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- 1 Version 4.0 -- 1/15/89 isql
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- NAME: isql
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- FUNCTION:
- Interactive SQL parser to SQL Server.
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- SYNTAX:
- isql [-e] [-p] [-i] [-n]
- [ -c cmdend] [ -h headers] [ -w columnwidth] [ -s colseparator]
- [ -t timeout] [ -m errorlevel]
- [ -H hostname] [ -U username] [ -P password]
- [ -I interface] [-S server]
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- To terminate a command: go
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- To clear the query buffer: reset
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- To call the editor: vi
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- To execute an operating system command: !! command
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- To exit from isql: quit or exit
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- PARAMETERS:
- -e - echoes input.
- -p - prints out performance statistics.
- -i - tags all isql input and output with the process ID number.
- It can be used for tracing multi-user tests.
- -n - removes numbering and the prompt symbol (>) from input
- lines.
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- -c cmdend - allows the user to reset the command terminator. By
- default, commands are terminated and sent to SQL Server by
- entering go on a line by itself. When you reset the command
- terminator, do not use SQL reserved words or characters that
- have special meaning to the operating system, whether pre-
- ceded by a backslash or not.
- -h headers - allows the user to specify how many rows to print
- between column headings. The default is to print headings
- only once for each set of query results.
- -w columnwidth - allows the user to set the screen width for
- output. The default is 80 characters. When an output line
- has reached its maximum screen width, it is broken into mul-
- tiple lines.
- -s colseparator - allows the user to reset the column separator
- character, which is blank by default. To use characters that
- have special meaning to the operating system (e.g., |, ;, &,
- <, >), enclose them in quotes or precede them with a
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- backslash, \.
- -t timeout - allows the user to specify the number of seconds
- before a command times out. If no timeout is specified, a
- command runs indefinitely; however, the default timeout for
- logging in to isql is 60 seconds.
- -m errorlevel - allows the user to customize display of error
- messages. For errors of the severity level specified or
- higher, no error text is displayed. The message number,
- state, and error level are displayed. For errors of levels
- lower than the specified level, nothing is displayed.
- -H hostname - allows the user to specify a host name, changing
- the value in the dynamic system table sysprocesses, if he or
- she logs in from a different computer than usual. If no host
- name is specified, the current computer name is assumed.
- -U username - allows the user to specify a login name. Logins
- are case sensitive.
- -P password - allows the user to specify a password. If the -P
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- flag is not given, isql prompts for a password. If the -P
- flag is given at the end of the command line without any
- password, isql uses the default password (NULL). Passwords
- are case sensitive.
- -I interface - allows the user to specify the name and location
- of the interfaces file that is (optionally) searched as part
- of the process of connecting to SQL Server. The named file
- contains the name and network address of every available
- SQL Server on the network. If this option is not used, isql
- looks for a file named interfaces.
- -S server - allows the user to specify the name of the particu-
- lar SQL Server with which to connect. This is the name that
- SQL Server looks up in the interfaces file.
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- EXAMPLES:
- 1) isql -p -s#
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- 2) isql -Ujoe
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- Password:
-
- 1>select *
- 2>from authors
- 3>where city = "Oakland"
- 4>go
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- Executes the command.
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- 3) isql -Ujoe -Pabracadabra
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- 1>select *
- 2>from authors
- 3>where city = "Oakland"
- 4>vi
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- Puts you in a text file where you can edit the query. When
- you write and save the file, you are returned to isql. The
- query is displayed. Type go to execute it.
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- 4) isql -U alma -P
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- 1>select *
- 2>from authors
- 3>where city = "Oakland"
- 4>reset
- 1>quit
-
- The reset clears the query buffer. The quit keyword returns
- you to the operating system.
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- COMMENTS:
-
- o The isql program is invoked directly from the operating system.
- The isql program accepts SQL commands and sends them to
- SQL Server. The results are formatted and printed on standard
- output. The isql program exits with quit or exit.
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- o Terminate a command by typing a line beginning with the command
- terminator. The default command terminator is go. You may
- follow the command terminator with an integer to specify how
- many times the command should be run. For example, to cause
- this command to be executed 100 times, type:
-
- select x = 1
- go 100
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- The results are displayed once, at the end of execution.
- o The user may call an editor on the current query buffer by
- entering ``vi'' as the first word on a line. The editor is
- defined in the EDITOR environment variable. The default is
- ``vi''.
-
- o Operating system commands may also be executed by starting a
- line with two ``!'' followed by the command.
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- o The existing query buffer can be cleared by typing reset as the
- first thing on a line by itself. It will cause any pending
- input to be discarded.
- o The command terminator (go by default), and commands such as
- reset, vi, !!, exit and quit are recognized only if they appear
- at the very beginning of a line, immediately following the isql
- prompt. Anything entered on that line after these keywords is
- disregarded by isql.
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- o Control-C performs a reset, but can be entered anywhere on a
- line. The effect is to cancel the current query, and return
- the user to ``1>''.
- o To use isql interactively, give the command isql (and any of
- the optional flags) at your operating system prompt.
-
- o You can read in a host file containing a query for execution by
- isql like this:
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- isql -U alma -P < input_file_name
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- The file must include command terminator(s). The results are
- displayed on the user's terminal.
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- You can read in an operating system file containing a query and
- direct the results to another file, like this:
-
- isql -U alma -P < input_file_name > output_file-name
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- o When using isql interactively, you can read a host file into
- the command buffer with :r filename. Do not include a command
- terminator in the file; enter the terminator interactively once
- you have finished editing.
- o You can include comments in a Transact-SQL statement submitted
- to SQL Server by isql. Open a comment with ``/*''. Close it
- with ``*/''. Comments can be nested.
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- For example:
-
- select au_lname, au_fname
- /*retrieve authors' last and first names*/
- from authors, titles, titleauthor
- where authors.au_id = titleauthor.au_id
- and titles.title_id = titleauthor.title_id
- /*this is a three-way join that links authors
- **to the books they have written.*/
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