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- intro - introduction to maintenance commands and application programs
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- This section describes, in alphabetical order, commands that are used
- chiefly for system maintenance and administration purposes.
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- Since almost all commands are run via the shells ( _b_s_h(1),_s_h(1),_c_s_h(1),
- _k_s_h(1),_a_n_d _t_c_s_h(_1)) diagnostic messages may be issued by the shells,
- prior to, or even instead of, the command itself being executed. A
- common case is too many arguments to the command. See the manual page
- for your shell for details.
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- Unless otherwise noted, commands described in this section accept options
- and other arguments according to the following syntax:
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- _n_a_m_e [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [_c_m_d_a_r_g_s]
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- where:
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- _n_a_m_e The name of an executable file.
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- _o_p_t_i_o_n ----_n_o_a_r_g_l_e_t_t_e_r or ----_a_r_g_l_e_t_t_e_r<>_o_p_t_a_r_g where <> is optional
- white space.
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- _n_o_a_r_g_l_e_t_t_e_r A single letter representing an option without an argument.
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- _a_r_g_l_e_t_t_e_r A single letter representing an option requiring an
- argument.
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- _o_p_t_a_r_g Argument (character string) satisfying preceding _a_r_g_l_e_t_t_e_r.
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- _c_m_d_a_r_g Pathname (or other command argument) _n_o_t beginning with ----
- or ---- by itself indicating the standard input.
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- getopt(1), exec(2), exit(2), wait(2), getopt(3C).
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- Upon termination, each command returns two bytes of status, one supplied
- by the system and giving the cause for termination, and (in the case of
- ``normal'' termination) one supplied by the program (see _w_a_i_t(2) and
- _e_x_i_t(2)). The former byte is 0 for normal termination; the latter is
- customarily 0 for successful execution and non-zero to indicate troubles
- such as erroneous parameters, bad or inaccessible data, or other
- inability to cope with the task at hand. It is called variously exit
- code, exit status, or return code, and is described only where special
- conventions are involved.
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- Regrettably, not all commands adhere to the aforementioned syntax.
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