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- pppprrrroooojjjjeeeeccccttttssss((((5555)))) pppprrrroooojjjjeeeeccccttttssss((((5555))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- pppprrrroooojjjjeeeeccccttttssss - introduction to IRIX projects
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- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- Many sites need to be able to charge individual departments separately
- for their usage of a given system. Typically, this can be done by
- billing the total usage for each userid on the system to the appropriate
- department. However, some sites may have users that do work for more
- than one department, so billing such a user's total usage to a single
- department would not be appropriate. It would be possible to give this
- sort of user multiple user IDs or group IDs, but that can be difficult to
- manage administratively, and besides it would be using a security feature
- of the operating system to accomplish an accounting function. Therefore,
- IRIX has the concept of a pppprrrroooojjjjeeeecccctttt IIIIDDDD.
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- A project ID is similar to a group ID, with two major exceptions:
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- 1. The current project ID is associated with an entire array session,
- not an individual process.
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- 2. The project ID does not affect access permissions - it is intended
- mainly for accounting purposes, and is in fact reported in extended
- accounting information (see _e_x_t_a_c_c_t(5) for details).
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- Users have a default project ID associated with their user IDs. Whenever
- it is necessary for a user to do work that should be billed to a
- different project, the _n_e_w_p_r_o_j(1) command can be used to switch to a new
- project ID. The user's UID and GID are unchanged by the newproj command,
- so access permissions are unaffected. The newproj command starts a new
- shell and array session so that programs running in the background under
- the old shell will continue to be accounted for under the old project ID.
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- To prevent users from specifying a project for which they are not
- authorized, the _n_e_w_p_r_o_j command consults a file (////eeeettttcccc////pppprrrroooojjjjeeeecccctttt) that lists
- the projects that are valid for each user. ////eeeettttcccc////pppprrrroooojjjjeeeecccctttt is similar in
- style to ////eeeettttcccc////ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd or ////eeeettttcccc////ggggrrrroooouuuupppp (see _p_r_o_j_e_c_t(4) for details). Because
- the project ID is a numeric value, an additional file (////eeeettttcccc////pppprrrroooojjjjiiiidddd, see
- _p_r_o_j_i_d(4)) is used to correlate ASCII project names, which are used by
- ////eeeettttcccc////pppprrrroooojjjjeeeecccctttt, with numeric project IDs. A standard default project ID is
- used when a user cannot be found in these files. This default value can
- be changed by modifying the ddddffffllllttttpppprrrriiiidddd variable using _s_y_s_t_u_n_e(1).
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- The standard IRIX utilities for logging in to the system (e.g. _l_o_g_i_n,
- _r_s_h_d) will automatically create a new array session and assign the user's
- default project ID to it. User-provided programs that perform a login or
- the moral equivalent can (and should) do the same thing using the
- _n_e_w_a_r_r_a_y_s_e_s_s(2) and _s_e_t_p_r_i_d(2) functions. To assist in this, a number of
- libc functions are provided for parsing ////eeeettttcccc////pppprrrroooojjjjeeeecccctttt and ////eeeettttcccc////pppprrrroooojjjjiiiidddd;
- see, for example, _p_r_o_j_i_d(3C), _g_e_t_d_f_l_t_p_r_o_j_u_s_e_r(3C) and _v_a_l_i_d_a_t_e_p_r_o_j(3C)
- for more details.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
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- pppprrrroooojjjjeeeeccccttttssss((((5555)))) pppprrrroooojjjjeeeeccccttttssss((((5555))))
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- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- systune(1), getprid(2), newarraysess(2), setprid(2), getdfltprojuser(3C),
- getprojuser(3C), project(4), projid(4), array_sessions(5), extacct(5).
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
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