD _l_p_r(1) printing facility, TTTTCCCCAAAATTTT should be
- set to "lpr". If a troff formatting program which does not
- output PostScript is used, TTTTCCCCAAAATTTT should be set to "lpr <option>"
- where <option> specifies the proper printing for the troff
- output.
-
- NNNNCCCCAAAATTTT may be used to specify the command for printing or displaying
- preformatted manual pages when the ----tttt option is selected. If
- NNNNCCCCAAAATTTT is not set, the command specified by TTTTCCCCAAAATTTT is used. It is
- only necessary to set NNNNCCCCAAAATTTT if TTTTCCCCAAAATTTT is set to "lpr <option>"
- where <option> specifies printing of some special (non-ASCII)
- format.
-
- TTTTRRRROOOOFFFFFFFF may be used to specify a formatter to use when the ----tttt option is
- selected, and unformatted man pages are processed. The command
- specified by TTTTRRRROOOOFFFFFFFF must output its results to the standard
- output for TTTTCCCCAAAATTTT to work. If TTTTRRRROOOOFFFFFFFF is not set, the command
- "psroff -t" is used.
-
- NNNNRRRROOOOFFFFFFFF Similar to TTTTRRRROOOOFFFFFFFF above, used when the ----tttt option is not
- specified.
-
- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- /usr/share/catman root directory of on-line reference
- manual entry tree
- /usr/share/catman/whatis table of contents and keyword
- database
- /usr/share/catman/u_man/cat[1,6]/* user manual pages
- /usr/share/catman/a_man/cat[1,4,7]/*
- system administrator manual pages
- /usr/share/catman/p_man/cat[2-5]/* programmer manual pages
- /usr/share/catman/g_man/cat3/* Graphics Library manual pages
- /usr/share/catman/local/cat[1-8lnop]/*
- local pre-formatted manual entries
- /usr/catman/local/man[1-8lnop]/* local unformatted _n_r_o_f_f(1) source
- manual entries
- /usr/share/man/* additional unformatted manual pages
- /usr/lib/tmac/tmac.an default macro package used for
- formatting manual entries (contained
- in the _D_o_c_u_m_e_n_t_o_r'_s _W_o_r_k _B_e_n_c_h
- software option)
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- apropos(1), col(1), compress(1), csh(1), eqn(1), grep(1), gzip(1), lp(1),
- lpr(1), makewhatis(1M), more(1), neqn(1), nroff(1), pack(1), pcat(1),
- psroff(1), sh(1), tbl(1), troff(1), ul(1), whatis(1), zcat(1), regex(3X),
- ascii(5), environ(5), man(5), term(5).
-
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555
-
-
-
-
-
-
- MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111)))) MMMMAAAANNNN((((1111))))
-
-
-
- CCCCAAAAVVVVEEEEAAAATTTTSSSS
- _a_p_r_o_p_o_s (_m_a_n -_k) and _w_h_a_t_i_s (_m_a_n -_f) require that the _w_h_a_t_i_s database be
- kept up to date by running _m_a_k_e_w_h_a_t_i_s(1M) after installing or removing
- software from the system. This command is run by default on system
- reboot when software is installed or removed by the _i_n_s_t(1m) command. If
- the _w_h_a_t_i_s database is not kept up to date, _a_p_r_o_p_o_s (_m_a_n -_k) and _w_h_a_t_i_s
- (_m_a_n -_f) will not find entries for new manual pages and will erroneously
- refer to manual pages which no longer exist on the system.
-
- The /_u_s_r/_s_h_a_r_e/_c_a_t_m_a_n directories have all been processed by _n_r_o_f_f(1).
-
- To format locally added, unformatted manual pages, _m_a_n requires _n_r_o_f_f(1),
- _t_b_l(1), and _n_e_q_n(1) or _e_q_n(1) and _p_s_r_o_f_f(1) with the ----tttt option; these are
- contained in the _D_o_c_u_m_e_n_t_o_r'_s _W_o_r_k _B_e_n_c_h software option, except
- _p_s_r_o_f_f(1), which is part of the _I_m_p_r_e_s_s_a_r_i_o product. If they are not
- found in the search path, a message to this effect will be printed once
- per invocation of _m_a_n. The _a_w_f(1) command is then searched for, and if
- found, it will be used instead. It does not understand all the
- formatting commands, but is usually good enough (the -_T option is ignored
- in this case). If _a_w_f isn't found either, then any unformatted man pages
- will be skipped.
-
- _p_s_r_o_f_f and _n_r_o_f_f may be overridden with environment variables (see
- above), but the others may not; they must exist somewhere in the search
- path, unless the MMMMAAAANNNNFFFFMMMMTTTTCCCCMMMMDDDD variable is set. If none of these can be
- used, it may be possible to format the man pages on a system that does
- have the formatting commands available. The resulting formatted versions
- may be installed on IRISes which do not have the _D_o_c_u_m_e_n_t_o_r'_s _W_o_r_k _B_e_n_c_h.
- To create pre-formatted manual pages, use the commands:
-
-
- neqn mymanpage.1 | tbl | nroff -man > mymanpage
- pack -f mymanpage
-
- The resulting _m_y_m_a_n_p_a_g_e._z file may be copied into the appropriate
- /_u_s_r/_l_o_c_a_l/_m_a_n/_c_a_t[_1-_8] directory.
-
- _m_a_n will not locate manual pages in directories with names containing a
- period (.).
-
- _m_a_n may produce some extra matches if man page names have a period (.) in
- them, as it matches up to a period, assuming the rest is a suffix.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 6666
-
-
-
-