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- Persistence of Vision Ray Tracer
- Version 3.1e
- Unix Specific Documentation
-
- New in version 3.1:
- The scene description language in POV-Ray 3.1 is not entirely
- backwards-compatible with earlier versions of the POV-Ray scene
- description language. The 'halo' feature in earlier versions
- is obsolete and has been entirely replaced with a 'media' feature
- which works better. Because older files making use of 'halo'
- will not render in POV-Ray 3.1 without substantial modification,
- you may wish to rename executables for pre-3.1 versions of POV-Ray
- if you would like to be able to render such older files. It should
- be noted that .povrayrc as described below can only refer to one
- version.
-
- Files:
- If this file has ^M's in it when you're reading it under Unix, then
- you need to make sure that when you extract the source files and
- Unix specific code from the archive it came in, that you tell the
- de-archiver to convert CR-LF's to LF's in text files.
-
- The widely-distributed Info-Zip archiver does this if you supply
- '-a' on the command-line, i.e. 'unzip -a <archive name>'. You may
- also like to use 'unzip -aL <archive name>' if the filenames are
- extracted in upper-case. Care should be taken when unzipping the
- scene files with older versions of unzip, since using the -a switch
- may corrupt the binary files in the archive (ie GIF and TTF files).
- If you don't see [binary] or [text] after each file, you will need
- to 'unzip -a <archive name>', then 'unzip <archive name> "*.gif"
- "*.ttf" "*.iff"' to get good copies of the binary files (the double
- quotes are needed to avoid file name expansion by the shell).
-
- If you received these files in a .tar.gz (or .tgz) archive then this
- has already been done for you.
-
- This file contains the documentation specific to compiling POV-Ray
- on Unix systems. Due to the wide variety of Unix systems available,
- POV-Ray may not compile directly on all systems as is. Every effort
- has been made to make it compile on as many systems as we have access
- to. If you have problems compiling, try checking with a local Unix
- guru first. If you still have problems and have internet access,
- check out the comp.graphics.rendering.raytracing newsgroup. Make sure
- you read the FAQ first (if you don't see it, ask for it.) Please do
- not contact the POV-Team about problems with compiling POV-Ray.
-
- If you are trying to compile POV-Ray on an unsupported platform,
- this version is the best one to use as a base. The platform
- specific configuration is in the file config.h, so it is possible
- that you can change the configuration to suit your system without
- changing any code.
-
- This archive does not, however, contain any of the documentation and
- files actually needed to USE POV-Ray. The documentation and example
- scene files are available in the file POVUNI_D.TGZ, which should be
- available at the same place you got this archive, and it is also in
- the Linux archive (povlinux.tgz).
-
- Executables:
- Official executables are provided for only Linux on x86 systems
- because there are so many possible Unix executable formats. Since
- the POV-Ray team does not have ready access to other platforms for
- testing and debugging, we are unable to support other Unix platforms.
- In general, however, Unix systems come bundled with a C compiler, so
- recompiling the source for your target system shouldn't cause a
- problem. If you want to distribute an executable created by yourself
- you must comply with POVLEGAL.DOC.
-
- An official Linux (a free Unix variant) version is available as
- povlinux.tgz. If you can't find it at the same place you got this
- from, and don't want to compile it yourself from the Unix directory,
- then try one of the following sites:
-
- - The POV-Ray FTP site, ftp.povray.org in /pub/povray/Official/Linux.
- - There are many sites around the world that mirror the povray.org
- site. These are listed in README.MIRRORS at ftp.povray.org, and
- you should try to use the closest site for the best speed.
- - Compuserve's GRAPHDEV forum. (GO GRAPHDEV).
- - We also have a web site with a link to the binary. Point your
- browser at http://www.povray.org/.
-
- File locations:
- The preferred location for installing POV-Ray for Unix is under
- /usr/local/lib/povray31 for all of the INI, scene, and include files,
- and /usr/local/bin for povray, x-povray, and/or s-povray. Each user
- will also need to have an INI file, actually called .povrayrc on
- Unix systems, to tell POV-Ray where to look for these files.
