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Unknown  |  1989-06-18  |  9.7 KB  |  [06] Binary File (0x2000)

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ConfidenceProgramDetectionMatch TypeSupport
66% dexvert E-Tracker Chiptune (music/eTracker) ext Supported
1% dexvert Simis (archive/simis) ext Unsupported
1% dexvert TADS (other/tads) ext Unsupported
100% file data default


id metadata
keyvalue
proDOSType[06]
proDOSTypeCode[BIN]
proDOSTypePretty[Binary File]
proDOSTypeAux[2000]



hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
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|00000db0| 79 6f 75 20 42 4c 4f 41 | 44 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 |you BLOA|Ded in t|
|00000dc0| 68 65 20 70 72 65 76 69 | 6f 75 73 20 65 78 61 6d |he previ|ous exam|
|00000dd0| 70 6c 65 2e 0d 00 00 00 | 05 02 33 01 24 05 00 34 |ple.....|..3.$..4|
|00000de0| 01 24 01 01 2a 24 03 53 | 79 6e 74 61 78 20 6f 66 |.$..*$.S|yntax of|
|00000df0| 20 74 68 65 20 49 4e 53 | 54 52 49 4e 47 20 46 75 | the INS|TRING Fu|
|00000e00| 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 0d 06 | 0d 4f 75 72 20 69 6d 70 |nction..|.Our imp|
|00000e10| 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 49 |lementat|ion of I|
|00000e20| 4e 53 54 52 49 4e 47 20 | 69 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 |NSTRING |is calle|
|00000e30| 64 20 47 45 54 20 4f 4e | 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 |d GET ON|. This i|
|00000e40| 73 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 | 6e 74 61 78 3a 0d 00 04 |s the sy|ntax:...|
|00000e50| 50 02 21 77 01 03 53 1f | 43 41 4c 4c 20 3c 61 64 |P.!w..S.|CALL <ad|
|00000e60| 64 72 65 73 73 3e 2c 20 | 47 45 54 20 3c 6d 69 6e |dress>, |GET <min|
|00000e70| 6f 72 20 73 74 72 69 6e | 67 3e 20 4f 4e 20 3c 6d |or strin|g> ON <m|
|00000e80| 61 6a 6f 72 20 73 74 72 | 69 6e 67 3e 20 41 54 20 |ajor str|ing> AT |
|00000e90| 3c 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 | 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 |<numeric| express|
|00000ea0| 69 6f 6e 3e 2c 3c 72 65 | 61 6c 20 76 61 72 69 61 |ion>,<re|al varia|
|00000eb0| 62 6c 65 3e 0d 00 00 00 | 01 01 2a 24 54 68 65 20 |ble>....|..*$The |
|00000ec0| 74 77 6f 20 73 74 72 69 | 6e 67 73 20 63 61 6e 20 |two stri|ngs can |
|00000ed0| 62 65 20 61 6e 79 20 73 | 74 72 69 6e 67 20 6c 69 |be any s|tring li|
|00000ee0| 74 65 72 61 6c 20 6f 72 | 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 |teral or| string |
|00000ef0| 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 | 6f 6e 2e 20 49 66 20 65 |expressi|on. If e|
|00000f00| 69 74 68 65 72 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 6e 75 6c 6c 20 |ither is| a null |
|00000f10| 73 74 72 69 6e 67 2c 20 | 47 45 54 20 4f 4e 20 77 |string, |GET ON w|
|00000f20| 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 74 75 | 72 6e 20 61 20 3f 5a 45 |ill retu|rn a ?ZE|
|00000f30| 52 4f 20 45 52 52 4f 52 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6e 75 |RO ERROR|. The nu|
|00000f40| 6d 65 72 69 63 20 65 78 | 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e |meric ex|pression|
|00000f50| 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 | can be |a number|
|00000f60| 2c 20 61 20 76 61 72 69 | 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 72 20 |, a vari|able or |
|00000f70| 61 6e 79 20 6e 75 6d 65 | 72 69 63 20 65 78 70 72 |any nume|ric expr|
|00000f80| 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 72 65 61 6c |ession. |The real|
|00000f90| 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c | 65 20 6d 75 73 74 2c 20 | variabl|e must, |
|00000fa0| 6f 66 20 63 6f 75 72 73 | 65 2c 20 62 65 20 61 20 |of cours|e, be a |
|00000fb0| 72 65 61 6c 20 76 61 72 | 69 61 62 6c 65 20 2d 2d |real var|iable --|
|00000fc0| 20 69 74 20 6d 61 79 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 61 | it may |not be a|
|00000fd0| 6e 20 69 6e 74 65 67 65 | 72 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 |n intege|r variab|
|00000fe0| 6c 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 72 65 61 6c 20 76 61 72 |le. The |real var|
|00000ff0| 69 61 62 6c 65 20 77 69 | 6c 6c 20 72 65 74 75 72 |iable wi|ll retur|
|00001000| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f | 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 |n the po|sition w|
