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- Hacking ARPANET -- Part I
-
- by
-
- The SOURCE
-
- of
-
- -=>*The Listening Post*<=-
-
- 408-923-7575
-
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- ***************************************
-
- INTRODUCTION
- ------------
-
- ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) was funded by the
- Department
- of Defense (DOD) in 1969 as an experiment in sharing the resources of many
- different types of computers. Earlier DOD systems (AUTODIN,for example),
- relied
- on linking computers that were the same make, using the same operating systems.
- Work on ARPANET was performed under contract by many organizations, including
- educational institutions, and today it is universities who are the primary
- network users.
-
- Once logged onto ARPANET a user may conference with, or use the program
- resources and available data files of any other computer that is on the system.
- Hundreds of computers are available over ARPANET including computers at non-
- university research centers like Rand Corporation, SRI and other military-
- industrial think tanks.
-
- Until late 1983 and early 1984, military computers were also a major
- ARPANET resource. With the threat from young computer "hackers", however, the
- military computers have moved to their own ARPANET-like network called MILNET.
- The two networks are now part of what is known as the "DDN" or Defense Data
- Network. ARPANET nodes may be used to dial-up MILNET nodes as long as the
- caller can enter the proper authorization code and password once connected to
- the MILNET node. MILNET users can, likewise, use ARPANET resources.
-
- ARPANET is also used as a resource for students as well as computer
- scientists and engineering specialists. Because of the variety of users, the
- system tends to be very talkative about itself and vary helpful. Periodically,
- however, certain ARPANET nodes decrease the amount of help that they provide
- online.
-
- Despite the fact that dozens of different types of computers are
- interfaced
- in ARPANET, it is a simple system to use because all nodes (called TIP's), use
- fundamentally the same operating systems on either DEC (Digital Equipment
- Corporation) models 20 or 10 mainframes. The operating system is called the
- "EXEC" and is called the TOPS-20 Monitor (on the DEC 20).
-
- Access numbers for local ARPANET nodes can be found from users of certain
- bulletin boards, by calling the system manager, or by asking someone who
- attends a major university.
-
- GETTING OL
- ----------
-
- Once connected to the system, hit <CR> once for 300 baud or twice if you
- are using 1200 baud. The EXEC then recognizes you and displays a welcome
- message as below:
-
- WELCOME TO ARPANET
- **FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY**
- Call the NIC at 1-800-235-3155 for TAC user problems.
- Type @n for news.
- SU TAC 110 #:13
-
- At this point there are only two commands that the Exec will recognize:
- @N for news, and @O for onto the host sysem. Start by checking out the news.
- The node you have reached may be willing to be very helpful and informative.
-
- NEWS FROM THE EXECUTIVE
- -----------------------
-
- A sampLe executive sEssion follows Below:
-
- @N <user entry>
- TCP Trying...Open
- SRI-NIC, TOPS-20 Monitor 5.3(5731)-1
- * For TACNEWS, enter: tacnews<RETURN>
- * To find the host administrator for host xy-z, enter: whois xy-z<RETURN>
- * Report system problems to Action@SRI-NIC or call (415) 859-5921
- There are 7+12 jobs with load average 1.13
-
- @TACNEWS <exec provides @ prompt, user replies "tacnews">
-
- SRI-NIC TACnews 1.3(15)-2 on Sunday, 23-Sep-84 11:13pm-PDT
- Send bugs or comments to TACNEWS@SRI-NIC.ARPA
- 1. Announcementc (updated 1$-Sep-84)
- * 2. Dial-Ups (MILNET TAC telephone numbers, updated 17-Sep-84)
- * 3. Login (Help with TAC login, updated 24-Aug-84)
- 4. Newsletters (DDN News, updated 24-Jan-84)
- 5. Bulletins (DDN Management bulletins, updated 17-Sep-84)
- Type a menu number ('HELP<CR>' for more info): HELP
-
- The NetNews program lets you access sets of news files at the DDN Network
- Information Center (NIC). So far, you have entered the program and seen a menu
- of available sets and documents. Documents are marked in the menu with a '*'
- in the first column. To view a doument, or browse through a set, type its menu
- number followed by carriage return, <CR>. If you choose a set, you will then
- be
- shown a summary of the most recent issues, and by typing its menu nuiber may
- rea` the item. Type 'TOP<CR>' at any time to get back to the first menu.
-
- useful commands are:
- ? To see a list of commands
- ^O (control-o) To stop the typeout of an issue
- HELP To get more information
- TOP To return to the beginning menu
- QUIT To exit
-
- Terminate all commands, except '?', with a carriage return, <CR>.
-
- <monitor then returns to the menu and we type QUIT so we can learn what else is
- available to someone who has not logged in.>
-
- Killed Job 34, User TACNEWS, Account QUERY, TTY 110, at 23-Sep-84 23:15:47
- Used 0:00:01 in 0:01:53
- Host closing connection
- Closed
-
- GETTING HELP
- ------------
-
- <Each function is treated as an unique job. The HELP command is part of the
- QUERY prOgram. A log report is Made when the user QUITs. The user must thEn
- begin all over again with the @N prompt, read the herald again, and then proceed
- to other options when the system responds with its own @ prompt. We skip these
- redundancies in this example.>
-
- @HELP <user enters HELP>
- To see a list of your options for commands or arguments, try typing question
- mark. Typing "?" to the "@" prompt gives you a list of the commands the Exec
- understands. Typing "?" after one of these commands tells you what you can type
- next. For example,
- @HELP ?
- will show you a list of some of the more important topicc for which Help is
- available. The question mark invokes a help message without affecting what
- you've typed so far; you can go on typing the command just as if you hadn't
- typed "?". Also, the question mark is read immediately; you don't have to type
- RETURN.
-
- If you make a mistake while typing a command, use BACKSPACE to delete the last
- character you typed. Ctrl/W wZ"1Qyour last Word, and Ctrl/U will delete
- your entire command line, allowing you to start again. If you feel hopelessly
- lost, typing Ctrl/C twice will return you to the Exec "@".
-
- @HELP ? RETURN for general help
- or * to see all topics
- or the name of an EXEC command
- or one of the following:
- ATTACH BLANK BREAK DAYTIME ECHO
- FINGER HELP INFORMATION KK LOGIN
- LOGOUT NIC SET SYSTAT TACNEWS
- TERMINAL UNATTACH WHOIS
-
- <above is a list of the help files available at this particular session. At
- other times either more or fewer files are available.
-
-
- Downloaded from Just Say Yes. 2 lines, More than 500 files online!
- Full access on first call. 415-922-2008 CASFA
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