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- From: Raymond J. Rueb
- How Toll Busy Line and Emergency Interrupt Work
-
-
- After reading the previous discussions, I think there is some
- confusion about what the operator is capable of during BLV and EI
- situations. So,
-
- "How Toll Busy Line Verify (BLV) and Emergency Interrupt (EI) Work"
-
- I worked on OSPS BLV & EI for AT&T, and I became familiar with how
- TSPS works also. For TOPS info, ask someone else (though this
- information should be close).
-
- The best way to understand BLV and EI is to run through a customer to
- operator to termination scenario.
-
- 1) After repeatedly receiving a busy signal from their intended
- forward number, a customer calls the operator and asks if the operator
- can help.
-
- 2) The operator enters "VERIFY mode". On TSPS this is done by
- accessing a separate call loop and performing the VERIFY on that loop.
- On OSPS the operator has a separate VERIFY key to press which causes
- the switch to perform the following checks:
-
- a) Is there a valid forward number?
- b) Is the forward number within this operator's VERIFY network? If
- not, the operator must go inward to the local operator who can
- then perform the VERIFY. More about VERIFY networks later.
- c) Is the forward number verifiable? ie: is it on the list of numbers
- of which the operator is not allowed to perform BLV and EI. I never
- understood this idea, maybe the CIA might rest easier, but it really
- is a security redundancy.
-
- 3) If this operator can perform the VERIFY, then the operator presses
- send.
-
- a) The call begins to route over the VERIFY network.
- b) The back party is automatically split from the connection (for
- security reasons, OSPS only; in TSPS the operator is performing the
- VERIFY on a separate loop and there is no back party on that loop)
- c) The operator's talking path is disabled.
- d) A voice scrambler circuit kicks in (in TSPS this is a physical
- circuit attached to the trunk, in OSPS this is firmware in the
- operator's VDT). The scrambler allows the operator to tell IF
- conversation is taking place, but not WHAT is being said.
- It kinda sounds like ducks talking.
-
- 4) The call arrives at the local Central Office (CO) on an incoming
- BLV trunk. This is where my knowledge is a little weak. If the number
- to be verified is a line loaded on that switch, then we're home free.
- The switch automatically causes a test trunk to bridge the port
- associated with the number being called and the operator is now
- connected with all forward parties associated with the call. If,
- however, the line is on a PBX connected to the CO, the connection MAY
- be verifiable. I believe all true PBX's must have incoming VERIFY
- trunks and be capable of performing BLV bridging. I know that some
- PBX's can do this (a 5ESS Switch (tm) can be a PBX), but I don't know
- whether ALL PBX's can do this. It works on centrex.
-
- 5) The operator listens to the scrambled connection to determine if
- the line is in-service or not. This method of determination has the
- following drawbacks:
-
- a) If there is a long lull in the conversation when the operator
- performs the VERIFY, the operator might assume that the number is
- out of service.
- b) Most operators don't seem to be able to recognize data connections
- through the scrambler (what's that funny noise???)
- c) A pre-howler announcement, "please hang-up the phone" sounds like
- conversation. There's actually a lot of debate as to what constitutes
- in-service; if the telco's product is working, but the person has
- recently left the phone off-hook, is it in-service?
-
- 6) The operator splits the forward connection, unsplits the back party
- (TSPS operators change loops) and informs the customer of the status.
-
- 7) The customer requests an EI.
-
- 8) The OSPS operator presses the EI key.
-
- a) The back party is split.
- b) A two second long 440Hz tone is applied to the forward connection.
- c) The scrambler is deactivated.
- d) The operator's voice path with the forward connection is restored.
- e) Every 10 seconds, a 0.5 second tone is repeated to serve as a
- reminder to the forward parties that their conversation is no longer
- private. This tone continues until the operator breaks the EI bridge.
-
- 9) The operator can now talk with the forward party and request that
- they hang-up so that the back party can call them.
-
- 10) The operator relays the response to the back party.
-
- At this point the operator will charge the customer for the VERIFY and EI.
-
- If they have been taught well, the operator will ask if the back party
- wants the operator to connect them with their intended forward party.
- This will result in additional charges for an operator assisted call.
-
- NOTES about BLV and EI service:
-
- 1) BLV and EI are separately tariffed services, but are always flat
- rate. Some states, like Michigan, don't allow charging for BLV but do
- allow EI charges.
-
- 2) During VERIFY and EI, the back party and forward party are NEVER in
- contact.
-
- 3) Calls CANNOT be completed across the VERIFY network.
-
- 4) The VERIFY network USUALLY crosses LATA boundaries.
-
- 5) The VERIFY network is often BOC owned, and often only the BOCs are
- allowed access to them. This means that BOCs frequently are in the
- position of providing INTER-LATA BLV and EI services. Since BOCs are
- forbidden from providing inter-lata services like COLLECT and CARD#,
- why is inter-lata BLV allowed?
-
- NOTES about the VERIFY network and security:
-
- 1) The VERIFY network is separate from the toll network.
-
- 2) Routing on the VERIFY network cannot occur from a customer's phone.
- If you're accidently routed to a VERIFY trunk, your signaling will be
- wrong.
-
- 3) Much emphasis has been placed on operators being able to break into
- private phone conversations as a breach of privacy. Given the way BLV
- and EI perform (with the scrambler and tones) I don't feel that this
- is an issue.
-
- HOWEVER....
-
- 4) Craft test sets have special software to prevent routing on trunks
- MARKED as VERIFY trunks, but there is NOTHING to prevent a craft
- person from modifying how a trunk is marked, and then routing (of
- course it is still special routing signalling that must be used, but
- them craft seem to know about it). I was appalled to find out that
- this is common practice when testing the BLV trunks. What this means
- is that a skilled, but unscrupulous, craftsperson has the
- unsupervised, unmonitored, unscrambled ability to listen in on ANY
- active phone conversation anywhere their VERIFY network reaches. Guess
- you gotta trust them.
-
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