|00001010| 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 6d 69 6e 6f 72 20 73 |here the| minor s|
|00001020| 74 72 69 6e 67 20 6d 61 | 74 63 68 65 73 20 74 68 |tring ma|tches th|
|00001030| 65 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 | 73 74 72 69 6e 67 2c 20 |e major |string, |
|00001040| 73 74 61 72 74 69 6e 67 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |starting| from th|
|00001050| 65 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 20 70 6f 69 6e |e charac|ter poin|
|00001060| 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 | 79 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 |ted to b|y the nu|
|00001070| 6d 65 72 69 63 20 65 78 | 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e |meric ex|pression|
|00001080| 2e 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 | 72 65 20 77 61 73 20 6e |. If the|re was n|
|00001090| 6f 20 6d 61 74 63 68 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 61 |o match,| the rea|
|000010a0| 6c 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 | 6c 65 20 69 73 20 73 65 |l variab|le is se|
|000010b0| 74 20 74 6f 20 7a 65 72 | 6f 2e 0d 00 00 00 05 02 |t to zer|o.......|
|000010c0| 33 01 24 05 00 34 01 24 | 01 01 2a 24 0d 0d 54 68 |3.$..4.$|..*$..Th|
|000010d0| 61 74 20 70 72 6f 62 61 | 62 6c 79 20 73 6f 75 6e |at proba|bly soun|
|000010e0| 64 65 64 20 61 73 20 67 | 69 62 62 65 72 69 73 68 |ded as g|ibberish|
|000010f0| 20 61 73 20 69 74 20 6c | 6f 6f 6b 73 2e 20 49 74 | as it l|ooks. It|
|00001100| 27 73 20 72 65 61 6c 6c | 79 20 61 20 73 69 6d 70 |'s reall|y a simp|
|00001110| 6c 65 20 69 6e 74 75 69 | 74 69 76 65 20 63 6f 6e |le intui|tive con|
|00001120| 63 65 70 74 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 61 20 66 65 77 |cept whi|ch a few|
|00001130| 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6d | example|s will m|
|00001140| 61 6b 65 20 70 65 72 66 | 65 63 74 6c 79 20 63 6c |ake perf|ectly cl|
|00001150| 65 61 72 2e 0d 0d 4e 6f | 74 65 3a 20 47 45 54 20 |ear...No|te: GET |
|00001160| 4f 4e 20 69 73 20 63 61 | 73 65 2d 69 6e 73 65 6e |ON is ca|se-insen|
|00001170| 73 69 74 69 76 65 2e 0d | 00 00 00 05 02 33 01 24 |sitive..|.....3.$|
|00001180| 05 00 34 01 24 01 01 2a | 24 45 58 41 4d 50 4c 45 |..4.$..*|$EXAMPLE|
|00001190| 3a 0d 0d 43 41 4c 4c 20 | 4d 4c 2c 20 47 45 54 20 |:..CALL |ML, GET |
|000011a0| 41 24 20 4f 4e 20 42 24 | 20 41 54 20 30 2c 52 42 |A$ ON B$| AT 0,RB|
|000011b0| 0d 0d 41 73 73 75 6d 65 | 20 41 24 20 3d 20 5f 6c |..Assume| A$ = _l|
|000011c0| 6f 22 20 61 6e 64 20 42 | 24 20 3d 5f 68 65 6c 6c |o" and B|$ =_hell|
|000011d0| 6f 22 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 73 74 |o". This| will st|
|000011e0| 61 72 74 20 73 65 61 72 | 63 68 69 6e 67 20 61 74 |art sear|ching at|
|000011f0| 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 | 72 74 20 6f 66 20 5f 68 | the sta|rt of _h|
|00001200| 65 6c 6c 6f 22 20 28 61 | 74 20 30 29 20 61 6e 64 |ello" (a|t 0) and|
|00001210| 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 72 69 | 67 68 74 20 75 6e 74 69 | look ri|ght unti|
|00001220| 6c 20 69 74 20 66 69 6e | 64 73 20 5f 6c 6f 22 2e |l it fin|ds _lo".|
|00001230| 20 54 68 61 74 20 77 69 | 6c 6c 20 68 61 70 70 65 | That wi|ll happe|
|00001240| 6e 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 66 6f 75 72 74 68 20 |n at the| fourth |
|00001250| 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 | 72 2c 20 73 6f 20 74 68 |characte|r, so th|
|00001260| 65 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 | 6c 65 20 52 42 20 77 69 |e variab|le RB wi|
|00001270| 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 73 65 | 74 20 74 6f 20 34 2e 0d |ll be se|t to 4..|
|00001280| 00 00 00 05 02 33 01 24 | 05 00 34 01 24 01 01 2a |.....3.$|..4.$..*|
|00001290| 24 45 58 41 4d 50 4c 45 | 3a 0d 0d 43 41 4c 4c 20 |$EXAMPLE|:..CALL |
|000012a0| 4d 4c 2c 20 47 45 54 20 | 5f 45 22 20 4f 4e 20 58 |ML, GET |_E" ON X|
|000012b0| 24 20 41 54 20 35 2c 59 | 0d 0d 41 73 73 75 6d 65 |$ AT 5,Y|..Assume|
|000012c0| 20 58 24 20 3d 20 5f 40 | 41 42 43 44 45 22 2e 20 | X$ = _@|ABCDE". |
|000012d0| 54 68 69 73 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 |This wil|l start |
|000012e0| 73 65 61 72 63 68 69 6e | 67 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 |searchin|g at the|
|000012f0| 20 6c 65 74 74 65 72 20 | 5f 44 22 20 28 74 68 65 | letter |_D" (the|
