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- The Pdp-11 by Digital Systems is a quite old machine, apoximatley 10 years,
- but some of them are still running, mostly in schools. One of the more popular
- operating systems, Rsts/e features BASIC plus programing language, though the
- following information on it was taken mainly from and RT-11 and CS-360
- operating systems manuals, it is applicable to Rsts/e. I have, based on my
- knowledge of it, compliled a summary of all the commands, with a brief comment
- about each one:
-
-
- CALL "function name" [(argument list)]
- -used to call assembly language user functions from a BASIC program.
-
- Chain "file descriptor"[Line nubmer]
- -Terminates execution of user program, loads and executes the specified program
- starting at the line number, if included."
-
- Close [file #n/Virtual mem. file #n)]
- -Closes the logical file specified. If no file is specified, closes all files
- which are open.
-
- DATA data list
- -Used in conjunction with READ to input data into an executing program.
-
- DEF Fnletter (argument)=expression
- -Defines a user function ot be used in the program (letter is any alphabetic
- letter).
-
- DIM variable(n), variable(n,m),variable$(n),variable$(n,m)
- -Reserves space for lists and tables according to subscripts specified after
- variable name.
-
- END
- -Placed at the physical end of the program to terminate program execution.
-
- FOR variable = expression1 To expression2 Step expression3
- -Sets up a loop to be executed the specified number of times.
-
- GOSUB line number
- -Used to transfer control to a specified line of a subroutine.
-
- GO TO line number
- -Used to unconditionally transfer control to other the next sequential line
- in the program.
-
- If expression rel.op. expression THEN GO TO} line number
- -Used to conditionally transfer control to the specified line in the program.
-
- IF END #n THEN GO TO) line number
- -Used to test for end file on sequential input file #n.
-
- INPUT list
- -Used to input data from the terminal keyboard or papertape device.
-
- [LET] variable=expression
- -Used to assign a value to the specified variable.
-
- [LET] VFn(i)=expression
- -Used to set the value of a virtual memory file element.
-
- NEXT variable
- -Placed at the end of a FOR loop to return control to the FOR statement.
-
- OPEN file [FOR INPUT/OUTPUT}] [(b)] AS FILE #N [DOUBLE BUF]
- -Opens a sequential file for input or output as specified. File may be
- of the form "dev:filnam.ext" or a scalar string variable. The nubmer of
- blocks may be specified by b.
-
- OPEN file [FOR INPUT/OUTPUT}] [(b)] AS FILE #n [DOUBLE BUF]
- -Opens a sequential file for input or output as specified. File may be
- of form "dev:filnam.ext" or a scalar string variable. The number of blocks
- may be specified by b.
-
- OVERLAY "file descriptor"
- -Used to overlay or merge the program currently in memory with a specified
- file, and continue execution.
-
- PRINT list
- -Used to output data to the terminal. The list can contain expressions or text
- strings.
-
- PRINT "text"
- -Used to print a message or a string of characters.
-
- PRINT #expression: expression list
- -Outputs to a particular output device, as specified in an OPEN statement.
-
- PRINT TAB(x);
- -Used to space to the specified column.
-
- RANDOMIZE
- -Causes the random number generator to calculate different random numbers
- every time the program is run.
-
- READ variable list
- -Used to assing the values listed in a DATA statement to the specified
- variables.
-
- REM comment
- -Used to insert explanatory comments into a Basic Program.
-
- RESTORE
- -Used to reset data block pointer so the same data can be used again.
-
- RESTORE #n
- -Rewinds the input sequential file #n to the beginning.
-
- RETURN
- -Used to return program control to the statement following the last GOSUB
- statement.
-
- STOP
- -Used at the logical end of the program to terminate execution.
-
- KEY COMMANDS
- --- --------
-
- Control U: Deletes the entire current line. Echoes DELETED message. On
- some terminals the ESC key must be used.
-
- Control C: Interrupts execution of a command or program and returns control to
- the RT-11 monitor. BASIC may be restarted without loss of the current program
- by using the monitor REENTER command.
-
- Control O: Stops output to the terminal and returns BASIC to the READY message
- when program or command execution is completed.
-
- EDITING AND SYSTEM COMMANDS
- ------- --- ------ --------
-
- CLEAR
- -Sets the array and string buffers to nulls and zeroes.
-
- LIST
- -Prints the user program currently in memory on the terminal.
-
- LIST line number
- LIST -line number
- LIST Line number-[END]
- LIST line number-line number
- -Types out the specified program lines on the terminal
-
- to list without a header, use the LISTNH command
-
- NEW "filnam"
- -Does a SCRatch and sets the current program name to the one specified.
-
- OLD "file"
- -Does a SCRatch and inputs the program from the specified file.
-
- RENAME "filnam"
- -Changes the current program name to the one specified
-
- REPLACE "dev:filnam.ext"
- -Replaces the specified file with the current program
-
- RUN
- -Executes the program in memory.
-
- RUNNH
- -RUNs without printing a header
-
- SAVE "dev:filnam.ext"
- -Outputs the program in memory as the specified file
-
- SCRatch
- -Erases the entire storage area.
-
- MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
- ------------ ---------
-
- ABS(x)
- -Returns the absolute value of x.
-
- ATN(x)
- -Returns the archtangent or x as an angle in radians in the range + or - pi/2.
-
- BIN(x$)
- -Computes the integer value of a string of blanks(ignored), 1's and 0's.
-
- COS(x)
- -Returns the cosine of x radians.
- EXP(x)
- Returns the Value of e^x where e=2.71828.
-
- INT(x)
- -Returns the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
-
- LOG(x)
- -Returns the natural logarithm of x.
-
- OCT(x$)
- -Computes an integer value from a string of blanks(ignored) and the digits
- 0 to 7.
-
- RND(x)
- -Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
-
- SGN(x)
- -Returns a value indicating the sign of x.
-
- SIN(x)
- -Returns to sine of x radians
-
- SQR(x)
- -Returns the Square root of x.
-
- TAB(x)
- -Causes the terminal type head to tab to column number x.
-
- STRING FUNCTIONS
- ------ ---------
-
- ASC(x$)
- -Returns as a decimal number the seven-bit internal code for the one-character
- string (x$).
-
- CHR$(x)
- -Generates a one-character string having the ASCII value x.
-
- DAT$
- -Returns the current date in the format 13-Apil-71
-
- LEN(x$)
- -Returns the number of characters in the string (x$)
-
- POS(x$,y$,z)
- -Searches for and returns the position of the first occurrence of y$ in x$
- starting with the zth postition.
-
- SEG$(x$,y,z)
- -Returns the string of characters in positions y through z in X$.
-
- STR$(x)
- -Returns the string which represents the numeric value of x.
-
- TRM$(x$)
- -Returns x$ withut trailing blanks.
-
- VAL(x$)
- -Returns the number represented by the string (x$)
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Another Great Directory from Hacker Supreme. (Ninja Squirrel /+\, Logan - 5,)
- (Zaphod Breeblebox, Silicon Rat, Lord Vision, Crazy Horse, Lancelot-1.)
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-
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