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- xfs - layout of the XFS filesystem
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- An XFS filesystem can reside on a regular disk partition or on a logical
- volume (see _l_v(7M) and _x_l_v(7M)). An XFS filesystem has up to three
- parts: a data section, a log section, and a real-time section. For disk
- partition and _l_v logical volume filesystems, the real-time section is
- absent, and the log area is contained within the data section. For XLV
- logical volume filesystems, the real-time section is optional, and the
- log section can be separate from the data section or contained within it.
- The filesystem sections are divided into a certain number of _b_l_o_c_k_s,
- whose size is specified at _m_k_f_s(1M) time with the ----bbbb option.
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- The data section contains all the filesystem metadata (inodes,
- directories, indirect blocks) as well as the user file data for ordinary
- (non-real-time) files and the log area if the log is _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_l to the data
- section. The data section is divided into a number of _a_l_l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n _g_r_o_u_p_s.
- The number and size of the allocation groups are chosen by _m_k_f_s so that
- there is normally a small number of equal-sized groups. The number of
- allocation groups controls the amount of parallelism available in file
- and block allocation. It should be increased from the default if there
- is sufficient memory and a lot of allocation activity. The number of
- allocation groups should not be set very high, since this can cause large
- amounts of CPU time to be used by the filesystem, especially when the
- filesystem is nearly full. More allocation groups are added (of the
- original size) when _x_f_s__g_r_o_w_f_s(1M) is run.
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- The log section (or area, if it is internal to the data section) is used
- to store changes to filesystem metadata while the filesystem is running
- until those changes are made to the data section. It is written
- sequentially during normal operation and read only during mount. When
- mounting a filesystem after a crash, the log is read to complete
- operations that were in progress at the time of the crash.
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- The real-time section is used to store the data of real-time files.
- These files had an attribute bit set through _f_c_n_t_l(2) after file
- creation, before any data was written to the file. The real-time section
- is divided into a number of _e_x_t_e_n_t_s of fixed size (specified at _m_k_f_s
- time). Each file in the real-time section has an extent size that is a
- multiple of the real-time section extent size.
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- Each allocation group contains several data structures. The first sector
- contains the superblock. For allocation groups after the first, the
- superblock is just a copy and is not updated after _m_k_f_s. The next three
- sectors contain information for block and inode allocation within the
- allocation group. Also contained within each allocation group are data
- structures to locate free blocks and inodes; these are located through
- the header structures.
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- Each XFS filesystem is labeled with a unique universal identifier (UUID).
- (See _u_u_i_d(3C) for more details.) The UUID is stored in every allocation
- group header and is used to help distinguish one XFS filesystem from
- another, therefore you should avoid using _d_d or other block-by-block
- copying programs to copy XFS filesystems. If two XFS filesystems on the
- same machine have the UUID, _x_f_s_d_u_m_p may become confused when doing
- incremental and resumed dumps. (See _x_f_s_d_u_m_p(1M) for more details.)
- _x_f_s__c_o_p_y or _x_f_s_d_u_m_p/_x_f_s_r_e_s_t_o_r_e are recommended for making copies of XFS
- filesystems.
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- All these data structures are subject to change, and the headers that
- specify their layout on disk are not provided.
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- attr(1), grio(1M), mkfs(1M), mkfs_xfs(1M), xfs_bmap(1M), xfs_check(1M),
- xfs_copy(1M), xfs_estimate(1M), xfs_growfs(1M), xfs_logprint(1M),
- xfs_repair(1M), xfsdump(1M), xfsrestore(1M), fcntl(2), syssgi(2),
- uuid(3C), filesystems(4), lv(7M), xlv(7M).
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