-
- The POV-Ray man page, povray.1, should be placed in a similarly
- accessible location, such as /usr/local/man/man1. If it is expected
- that many people will be using one version of POV-Ray, it would be a
- good idea to edit povray.1, under the section 'FILES' to specify
- where all of the documentation, scenes, and include files are
- actually stored, if they aren't installed as suggested above.
-
- INI files:
- POV-Ray allows the use of files to store common configuration
- settings, such as the output format, image size, and library paths.
- Upon startup, the Unix version of POV-Ray will use the environment
- variable POVINI to determine custom configuration information if \
- that environment variable is set. Otherwise, it will look for the
- file "povray.ini" in the current directory. If neither of these works,
- then POV-Ray will try to read a file called ".povrayrc" stored
- in the user's home directory. If none of these work, then POV-Ray will
- try to read the file "povray.ini" in a default system-wide directory
- defined at compile time (/usr/local/lib/povray31 by default). If it
- will be stored in a different location, POV-Ray should be recompiled
- for this option to work. It is defined by POVLIBDIR in the makefile.
- The POVRAYOPT environment variable used by earlier versions of POV-Ray
- is no longer used.
-
- The default povray.ini file that is shipped with the Unix archive
- assumes that POV-Ray will be installed under /usr/local/lib/povray31.
- If you are not installing POV-Ray there, you should edit the
- Library_Path specifications in this file to point to the location
- where POV-Ray is installed. Each user should copy this file to
- ".povrayrc" in their home directory.
-
- The file gamma.gif.txt explains how to find the correct
- Display_Gamma value for your .povrayrc file using the gamma.gif
- image. As this is specific to each display, you may need to make
- separate INI files to include on the command line if you are using
- various displays that have different gamma characteristics.
-
- The other INI files, like zipfli.ini and tgaflc.ini are of limited
- use under Unix, but are included as examples of how to automate
- operations from within POV-Ray, and can be customized to use
- whatever programs you have installed.
-
- Display Formats:
- There are two different methods of displaying images as they are
- rendered with POV-Ray on most Unix systems, and an additional
- display method on Linux systems. The first way is the text format,
- which can output a crude 75x24 ASCII version of the image, to give an
- idea of what POV-Ray is doing. This doesn't work very well if you
- are also using the Verbose (+v) status output. It also isn't very
- satisfying for the output of a ray tracer, but may be useful in some
- cases.
-
- X Windows Display:
- Alternately, if you have X-Windows, you can compile in the X-Windows
- display capability. This will allow you to preview the image using
- any kind of visual, at any depth, and remotely if desired. During
- rendering, the window will be updated after every scanline has been
- rendered, or sooner if the rendering is taking a long time. To
- update it sooner you can click any mouse button in the window or
- press (almost) any key. Pressing <CTRL-R> or <CTRL-L> during
- rendering will refresh the whole screen. If you have the Exit_Enable
- or +X flag set, pressing 'q' or 'Q' at any time during the rendering
- will stop POV-Ray rendering and exit. The rendering will pause when
- complete if the Pause_When_Done (or +P) flag is set. To exit at
- this point, press the 'q' or 'Q' key or click any mouse button in
- the window.
-
- The xpovicon.xpm is a color icon for use with fvwm or other window
- manager which can use external icons. To have fvwm use this icon,
- move the icon to the directory pointed to by your PixmapPath, usually
- /usr/include/X11/pixmaps/, add the following line to your .fvwmrc:
-
- Style "Povray" Icon xpovray.xpm
-
- and re-start X Windows. Re-starting fvwm will not be enough. If you
- don't restart, or choose not to do this this, POV-Ray will use a
- similar built-in monochrome icon. Using this icon with another window
- manager may use a different procedure.
-
- The X-windows version also supports these standard command-line options
- in addition to those given in the generic POV-Ray documentation. See
- the X(1) man page for further explanation of these options.