|00001300| 20 66 69 66 74 68 20 63 | 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 | fifth c|haracter|
|00001310| 29 20 61 6e 64 20 6c 6f | 6f 6b 20 72 69 67 68 74 |) and lo|ok right|
|00001320| 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 69 | 74 20 66 69 6e 64 73 20 | until i|t finds |
|00001330| 74 68 65 20 6c 65 74 74 | 65 72 20 5f 45 22 2e 20 |the lett|er _E". |
|00001340| 54 68 61 74 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 62 65 20 61 74 20 |That wil|l be at |
|00001350| 74 68 65 20 73 69 78 74 | 68 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 |the sixt|h charac|
|00001360| 74 65 72 2c 20 73 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 76 61 72 69 |ter, so |the vari|
|00001370| 61 62 6c 65 20 59 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 73 |able Y w|ill be s|
|00001380| 65 74 20 74 6f 20 36 2e | 0d 00 00 00 05 02 33 01 |et to 6.|......3.|
|00001390| 24 05 00 34 01 24 01 01 | 2a 24 45 58 41 4d 50 4c |$..4.$..|*$EXAMPL|
|000013a0| 45 3a 0d 0d 43 41 4c 4c | 20 4d 4c 2c 20 47 45 54 |E:..CALL| ML, GET|
|000013b0| 20 56 24 20 4f 4e 20 5f | 41 45 49 4f 55 59 22 20 | V$ ON _|AEIOUY" |
|000013c0| 41 54 20 30 2c 56 0d 0d | 41 73 73 75 6d 65 20 56 |AT 0,V..|Assume V|
|000013d0| 24 20 3d 20 5f 52 22 2e | 20 54 68 69 73 20 77 69 |$ = _R".| This wi|
|000013e0| 6c 6c 20 73 74 61 72 74 | 20 73 65 61 72 63 68 69 |ll start| searchi|
|000013f0| 6e 67 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e |ng from |position|
|00001400| 20 30 20 28 74 68 65 20 | 62 65 67 69 6e 6e 69 6e | 0 (the |beginnin|
|00001410| 67 29 20 6f 66 20 5f 41 | 45 49 4f 55 59 22 2e 20 |g) of _A|EIOUY". |
|00001420| 49 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 70 61 73 73 20 61 6c 6c |It will |pass all|
|00001430| 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 79 | 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 | the way| through|
|00001440| 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 | 20 66 69 6e 64 69 6e 67 | without| finding|
|00001450| 20 61 6e 20 5f 52 22 2c | 20 73 6f 20 69 74 20 77 | an _R",| so it w|
|00001460| 69 6c 6c 20 73 65 74 20 | 56 20 74 6f 20 7a 65 72 |ill set |V to zer|
|00001470| 6f 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 74 |o, which| means t|
|00001480| 68 65 20 6d 69 6e 6f 72 | 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 |he minor| string |
|00001490| 77 61 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 66 6f 75 6e 64 2e 0d 00 |was not |found...|
|000014a0| 00 00 05 02 33 01 24 05 | 00 34 01 24 01 01 2a 24 |....3.$.|.4.$..*$|
|000014b0| 45 58 41 4d 50 4c 45 3a | 0d 0d 43 41 4c 4c 20 4d |EXAMPLE:|..CALL M|
|000014c0| 4c 2c 20 47 45 54 20 41 | 24 20 4f 4e 20 42 24 20 |L, GET A|$ ON B$ |
|000014d0| 41 54 20 30 2c 43 0d 0d | 41 73 73 75 6d 65 20 41 |AT 0,C..|Assume A|
|000014e0| 24 20 3d 20 5f 22 2e 20 | 59 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c |$ = _". |You will|
|000014f0| 20 69 6d 6d 65 64 69 61 | 74 65 6c 79 20 67 65 74 | immedia|tely get|
|00001500| 20 61 20 5f 3f 5a 45 52 | 4f 20 45 52 52 4f 52 22 | a _?ZER|O ERROR"|
|00001510| 2c 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 | 65 20 79 6f 75 20 75 73 |, becaus|e you us|
|00001520| 65 64 20 61 20 73 74 72 | 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 |ed a str|ing with|
|00001530| 20 61 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 | 68 20 6f 66 20 7a 65 72 | a lengt|h of zer|
|00001540| 6f 2e 0d 00 00 00 05 02 | 33 01 24 05 00 34 01 24 |o.......|3.$..4.$|
|00001550| 01 01 2a 24 45 58 41 4d | 50 4c 45 3a 0d 0d 43 41 |..*$EXAM|PLE:..CA|
|00001560| 4c 4c 20 4d 4c 2c 20 47 | 45 54 20 4c 24 20 4f 4e |LL ML, G|ET L$ ON|
|00001570| 20 5f 52 4f 54 54 45 4e | 20 45 47 47 53 22 20 41 | _ROTTEN| EGGS" A|
|00001580| 54 20 4c 2c 4d 0d 0d 41 | 73 73 75 6d 65 20 4c 24 |T L,M..A|ssume L$|
|00001590| 20 3d 20 5f 45 47 47 22 | 20 61 6e 64 20 4c 20 3d | = _EGG"| and L =|
|000015a0| 20 35 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 73 74 | 5. This| will st|
|000015b0| 61 72 74 20 73 65 61 72 | 63 68 69 6e 67 20 61 74 |art sear|ching at|
|000015c0| 20 74 68 65 20 5f 45 22 | 20 28 66 69 66 74 68 20 | the _E"| (fifth |
|000015d0| 6c 65 74 74 65 72 20 69 | 6e 20 5f 52 4f 54 54 45 |letter i|n _ROTTE|
|000015e0| 4e 22 20 61 6e 64 20 6c | 6f 6f 6b 20 74 6f 20 74 |N" and l|ook to t|
