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Received: from MIT.EDU (SOUTH-STATION-ANNEX.MIT.EDU [18.72.1.2]) by nacm.com (8.6.10/8.6.9) with SMTP id IAA22222 for <executor@nacm.com>; Mon, 13 Nov 1995 08:17:04 -0800 Received: from VORLON.MIT.EDU by MIT.EDU with SMTP id AA20717; Mon, 13 Nov 95 11:16:08 EST Received: from localhost by vorlon.mit.edu (8.6.10/4.7) id LAA10542; Mon, 13 Nov 1995 11:16:43 -0500 Message-Id: <199511131616.LAA10542@vorlon.mit.edu> X-Mailer: exmh version 1.6.4 10/10/95 To: John Edward Bauer <jbauer@plains.nodak.edu> Cc: Fred Salerno <salernof@gate.net>, executor@nacm.com Subject: Re: baud compared to bps, ignore if you really don't care, WAS: Re:, 1.99p6 for everybody! In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 13 Nov 1995 03:31:14 CST." <Pine.SOL.3.91.951113024833.6663A-100000@plains> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Date: Mon, 13 Nov 1995 11:16:43 -0500 From: Jered J Floyd <jered@mit.edu> Sender: owner-paper@nacm.com Precedence: bulk > Not to get on your case, or flame you at all but I thought I would correct > you on something. Baud and bps are two different things. Baud is the > number of times a signal changes state in one second, so 2400 baud > straigt up would be 2400 bps. Correct. > example, 14400 bits are being transfered within 2400 signal changes. > Damn good compression. 6:1. Not quite. Yes, 14400 bits are being transferred with 2400 signal changes, but not due to compression. If this were a compression algorithm, non-optimal data would reduce your super-spiffy 28.8kbps modem to a 2400 bps slug. What really happens is that more data is encoded in each signal change. This is done with more amplitude and frequency levels, and funky phase stuff that Nynex seems to have trouble with. (Aside: A few months ago, many people had problems using fast modems to connect to the MIT dialups, it turns out that there were nasty phase problems on several of the trunks. However, since the human ear cannot detect phase, people had a hard time convincing Nynex there was a problem.) So, at 14.4kps/2400 baud I'm encoding 6 bits of data in each state change. And, at 28.8kps/2400 baud I'm encoding 12 bits in each. Each of these standards used to have names like v.<foo> or CCITT <foo>. To confuse matters more, compression is also added. (That's why you set your DTE-DCE link speed to higher than your DCE-DCE speed.) That's also why modem manfacturers advertise '4 to 1 compression!', though through some miracle they don't advertise the speed with compression. So, a 28.8 link with v.42 compression (I think that's the right name) could give you up to 115200 bps throughtput. But it's not very likely. As for the names of the standards, I keep scrambling them. I'm reasonably certain that v.42 is the common compression standard, and v.terbo was a (interim ?) 28.8 kps encoding standard, but I'm shaky on v.32 vs v.32bis. Many modem manuals will explain these, though. --Jered