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- CLATRS - solve one of the triangular systems A * x = s*b, A**T * x =
- s*b, or A**H * x = s*b,
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- SUBROUTINE CLATRS( UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, NORMIN, N, A, LDA, X, SCALE, CNORM,
- INFO )
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- CHARACTER DIAG, NORMIN, TRANS, UPLO
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- INTEGER INFO, LDA, N
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- REAL SCALE
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- REAL CNORM( * )
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- COMPLEX A( LDA, * ), X( * )
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- PPPPUUUURRRRPPPPOOOOSSSSEEEE
- CLATRS solves one of the triangular systems
-
- with scaling to prevent overflow. Here A is an upper or lower triangular
- matrix, A**T denotes the transpose of A, A**H denotes the conjugate
- transpose of A, x and b are n-element vectors, and s is a scaling factor,
- usually less than or equal to 1, chosen so that the components of x will
- be less than the overflow threshold. If the unscaled problem will not
- cause overflow, the Level 2 BLAS routine CTRSV is called. If the matrix A
- is singular (A(j,j) = 0 for some j), then s is set to 0 and a non-trivial
- solution to A*x = 0 is returned.
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- UPLO (input) CHARACTER*1
- Specifies whether the matrix A is upper or lower triangular. =
- 'U': Upper triangular
- = 'L': Lower triangular
-
- TRANS (input) CHARACTER*1
- Specifies the operation applied to A. = 'N': Solve A * x = s*b
- (No transpose)
- = 'T': Solve A**T * x = s*b (Transpose)
- = 'C': Solve A**H * x = s*b (Conjugate transpose)
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- DIAG (input) CHARACTER*1
- Specifies whether or not the matrix A is unit triangular. = 'N':
- Non-unit triangular
- = 'U': Unit triangular
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- NORMIN (input) CHARACTER*1
- Specifies whether CNORM has been set or not. = 'Y': CNORM
- contains the column norms on entry
- = 'N': CNORM is not set on entry. On exit, the norms will be
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- computed and stored in CNORM.
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- N (input) INTEGER
- The order of the matrix A. N >= 0.
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- A (input) COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N)
- The triangular matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading n by n upper
- triangular part of the array A contains the upper triangular
- matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not
- referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading n by n lower triangular
- part of the array A contains the lower triangular matrix, and the
- strictly upper triangular part of A is not referenced. If DIAG =
- 'U', the diagonal elements of A are also not referenced and are
- assumed to be 1.
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- LDA (input) INTEGER
- The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max (1,N).
-
- X (input/output) COMPLEX array, dimension (N)
- On entry, the right hand side b of the triangular system. On
- exit, X is overwritten by the solution vector x.
-
- SCALE (output) REAL
- The scaling factor s for the triangular system A * x = s*b, A**T
- * x = s*b, or A**H * x = s*b. If SCALE = 0, the matrix A is
- singular or badly scaled, and the vector x is an exact or
- approximate solution to A*x = 0.
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- CNORM (input or output) REAL array, dimension (N)
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- If NORMIN = 'Y', CNORM is an input argument and CNORM(j) contains
- the norm of the off-diagonal part of the j-th column of A. If
- TRANS = 'N', CNORM(j) must be greater than or equal to the
- infinity-norm, and if TRANS = 'T' or 'C', CNORM(j) must be
- greater than or equal to the 1-norm.
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- If NORMIN = 'N', CNORM is an output argument and CNORM(j) returns
- the 1-norm of the offdiagonal part of the j-th column of A.
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- INFO (output) INTEGER
- = 0: successful exit
- < 0: if INFO = -k, the k-th argument had an illegal value
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- A rough bound on x is computed; if that is less than overflow, CTRSV is
- called, otherwise, specific code is used which checks for possible
- overflow or divide-by-zero at every operation.
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- A columnwise scheme is used for solving A*x = b. The basic algorithm if
- A is lower triangular is
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- x[1:n] := b[1:n]
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- for j = 1, ..., n
- x(j) := x(j) / A(j,j)
- x[j+1:n] := x[j+1:n] - x(j) * A[j+1:n,j]
- end
-
- Define bounds on the components of x after j iterations of the loop:
- M(j) = bound on x[1:j]
- G(j) = bound on x[j+1:n]
- Initially, let M(0) = 0 and G(0) = max{x(i), i=1,...,n}.
-
- Then for iteration j+1 we have
- M(j+1) <= G(j) / | A(j+1,j+1) |
- G(j+1) <= G(j) + M(j+1) * | A[j+2:n,j+1] |
- <= G(j) ( 1 + CNORM(j+1) / | A(j+1,j+1) | )
-
- where CNORM(j+1) is greater than or equal to the infinity-norm of column
- j+1 of A, not counting the diagonal. Hence
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- G(j) <= G(0) product ( 1 + CNORM(i) / | A(i,i) | )
- 1<=i<=j
- and
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- |x(j)| <= ( G(0) / |A(j,j)| ) product ( 1 + CNORM(i) / |A(i,i)| )
- 1<=i< j
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- Since |x(j)| <= M(j), we use the Level 2 BLAS routine CTRSV if the
- reciprocal of the largest M(j), j=1,..,n, is larger than
- max(underflow, 1/overflow).
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- The bound on x(j) is also used to determine when a step in the columnwise
- method can be performed without fear of overflow. If the computed bound
- is greater than a large constant, x is scaled to prevent overflow, but if
- the bound overflows, x is set to 0, x(j) to 1, and scale to 0, and a
- non-trivial solution to A*x = 0 is found.
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- Similarly, a row-wise scheme is used to solve A**T *x = b or A**H *x =
- b. The basic algorithm for A upper triangular is
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- for j = 1, ..., n
- x(j) := ( b(j) - A[1:j-1,j]' * x[1:j-1] ) / A(j,j)
- end
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- We simultaneously compute two bounds
- G(j) = bound on ( b(i) - A[1:i-1,i]' * x[1:i-1] ), 1<=i<=j
- M(j) = bound on x(i), 1<=i<=j
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- The initial values are G(0) = 0, M(0) = max{b(i), i=1,..,n}, and we add
- the constraint G(j) >= G(j-1) and M(j) >= M(j-1) for j >= 1. Then the
- bound on x(j) is
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- M(j) <= M(j-1) * ( 1 + CNORM(j) ) / | A(j,j) |
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
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- <= M(0) * product ( ( 1 + CNORM(i) ) / |A(i,i)| )
- 1<=i<=j
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- and we can safely call CTRSV if 1/M(n) and 1/G(n) are both greater than
- max(underflow, 1/overflow).
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