|000015f0| 68 65 20 72 69 67 68 74 | 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 69 |he right| until i|
|00001600| 74 20 6d 61 74 63 68 65 | 73 20 5f 45 47 47 22 20 |t matche|s _EGG" |
|00001610| 61 74 20 63 68 61 72 61 | 63 74 65 72 20 65 69 67 |at chara|cter eig|
|00001620| 68 74 2e 20 49 74 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 6e |ht. It w|ill then|
|00001630| 20 73 65 74 20 4d 20 74 | 6f 20 65 69 67 68 74 2e | set M t|o eight.|
|00001640| 0d 00 00 00 05 02 33 01 | 24 05 00 34 01 24 01 01 |......3.|$..4.$..|
|00001650| 2a 24 03 53 79 6e 74 61 | 78 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |*$.Synta|x of the|
|00001660| 20 50 52 49 4e 54 20 4f | 4e 20 46 75 6e 63 74 69 | PRINT O|N Functi|
|00001670| 6f 6e 0d 06 0d 4f 75 72 | 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 |on...Our| impleme|
|00001680| 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 50 52 49 4e 54 |ntation |of PRINT|
|00001690| 20 55 53 49 4e 47 20 69 | 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 | USING i|s called|
|000016a0| 20 50 52 49 4e 54 20 4f | 4e 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 | PRINT O|N. This |
|000016b0| 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 79 6e 74 61 78 3a 0d 00 |is the s|yntax:..|
|000016c0| 04 50 05 1b 6d 01 06 53 | 19 43 41 4c 4c 20 3c 61 |.P..m..S|.CALL <a|
|000016d0| 64 64 72 65 73 73 3e 2c | 20 50 52 49 4e 54 20 3c |ddress>,| PRINT <|
|000016e0| 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 20 | 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 |numeric |expressi|
|000016f0| 6f 6e 3e 20 4f 4e 20 3c | 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 65 |on> ON <|string e|
|00001700| 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f | 6e 3e 0d 0d 0d 0d 00 00 |xpressio|n>......|
|00001710| 00 01 01 2a 24 54 68 65 | 20 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 |...*$The| numeric|
|00001720| 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 63 61 6e 20 | express|ion can |
|00001730| 62 65 20 61 6e 79 20 6e | 75 6d 65 72 69 63 20 76 |be any n|umeric v|
|00001740| 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 2c | 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f |ariable,| functio|
|00001750| 6e 2c 20 6f 72 20 63 6f | 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 2e 20 |n, or co|nstant. |
|00001760| 28 4f 66 20 63 6f 75 72 | 73 65 2c 20 69 74 20 77 |(Of cour|se, it w|
|00001770| 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 | 73 69 6c 6c 79 20 74 6f |ould be |silly to|
|00001780| 20 75 73 65 20 61 20 63 | 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 2e | use a c|onstant.|
|00001790| 29 20 54 68 65 20 73 74 | 72 69 6e 67 20 65 78 70 |) The st|ring exp|
|000017a0| 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 61 |ression |can be a|
|000017b0| 6e 79 20 73 74 72 69 6e | 67 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 |ny strin|g variab|
|000017c0| 6c 65 2c 20 73 74 72 69 | 6e 67 20 6c 69 74 65 72 |le, stri|ng liter|
|000017d0| 61 6c 2c 20 6f 72 20 73 | 74 72 69 6e 67 20 65 78 |al, or s|tring ex|
|000017e0| 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 |pression|, with t|
|000017f0| 77 6f 20 65 78 63 65 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 3a 20 49 |wo excep|tions: I|
|00001800| 74 20 6d 61 79 20 6e 6f | 74 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 |t may no|t contai|
|00001810| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 53 54 | 52 24 20 66 75 6e 63 74 |n the ST|R$ funct|
|00001820| 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 69 74 20 6d 61 79 20 |ion, and| it may |
|00001830| 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 61 | 20 6e 75 6c 6c 20 73 74 |not be a| null st|
|00001840| 72 69 6e 67 2e 20 45 73 | 73 65 6e 74 69 61 6c 6c |ring. Es|sentiall|
|00001850| 79 2c 20 50 52 49 4e 54 | 20 4f 4e 20 73 75 70 65 |y, PRINT| ON supe|
|00001860| 72 69 6d 70 6f 73 65 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d |rimposes| the num|
|00001870| 62 65 72 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 74 72 69 6e |ber on t|he strin|
|00001880| 67 2e 20 49 74 20 77 69 | 6c 6c 20 6e 6f 74 20 67 |g. It wi|ll not g|
|00001890| 65 6e 65 72 61 74 65 20 | 69 74 73 20 6f 77 6e 20 |enerate |its own |
|000018a0| 63 61 72 72 69 61 67 65 | 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 2e |carriage| return.|
