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- CSNET
- ~~~~~
- CSNET. Establishment of a network for computer science research was first
- suggested in 1974, by the NSF advisory committee for computer science. The
- objective of the network would be to support collaboration among researchers,
- provide research sharing, and, in particular, support isolated researchers in
- the smaller universities.
- In the spring of 1980, CSNET [Computer Science Network], was defined and
- proposed to NSF as a logical network made up of several physical networks of
- various power, performance, and cost. NSF responded with a five year contract
- for development of the network under the condition that CSNET was to be
- financially self-supporting by 1986. Initially CSNET was a network with five
- major components -- ARPANET, Phonenet (a telephone based message relaying
- service), X25Net (suppose for the TCP-IP Protocol suite over X.25-based public
- data networks), a public host (a centralized mail service), and a name server
- (an online database of CSNET users to support transparent mail services). The
- common service provided across all these networks is electronic mail, which is
- integrated at a special service host, which acts as an electronic mail relay
- between the component networks. Thus CSNET users can send electronic mail to
- all ARPANET users and vice-versa. CSNET, with DARPA support, installed
- ARPANET connections at the CSNET development sites at the universities of
- Delaware and Wisconsin and Purdue University.
- In 1981, Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) contracted to provide technical
- and user services and to operate the CSNET Coordination and Information Center.
- In 1983, general management of CSNET was assumed by UCAR [the Univ. Corporation
- for Atmospheric Research], with a subcontract to BBN. Since then, CSNET has
- grown rapidly and is currently an independent, financially stable, and
- professionally managed service to the computer research community. However,
- the momentum created by CSNET's initial success caused the broad community
- support it now enjoys. More than 165 university, industrial, and government
- computer research groups now belong to CSNET.
- A number of lessons may be learned from the CSNET experience.
- 1) The network is now financially self-sufficient, showing that a research is
- willing to pay for the benefits of a networking service. (Users pay usage
- charges plus membership fees ranging from $2000 for small computer science
- departments to $30,000 for the larger industrial members.)
- 2) While considerable benefits are available to researchers from simple
- electronic mail and mailing list services -- the Phonenet service -- most
- researchers want the much higher level of performance and service provided by
- the ARPANET.
- 3) Providing a customer support and information service is crucial to the
- success of a network, even (or perhaps especially) when the users are themselves sophisticated computer science professionals. Lessons from the
- CSNET experience will provide valuable input to the design, implementation,
- provision of user services, and operation and management of NSFnet, and, in
- particular, to the development of the appropriate funding model for NSFnet.
- CSNET, with support from the NSFnet program, is now developing the CYPRESS
- project which is examining ways in which the level of CSNET service may be
- improved, at low cost, to research departments. CYPRESS will use the DARPA
- protocol suite and provide ARPANET-like service on low-speed 9600-bit-per-
- second leased line telephone links. The network will use a nearest neighbor
- topology, modeled on BITNET, while providing a higher level of service to users
- and a higher level of interoperability with the ARPANET. The CYPRESS project is
- designed to replace or supplement CSNET use of the X.25 public networks, which
- has proved excessively expensive. This approach may also be used to provide a
- low-cost connection to NSFnet for smaller campuses.
-