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CB.LESSON.5
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AppleWorks Document
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1990-04-15
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11.3 KB
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157 lines
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[1A] AppleWorks Word Processing (0x0000)
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Text Tricks Text Tricks Text Tricks
GTry saying that three times real fast. Entering text in an AppleWorks O
Mspreadsheet can sometimes be as tricky. This month's column will detail the N
Lidiosyncrasies and oddities of spreadsheet text. I'll even show you how to L
Jturn one of these limitations into a very powerful feature. (Programmers P
Nhave a saying: "That's not a bug, that's a feature. Did I charge you for the
deluxe version?")
KEntering word processor text is easy. Just type away and everything takes N
Lcare of itself, even if you change margins, tabs, cut & paste, etc. In the G
Edatabase, text stays in whatever record field you type it into. The N
Lspreadsheet is a very different beast. Instead of taking what you type "as L
Jis", the spreadsheet inspects every keystroke. The first character typed N
Ldetermines what AppleWorks "thinks" you are trying do and prevents you from M
Kmaking syntax errors. This may seem to be a feature, and in most cases it L
Jis. It can also be annoying when you and AppleWorks disagree on what you I
Greally are trying to enter. The following table shows what AppleWorks :
interprets based on the first character typed in a cell:
Characters Expecting0
0123456789()+-*/. number or formula'
@ function#
a-z,A-Z text#
" textA
~`!#$%^&_[]\{}|;:'<>?, not acceptable as first characters4
control characters, escape not acceptable at all
KIf you want to type your street address, 3501 E. Yacht Drive, into a cell, H
FAppleWorks thinks you are trying to enter a number, because the first P
Ncharacter is a number. It will beep at you when you type the space after the O
M1 because a space is not a legal character in a number or formula. You will O
Mencounter the same problem if you want to type something like the following, N
L@$15.00 each, as text. When AppleWorks sees the @ sign, it thinks built-in J
Hfunction. If you typed, @Susan, you would make it through the u before M
Kgetting the beep, because AppleWorks thinks you're trying to enter @Sum, a K
Ilegal function. Can you see how annoying this "feature" can be? Easily
bypassed though...
NTo enter text without this scrutiny, your first character needs to be a quote N
Lmark ("). This tells AppleWorks to stop bugging you about what you type in O
Mthat cell, except for control characters. Note that the quote mark will not L
Jshow on the screen! It only acts to define the entry as text. Important P
Nlimitation: when the entry in a cell is text (technically called a label), it M
Kwill not perform as a number. That is, if you enter 1000 as text ("1000), N
Land try to add it to other numbers, AppleWorks will treat the 1000 as zero, K
Iand you'll get the wrong answer. Mathematically, all text is treated as
having a value of zero.
JNow that we understand how AppleWorks looks at what you are typing, let's =
take a look at how AppleWorks processes the entered text...
KAs you type in text, it is entered in the selected cell. If the number of O
Mcharacters exceeds the column width, the extra characters are entered in the K
Icell to the right of the selected cell, and so on across the screen. In F
Dother spreadsheet programs, such as Excel or Lotus 123, the text is H
Fconsidered to all be entered in the original selected cell, and extra N
Lcharacters just "overflow" onto the neighboring cells without becoming part M
Kof them. Manipulation to the cell will affect the entire string of text. J
HNot so with AppleWorks!! The overflowing characters become part of the H
Fadjoining cells, and are not related in any way, shape or form to the N
Loriginal cell! This "feature" can be truly annoying if you need to edit or L
Jcut & paste the text, or change column widths. (This is what I personally N
Lconsider to be the weakest part of the AppleWorks spreadsheet. Enhancement L
Jof the spreadsheet text handling would be the greatest productivity boost K
IClaris could give to AppleWorks.) Preplanning your spreadsheet can help P
Nminimize this problem, especially with column widths. If you figure out your =
column widths first, you won't have to go back and edit allK
Ithe text that crosses from one column to the next every time you alter a
column width.
IWhile we're on the subject, a quick note about number formats and column L
Jwidths. Numbers do not overflow columns. If the number is too wide to be P
Ndisplayed in a cell, you will see the following: ##########. The equation or L
Jnumber in the cell is still functioning properly and subsequent equations O
Mwill calculate correctly, but to actually see this number, the number format N
Lmust be changed or the column must be widened. More on number formats in a
future Cell Block.
MEditing text (with open-apple-U) alters the text handling in some cases. If O
Mcharacters are added while editing, and the number of characters in the cell N
Lnow exceeds the column width, the above-mentioned overflow does not occur. K
IInstead it becomes an "underflow". That is, even though you have put 15 L
Jcharacters into cell only 10 characters wide, all 15 characters are still P
Nconsidered to be part of the cell. The cell to the right is unaffected. The P
Nextra 5 characters appear to be sitting under the cell to the right, but they K
Ido not show on the screen nor do they print. The only way to see all 15 J
Hcharacters is to move the cursor to the cell and look at the lower left O
Mcorner of the screen to see the true contents of the cell. If you widen the J
Hcolumn to 12 characters, two more characters will become visible on the J
Hscreen with the last three still "hidden". Similarly, if you shrink the O
Mcolumn width to 8 characters, the last 7 characters in the cell are hidden. F
Pretty weird, huh. Remember the trick I promised you? Here it is...