|000018b0| 20 59 6f 75 72 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 6d 75 | Your pr|ogram mu|
|000018c0| 73 74 20 64 6f 20 74 68 | 61 74 2c 20 69 66 20 79 |st do th|at, if y|
|000018d0| 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 | 6f 6e 65 2e 0d 0d 0d 0d |ou want |one.....|
|000018e0| 0d 0d 0d 0d 00 00 00 05 | 02 33 01 24 05 00 34 01 |........|.3.$..4.|
|000018f0| 24 01 01 2a 24 03 48 6f | 77 20 41 62 6f 75 74 20 |$..*$.Ho|w About |
|00001900| 53 6f 6d 65 20 45 78 61 | 6d 70 6c 65 73 3f 0d 06 |Some Exa|mples?..|
|00001910| 0d 4e 6f 74 65 3a 20 5f | 62 22 20 69 73 20 75 73 |.Note: _|b" is us|
|00001920| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 68 | 6f 77 20 62 6c 61 6e 6b |ed to sh|ow blank|
|00001930| 20 73 70 61 63 65 73 2e | 0d 0d 45 58 41 4d 50 4c | spaces.|..EXAMPL|
|00001940| 45 3a 0d 0d 43 41 4c 4c | 20 4d 4c 2c 20 50 52 49 |E:..CALL| ML, PRI|
|00001950| 4e 54 20 44 20 4f 4e 20 | 5f 24 62 62 62 2e 30 30 |NT D ON |_$bbb.00|
|00001960| 22 0d 0d 41 73 73 75 6d | 65 20 44 20 3d 20 31 39 |"..Assum|e D = 19|
|00001970| 30 2e 30 31 30 32 31 2e | 20 54 68 69 73 20 73 74 |0.01021.| This st|
|00001980| 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 74 72 75 |atement |will tru|
|00001990| 6e 63 61 74 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 74 |ncate th|e last t|
|000019a0| 68 72 65 65 20 64 65 63 | 69 6d 61 6c 20 70 6c 61 |hree dec|imal pla|
|000019b0| 63 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6c 69 6e 65 20 74 68 65 |ces and |line the|
|000019c0| 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | 75 70 20 77 69 74 68 20 | number |up with |
|000019d0| 74 68 65 20 64 65 63 69 | 6d 61 6c 20 70 6f 69 6e |the deci|mal poin|
|000019e0| 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 |t in the| string |
|000019f0| 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 70 72 69 6e |expressi|on, prin|
|00001a00| 74 69 6e 67 20 5f 24 31 | 39 30 2e 30 31 22 2e 0d |ting _$1|90.01"..|
|00001a10| 00 00 00 05 02 33 01 24 | 05 00 34 01 24 01 01 2a |.....3.$|..4.$..*|
|00001a20| 24 45 58 41 4d 50 4c 45 | 3a 0d 0d 43 41 4c 4c 20 |$EXAMPLE|:..CALL |
|00001a30| 4d 4c 2c 20 50 52 49 4e | 54 20 46 20 4f 4e 20 5f |ML, PRIN|T F ON _|
|00001a40| 62 62 62 62 2e 30 30 30 | 22 0d 0d 41 73 73 75 6d |bbbb.000|"..Assum|
|00001a50| 65 20 46 20 3d 20 34 30 | 30 30 2e 20 54 68 69 73 |e F = 40|00. This|
|00001a60| 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | stateme|nt will |
|00001a70| 61 64 64 20 74 68 72 65 | 65 20 64 65 63 69 6d 61 |add thre|e decima|
|00001a80| 6c 20 70 6c 61 63 65 73 | 20 74 6f 20 5f 34 30 30 |l places| to _400|
|00001a90| 30 22 20 61 6e 64 20 70 | 6c 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 |0" and p|lace the|
|00001aa0| 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 69 | 6e 67 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 | resulti|ng numbe|
|00001ab0| 72 20 6f 76 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 74 72 69 6e |r over t|he strin|
|00001ac0| 67 20 69 6d 61 67 65 2c | 20 70 72 69 6e 74 69 6e |g image,| printin|
|00001ad0| 67 20 5f 34 30 30 30 2e | 30 30 30 22 2e 0d 00 00 |g _4000.|000"....|
|00001ae0| 00 05 02 33 01 24 05 00 | 34 01 24 01 01 2a 24 45 |...3.$..|4.$..*$E|
|00001af0| 58 41 4d 50 4c 45 3a 0d | 0d 43 41 4c 4c 20 4d 4c |XAMPLE:.|.CALL ML|
|00001b00| 2c 20 50 52 49 4e 54 20 | 4d 20 4f 4e 20 58 24 0d |, PRINT |M ON X$.|
|00001b10| 0d 41 73 73 75 6d 65 20 | 4d 20 3d 20 31 30 30 20 |.Assume |M = 100 |
|00001b20| 61 6e 64 20 58 24 20 3d | 20 66 6f 75 72 20 73 70 |and X$ =| four sp|
|00001b30| 61 63 65 73 2e 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 73 74 61 74 65 |aces. Th|is state|
|00001b40| 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 70 6c 61 63 65 20 |ment wil|l place |
|00001b50| 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 31 30 30 20 61 |the numb|er 100 a|
|00001b60| 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 | 72 20 72 69 67 68 74 20 |t the fa|r right |
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|00001b90| 00 00 00 05 02 33 01 24 | 05 00 34 01 24 01 01 2a |.....3.$|..4.$..*|
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|00001bb0| 4d 4c 2c 20 50 52 49 4e | 54 20 56 20 4f 4e 20 5f |ML, PRIN|T V ON _|
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|00001c70| 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 65 78 63 65 65 |the numb|er excee|
