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Public domain and shareware software is actually very easy to use if you are familiar with a few basic "DOS" commands. Those commands are "COPY", "DISKCOPY", "DIR", "TYPE", & a few others. None of the disks are "bootable", which means that you cannot place the disk in your floppy and turn on the computer. The first thing to do with the disks is to make a backup copy with the following command: A>DISKCOPY A: B: <enter> In the event that you get some sort of error message when using "DISKCOPY", you will then have to use the "COPY" command to make a backup of your original disk. You would do this by placing a FORMATTED disk in the "B" drive and entering the following command at the "A>" prompt: A>COPY *.* B: <enter> Now put the original disk away and use the working copy. The next thing to do is see what files are on the disk. You would do this by placing the disk in the "A" drive and enter the following command: A>DIR <enter> - will display the filenames Now you will see many different filenames. A filename consists of two parts; the filename & the extension. The filename will be on the left (up to 8 characters long) & the extension will be just to the right (up to 3 characters long). You will be looking for certain extension names which will tell you something about that type of file. .EXE - an executable program file .COM - a command file .BAT - a file with "DOS" commands that may call a program file .BAS - a "BASIC" program. Needs GWBASIC or BASICA to run the file .ARC - a archived file - needs to be unarchived, contains many files .DQC - a compressed file - needs to be uncompressed to be readable. .DOC - A DOCUMENTATION FILE - instructions about the program - READ THIS .TXT - A DOCUMENTATION FILE - instructions about the program - READ THIS You may also see files like READ.ME or README.1ST or just README. These are all documentation files that will tell you about the program or how to start the program. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU READ DOCUMENTATION FILES FIRST BEFORE TRYING TO RUN THE PROGRAM !!! ============================================================================== To view a documentation file on your screen, use the "TYPE" command. With your program disk in the "A" drive enter the following command from the "A" drive: A>TYPE filename.ext (enter) - where filename would be README.DOC or whatever the filename is that you wish to display. This will display the documentation to the screen. To stop the text from scrolling by too fast to be read, press "CTRL S" (the CTRL key and "S" key at the same time), then any other key to resume scrolling. To obtain a hard copy of the documentation simply replace the "TYPE" command with the "DOS" command "PRINT". When using the "PRINT" command, your "DOS" disk must be in the "A" drive & your program disk must be in the "B" drive. Turn your printer on and enter the following command: A>PRINT B:filename.ext <enter> - where filename would be README.DOC or whatever file you wish to print. ============================================================================== An "EXE", "COM", or "BAT" file extension means that when you simply enter the filename, the computer will do something. For instance, if the filename were "POKER.EXE", you would simply enter the following at the "A" prompt: A>POKER <enter> - the poker program would now be "running" and you would be playing it. This also holds true for "COM" files. A "BAT" file may call a program or it may just display a documentation file. "BAT" files can do many different things. ============================================================================== Another type of file (a little tricky to run) is a "BASIC" file. These types have the ".BAS" extension. Any file with this extension must be run with the "BASIC" interpreter. That simply means that you must have a copy of "GWBASIC.EXE" if you have a clone, or "BASICA.COM" if you have an "IBM". (Also available to directly run a .BAS program is "BASICA.EXE" - just type BASICA <basic filename>.) These 2 files (GWBASIC & the ".BAS" file) must reside together or be able to find each other. If your copy of "GWBASIC" was on the floppy in the "A" drive and your "BAS" file was on the "B" drive you would enter the following command from the "B" prompt if the filename was "POKER.BAS" B>A:GWBASIC POKER <enter> - You must put the "A:" in so your computer knows where to find your "BASIC" program. An easier way to do this is to simply copy "GWBASIC.EXE" to the disk that contains the "BAS" files. When both files are together & this disk was in the "A" drive you would enter the following command: A>GWBASIC POKER <enter> - the poker program would now be "running" & you would be playing the game. ============================================================================== Another important file is one with an ".ARC" extension. This means that it contains many smaller files within it. This is a type of file that is sent over a phone line when using a modem. All that is required to use the files contained inside is to extract them with a special program. The program most commonly used is called "PKXARC.EXE". To extract files from a file called "TEST.ARC", you would use the following command at the "A" prompt: A>PKXARC TEST B: <enter> - this would extract all the files that in TEST.ARC and place them on a disk that was in the "B" drive. You must have a formatted blank disk in the "B" drive before issuing this command. When all files have been extracted you will see some of the filenames mentioned above. If you have a hard drive you could copy the ".ARC" files & the program "PKXARC.EXE" to your hard drive & enter the following command: C>PKXARC TEST <enter> - this will extract all the files from an archived state. Then you will see some of the different filenames mentioned above. ============================================================================== The other type of file extension to be concerned about is the ".DQC" extension, which is only a squished ".DOC" file. The program to unsquish this type of file is usually called "UNSQZ.COM". To unsquish this file you would type the following command: A>UNSQZ filename.ext <enter> - where filename.ext would be the actual filename & extension. i.e. To unsquish a file called "TEST.DQC", type the following command: A>UNSQZ TEST.DQC <enter> - will create a file called "TEST.DOC". It is now a readable file. ============================================================================== Hopefully this file will help enable you to understand & use your disks. If all this still sounds like "GREEK", then we strongly suggest that you purchase the following disks: #25 - BEGINNERS - a tutorial on using public domain software. #99 - PC TUTOR-DOS - an excellent program teaching about your computer & how to use "DOS" commands. #112 - DOS HELP - on-line help screens for "DOS" commands. BEST BEST BITS & BYTES P. O. BOX 8245 VAN NUYS, CA 91409 (818) 781-9975