CWe can use this hidden character feature to put "road signs" in a K
Ispreadsheet without messing up the screen or the output. For example: a P
Nfamily budget spreadsheet. Many subsections are needed: income, fixed bills, N
Lvariable bills, purchases, savings, investments, insurance, personal worth, M
Ketc. Moving from section to section can be very tedious. Many times, the F
Dlabel used for each will flow over several cells. The Find command P
N(open-apple-F) will only look in individual cells, one at a time, when trying I
Gto find something. With the hidden text "feature" we can put up to 80 J
Hcharacters into a single cell without disturbing anything else. In our M
Kexample, "Personal Worth" is 14 characters long and all our columns are 10 P
Ncharacters wide. On the screen, "Personal Worth" is broken down over 2 cells K
Ias "Personal W" and "orth". (Remember the space between the l and the W L
Jcounts as a character.) Using OA-F to find "Personal Worth" will come up O
Mempty. Let's edit the cell containing "Personal W" (OA-U) and put "orth" on O
Mthe end of it. It still looks the same on the screen, but OA-F will find it
LA quick note about the Find command: when invoked, OA-F will start looking L
Jin the highlighted cell and continue moving down the spreadsheet until it O
Mfinds what it's looking for or find the bottom of the spreadsheet. The rows H
Fabove the selected cell are not searched. To make sure all cells are O
Msearched, use OA-1 to move to row 1 of the spreadsheet before using the Find
command.
MPartially hidden text is interesting, but invisible text is really neat. To O
Mmake the text "invisible", just insert enough blank spaces in front the text M
Kso the text is moved out of the cell. The cell will appear blank, but the O
Mactual text of the cell will only be visible at the lower left corner of the #
screen when the cell is selected.
JThat's great, but how can we constructively use this? Besides the hidden N
Lsign-post idea discussed above, it allows you to put a tremendous amount of N
Linformation on a single screen. The normal screen is 76 character wide and L
J18 rows high. Physically, that's 1,368 characters that can be shown on a P
Nsingle screen. Using the invisible text method, you can actually store up to L
J10,000 characters on a single screen, and that's not counting the leading L
Jblank spaces. If we set all 64 columns to 1 character wide, our potential K
Isingle screen storage soars to over 90,000 characters. Wow! Using this L
Jmethod, you can put instructions, warnings, comments, jokes, or whatever, <
just about anywhere without taking up a lot of the screen.
NConvention tip: use the right most column on the screen to hold this type of O
Minformation. Set the column width to 1 and therefore only one leading space K
Iis required. This allows you to annotate each row of the screen. Total O
Mnotation space using this convention, 1422 characters per screen! This text O
Mis out of the way so you don't accidentally overwrite it. It is also a good N
Lidea to protect these cells too. Check out the file "Invisible" to see how
this works.
MUsers of AppleWorks 3.0 will notice something completely unconventional: The P
Nfirst time you move the cursor to column H in our "Invisible" file it becomes P
Ninvisible! This "feature" happens because the version 3.0 display area is one O
Mcharacter narrower than version 2.1's and some program logic was not changed $
to take the new size into account.
NI'm sure there are more uses for the trick of hiding invisible text in narrow +
cells. See if you can come up with some.
MAnother unusual text item is worth mentioning. You can set a cell to show a P
Nrepeated character. If you wanted a cell to show dashed lines, enter a quote N
Lmark followed by the number of dashes equal to the width of the cell. When L
Jyou hit return, look at the lower left corner of the screen. It will say P
N"Repeated-". The advantage to this is that as your column widths change, the N
Lrepeated character will continue to fill the cell. The drawback to this is N
Lthat you can't directly edit the cell. To change it, you must overwrite it
or blank it.
MMost people use the dash as their chief formating character. By using other O
Mcharacters, the appearance can be further enhanced. Some examples are shown
in the file "Invisible".
LText alignment may seem to be a fairly straight forward feature. Align the K
Itext in the cell either to the left, the right, or center it. There are M
Ktimes though this may not get you exactly what you want. For example, you M
Kwant to right align some text in column B, but this makes it appear to run N
Linto the text in column C. This problem can be solved by adding a space at O
Mthe end of the text in column B (use open-apple-U). The text is now aligned O
Mto the right but there is a space at the end of the text providing a divider P
Nwith column C. The technique of padding text with leading or trailing spaces L
Jwill allow you align your text just about anywhere you want to. To align %
text, use the open-apple-L command.