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|00001cd0| 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 | 74 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 |the firs|t charac|
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|00001d50| 52 49 4e 54 20 58 20 4f | 4e 20 5f 62 62 2e 30 30 |RINT X O|N _bb.00|
|00001d60| 22 0d 0d 41 73 73 75 6d | 65 20 58 20 3d 20 33 30 |"..Assum|e X = 30|
|00001d70| 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 | 30 30 30 2c 20 4f 52 20 |00000000|000, OR |
|00001d80| 33 45 31 32 2e 20 50 52 | 49 4e 54 20 4f 4e 20 67 |3E12. PR|INT ON g|
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|00001da0| 73 74 6f 6d 61 63 68 20 | 77 68 65 6e 20 69 74 20 |stomach |when it |
|00001db0| 73 65 65 73 20 61 20 6e | 75 6d 62 65 72 20 74 68 |sees a n|umber th|
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|00001e60| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 | 72 65 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c |s that a|re small|
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|00001e80| 65 78 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 | 69 61 6c 20 6e 6f 74 61 |exponent|ial nota|
|00001e90| 74 69 6f 6e 20 28 61 6e | 79 74 68 69 6e 67 20 6c |tion (an|ything l|
|00001ea0| 65 73 73 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 2e 30 31 29 2e 0d 00 |ess than| .01)...|
|00001eb0| 00 00 05 02 33 01 24 05 | 00 34 01 24 01 01 2a 24 |....3.$.|.4.$..*$|
|00001ec0| 45 58 41 4d 50 4c 45 3a | 0d 0d 43 41 4c 4c 20 4d |EXAMPLE:|..CALL M|
|00001ed0| 4c 2c 20 50 52 49 4e 54 | 20 58 20 4f 4e 20 5f 62 |L, PRINT| X ON _b|
|00001ee0| 62 62 2e 30 30 22 0d 0d | 41 73 73 75 6d 65 20 58 |bb.00"..|Assume X|
|00001ef0| 20 3d 20 2d 31 35 2e 20 | 50 52 49 4e 54 20 4f 4e | = -15. |PRINT ON|
|00001f00| 20 77 6f 6e 27 74 20 6d | 65 73 73 20 77 69 74 68 | won't m|ess with|
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|00001f30| 2c 20 69 74 20 77 6f 75 | 6c 64 20 70 72 69 6e 74 |, it wou|ld print|
|00001f40| 20 5f 2d 31 35 2e 30 30 | 22 2e 20 49 66 20 58 20 | _-15.00|". If X |
|00001f50| 3d 20 2d 31 35 30 2c 20 | 79 6f 75 20 67 65 74 20 |= -150, |you get |
|00001f60| 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 | 20 74 79 70 65 20 6f 66 |the same| type of|
|00001f70| 20 6f 76 65 72 66 6c 6f | 77 20 79 6f 75 20 73 61 | overflo|w you sa|
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|00001f90| 6c 65 73 20 61 67 6f 3a | 20 5f 2a 35 30 2e 30 30 |les ago:| _*50.00|
|00001fa0| 22 2e 0d 00 00 00 05 02 | 33 01 24 05 00 34 01 24 |".......|3.$..4.$|
|00001fb0| 01 01 2a 24 45 58 41 4d | 50 4c 45 3a 0d 0d 43 41 |..*$EXAM|PLE:..CA|
|00001fc0| 4c 4c 20 4d 4c 2c 20 50 | 52 49 4e 54 20 4b 20 4f |LL ML, P|RINT K O|
|00001fd0| 4e 20 5f 22 0d 0d 41 73 | 73 75 6d 65 20 4b 20 3d |N _"..As|sume K =|
|00001fe0| 20 61 6e 79 74 68 69 6e | 67 2e 20 50 52 49 4e 54 | anythin|g. PRINT|
|00001ff0| 20 4f 4e 20 77 69 6c 6c | 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 | ON will| return |
|00002000| 61 20 5f 3f 5a 45 52 4f | 20 45 52 52 4f 52 22 20 |a _?ZERO| ERROR" |
|00002010| 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 65 6e 67 |because |the leng|
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|00002050| 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 6f | 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 74 | like to| error t|
|00002060| 72 61 70 20 79 6f 75 72 | 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |rap your| program|
|00002070| 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 4f | 4e 45 52 52 20 73 74 61 |s with O|NERR sta|
|00002080| 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 2c | 20 74 68 61 74 27 73 20 |tements,| that's |
|00002090| 61 6e 20 45 52 52 4f 52 | 20 4e 55 4d 42 45 52 20 |an ERROR| NUMBER |
|000020a0| 31 34 35 2c 20 73 70 65 | 63 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 63 |145, spe|cially c|
|000020b0| 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 66 | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 50 |reated f|or the P|
|000020c0| 52 49 4e 54 20 4f 4e 20 | 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 2e |RINT ON |routine.|
|000020d0| 0d 00 00 00 05 02 33 01 | 24 05 00 34 01 24 01 01 |......3.|$..4.$..|
|000020e0| 2a 24 45 58 41 4d 50 4c | 45 0d 0d 43 41 4c 4c 20 |*$EXAMPL|E..CALL |