-
- -display <display name> Preview on the specified display
- -geometry <WIDTHxHEIGHT+XXX+YYY> Start with the given size/position
- -visual <visual type> Use specified visual if available
- -title <title> Use the given title for the window
- -icon Start iconified
- -owncmap Force POV-Ray to use a private colormap
- -borderwidth <width> Use a border of the given width
- -help Output these X Windows options
-
- SVGAlib display:
- For Linux systems that don't have X Windows installed, it is
- possible to use the libvga library to display directly to the
- screen, similar to the MS-DOS version. The SVGAlib version must be
- installed as a setuid root executable to be able to run properly.
- If s-povray doesn't work (usually complaining about being unable to
- get I/O permissions) first try (as root):
-
- chown root.root s-povray
- chmod 4755 s-povray
-
- If it still doesn't work then make sure svgalib is installed on your
- machine and works properly (sdoom is a good way of doing this :-).
- Anything that can at least use the 320x200x256 mode (ie regular VGA)
- should be fine, although modes up to 1280x1024x16M are possible. If
- you do not have root priviledges or can't have the system admin
- install POV-Ray, then you must use the X Windows or text-only
- version, which do not require any special system priviledges to
- run. If you are using a display resolution that is lower than what
- you are rendering, the display will be scaled to fit as much of the
- viewing window as possible.
-
- File Formats:
- The default file format for Unix is "targa" format (+ft).
- Optionally, the "PPM" format, popular on Unix platforms, or the
- new "PNG" format can be set as the default format by setting
- DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT = 'p' or DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT = 'n' in the
- unixconf.h file before compiling, by using +fp or +fn on the
- command-line or with "Output_File_Type = p" "Ouput_File_Type = n" in
- your .povrayrc file. There is more information about output file
- formats in the POV-Ray documentation.
-
- The documentation included with POV-Ray for Unix is in ACSII text
- format. The documentation is also available separately in PDF, HTML,
- and Microsoft Word 97 document formats, including all of the images,
- at: ftp://ftp.povray.org/pub/povray/Official/Docs/ or wherever you got
- your copy of this archive.
-
- If you are generating histogram files in the CSV format (comma
- separated values), then the units of time are in tens of microseconds
- (10 x 10^-6 s), and each grid block can store times up to 12 hours.
-
- Interrupting POV-Ray:
- To interrupt a rendering in progress, you can use CTRL-C (SIGINT),
- which will allow POV-Ray to finish writing out any rendered data
- before it quits. For the two display versions, you can also press
- the 'q' or 'Q' keys in the rendering preview window to interrupt the
- trace if the Test_Abort (or +X) flag is set.
-
- Post-processing Images:
- For Unix systems, the PBM utilities are an excellent choice for
- post-processing utilities, especially if you only have a command-line
- interface to Unix. XV 3.10a is also commonly installed at Unix sites,
- and can be used under X Windows to view PPM and TGA files, but XV 3.00
- cannot view TGA images. There is also a patch to XV 3.10a to allow it
- to read and write PNG format images, although you will have to
- re-compile XV in order to use it. The PNG patch for XV, as well as lots
- of other PNG information is available at the PNG home page
- http://quest.jpl.nasa.gov/PNG/.
-
- POV-Ray can also pipe its output directly into a post-processor. For
- example, 'povray -iscene.pov -fp -o- | cjpeg > scene.jpg' will create
- a JPEG output file, because specifing an output filename of '-' to
- POV-Ray tells it to pipe its output to stdout, which is piped through
- cjpeg in this example.
-
- Questions and problems with Unix versions can be directed to Mark Gordon
- Please make sure you have consulted with a local Unix person first if
- you think the problem is likely to be on your end. If you are installing
- POV-Ray in a publicly accessible location, you must read and comply with
- the 'Online or Remote Execution' conditions in POVLEGAL.DOC.
-
- Mark Gordon
- Internet: mtgordon@mailbag.com
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