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|00002100| 20 5f 62 62 62 2e 30 30 | 22 0d 0d 57 68 69 6c 65 | _bbb.00|"..While|
|00002110| 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 79 | 6e 74 61 78 20 77 6f 72 | this sy|ntax wor|
|00002120| 6b 73 2c 20 69 74 20 69 | 73 20 6f 62 76 69 6f 75 |ks, it i|s obviou|
|00002130| 73 6c 79 20 73 75 70 65 | 72 66 6c 75 6f 75 73 2e |sly supe|rfluous.|
|00002140| 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 27 | 72 65 20 75 73 69 6e 67 | If you'|re using|
|00002150| 20 61 20 6e 75 6d 65 72 | 69 63 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 | a numer|ic const|
|00002160| 61 6e 74 20 5f 31 39 35 | 22 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 69 |ant _195|" you mi|
|00002170| 67 68 74 20 61 73 20 77 | 65 6c 6c 20 75 73 65 20 |ght as w|ell use |
|00002180| 74 68 65 20 73 74 72 69 | 6e 67 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 |the stri|ng const|
|00002190| 61 6e 74 20 5f 31 39 35 | 2e 30 30 22 2e 0d 00 00 |ant _195|.00"....|
|000021a0| 00 05 02 33 01 24 05 00 | 34 01 24 01 01 2a 24 03 |...3.$..|4.$..*$.|
|000021b0| 4c 65 74 27 73 20 51 75 | 69 63 6b 6c 79 20 53 75 |Let's Qu|ickly Su|
|000021c0| 6d 6d 61 72 69 7a 65 0d | 00 04 50 05 1b 78 01 06 |mmarize.|..P..x..|
|000021d0| 53 19 4e 6f 77 2c 20 6c | 65 74 27 73 20 71 75 69 |S.Now, l|et's qui|
|000021e0| 63 6b 6c 79 20 73 75 6d | 6d 61 72 69 7a 65 20 65 |ckly sum|marize e|
|000021f0| 76 65 72 79 74 68 69 6e | 67 20 77 65 27 76 65 20 |verythin|g we've |
|00002200| 6c 65 61 72 6e 65 64 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 49 4e |learned |about IN|
|00002210| 53 54 52 49 4e 47 20 61 | 6e 64 20 50 52 49 4e 54 |STRING a|nd PRINT|
|00002220| 20 4f 4e 2e 0d 00 00 00 | 05 02 33 01 24 05 00 34 | ON.....|..3.$..4|
|00002230| 01 24 01 01 60 24 03 54 | 6f 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6c |.$..`$.T|o instal|
|00002240| 6c 20 74 68 65 6d 3a 20 | 42 4c 4f 41 44 20 61 74 |l them: |BLOAD at|
|00002250| 20 61 6e 79 20 61 64 64 | 72 65 73 73 2e 0d 00 00 | any add|ress....|
|00002260| 00 05 02 33 01 24 05 00 | 34 01 24 01 01 2a 24 0d |...3.$..|4.$..*$.|
|00002270| 0d 54 6f 20 75 73 65 20 | 5f 49 4e 53 54 52 49 4e |.To use |_INSTRIN|
|00002280| 47 22 3a 20 43 41 4c 4c | 20 4d 4c 2c 20 47 45 54 |G": CALL| ML, GET|
|00002290| 20 41 24 20 4f 4e 20 42 | 24 20 41 54 20 43 2c 20 | A$ ON B|$ AT C, |
|000022a0| 44 0d 0d 4e 65 69 74 68 | 65 72 20 73 74 72 69 6e |D..Neith|er strin|
|000022b0| 67 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 | 20 61 6e 20 65 6d 70 74 |g may be| an empt|
|000022c0| 79 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 | 2e 20 43 20 6d 61 79 20 |y string|. C may |
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|000022e0| 6d 20 30 20 74 6f 20 32 | 35 35 2e 20 44 20 6d 75 |m 0 to 2|55. D mu|
|000022f0| 73 74 20 62 65 20 61 20 | 72 65 61 6c 20 76 61 72 |st be a |real var|
|00002300| 69 61 62 6c 65 2e 20 49 | 66 20 41 24 20 69 73 20 |iable. I|f A$ is |
|00002310| 6e 6f 74 20 66 6f 75 6e | 64 20 69 6e 73 69 64 65 |not foun|d inside|
|00002320| 20 42 24 2c 20 44 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 73 | B$, D w|ill be s|
|00002330| 65 74 20 74 6f 20 7a 65 | 72 6f 2e 20 49 66 20 69 |et to ze|ro. If i|
|00002340| 74 20 69 73 20 66 6f 75 | 6e 64 2c 20 44 20 69 73 |t is fou|nd, D is|
|00002350| 20 73 65 74 20 74 6f 20 | 69 74 73 20 70 6f 73 69 | set to |its posi|
|00002360| 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0d 00 00 | 00 05 02 33 01 24 05 00 |tion....|...3.$..|
|00002370| 34 01 24 01 01 2a 24 0d | 0d 54 6f 20 75 73 65 20 |4.$..*$.|.To use |
|00002380| 50 52 49 4e 54 20 4f 4e | 3a 20 43 41 4c 4c 20 4d |PRINT ON|: CALL M|
|00002390| 4c 2c 20 50 52 49 4e 54 | 20 46 20 4f 4e 20 47 24 |L, PRINT| F ON G$|
|000023a0| 0d 0d 46 20 63 61 6e 20 | 62 65 20 61 6e 79 20 6e |..F can |be any n|
|000023b0| 75 6d 65 72 69 63 20 65 | 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f |umeric e|xpressio|
|000023c0| 6e 2e 20 47 24 20 6d 75 | 73 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 |n. G$ mu|st not b|
|000023d0| 65 20 61 6e 20 65 6d 70 | 74 79 20 73 74 72 69 6e |e an emp|ty strin|
|000023e0| 67 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 75 | 73 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 63 |g and mu|st not c|
|000023f0| 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 53 54 52 24 20 |ontain t|he STR$ |
|00002400| 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e | 2e 20 49 66 20 46 20 69 |function|. If F i|
|00002410| 73 20 73 6f 20 6c 61 72 | 67 65 20 6f 72 20 73 6d |s so lar|ge or sm|
|00002420| 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 69 74 20 6d 75 73 74 |all that| it must|
|00002430| 20 62 65 20 65 78 70 72 | 65 73 73 65 64 20 69 6e | be expr|essed in|
|00002440| 20 73 63 69 65 6e 74 69 | 66 69 63 20 6e 6f 74 61 | scienti|fic nota|
|00002450| 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 20 | 6c 69 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 |tion, a |line of |
|00002460| 73 74 61 72 73 20 28 2a | 29 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 |stars (*|) will b|
|00002470| 65 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 | 64 2e 20 49 66 20 46 20 |e printe|d. If F |
|00002480| 69 73 20 74 6f 6f 20 6c | 6f 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 66 |is too l|ong to f|
|00002490| 69 74 20 69 6e 20 47 24 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 |it in G$|, the le|
|000024a0| 66 74 6d 6f 73 74 20 63 | 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 |ftmost c|haracter|
|000024b0| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 | 20 61 20 73 74 61 72 2e | will be| a star.|
|000024c0| 0d 00 00 00 05 02 33 01 | 24 05 00 34 01 24 01 01 |......3.|$..4.$..|
|000024d0| 2a 24 03 48 6f 77 20 41 | 62 6f 75 74 20 61 20 44 |*$.How A|bout a D|
|000024e0| 65 6d 6f 20 50 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 3f 0d 06 0d 49 |emo Prog|ram?...I|
|000024f0| 6e 20 6f 72 64 65 72 20 | 74 6f 20 61 70 70 72 65 |n order |to appre|
|00002500| 63 69 61 74 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 |ciate th|e value |
|00002510| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 | 20 4d 4c 20 72 6f 75 74 |of these| ML rout|
|00002520| 69 6e 65 73 2c 20 79 6f | 75 20 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 |ines, yo|u really|
|00002530| 20 6f 75 67 68 74 20 74 | 6f 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 | ought t|o see th|
|00002540| 65 6d 20 69 6e 20 61 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 54 6f |em in ac|tion. To|
|00002550| 20 74 68 61 74 20 65 6e | 64 2c 20 77 65 20 68 61 | that en|d, we ha|
|00002560| 76 65 20 73 75 70 70 6c | 69 65 64 20 61 20 64 65 |ve suppl|ied a de|
|00002570| 6d 6f 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 2e 20 49 74 20 64 |mo progr|am. It d|
|00002580| 6f 65 73 6e 27 74 20 72 | 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 6f |oesn't r|eally do|
|00002590| 20 61 20 6c 6f 74 2c 20 | 62 75 74 20 69 74 20 73 | a lot, |but it s|
|000025a0| 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 67 69 | 76 65 20 79 6f 75 20 73 |hould gi|ve you s|
|000025b0| 6f 6d 65 20 69 64 65 61 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |ome idea| of the |
|000025c0| 70 6f 77 65 72 20 74 68 | 65 73 65 20 74 77 6f 20 |power th|ese two |
|000025d0| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 20 61 64 64 20 74 6f 20 |commands| add to |
|000025e0| 42 41 53 49 43 2e 0d 00 | 00 00 05 02 33 01 24 05 |BASIC...|....3.$.|
|000025f0| 00 34 01 24 01 01 2a 24 | 03 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 |.4.$..*$|.AT THE |
|00002600| 45 4e 44 20 4f 46 20 59 | 4f 55 52 20 53 54 52 49 |END OF Y|OUR STRI|
|00002610| 4e 47 0d 06 0d 49 66 20 | 79 6f 75 20 6c 69 6b 65 |NG...If |you like|
|00002620| 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 73 | 74 72 75 6e 67 20 61 6c | being s|trung al|
|00002630| 6f 6e 67 2c 20 49 27 76 | 65 20 67 6f 74 20 73 6f |ong, I'v|e got so|
|00002640| 6d 65 20 73 77 61 6d 70 | 6c 61 6e 64 20 6f 6e 20 |me swamp|land on |
|00002650| 42 61 79 6f 75 20 50 69 | 65 72 72 65 20 79 6f 75 |Bayou Pi|erre you|
|00002660| 20 6d 69 67 68 74 20 77 | 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 62 | might w|ant to b|
|00002670| 75 79 2e 2e 2e 0d 00 05 | 02 33 01 24 05 00 34 01 |uy......|.3.$..4.|
|00002680| 24 01 01 2a 24 05 0d 00 | 04 85 04 1e a8 01 01 8b |$..*$...|........|
|00002690| 24 03 45 6e 64 20 6f 66 | 20 53 74 72 69 6e 67 69 |$.End of| Stringi|
|000026a0| 6e 67 20 41 6c 6f 6e 67 | 20 74 65 78 74 0d 50 75 |ng Along| text.Pu|
|000026b0| 6c 6c 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 7f 20 6d 65 |ll down |the . me|
|000026c0| 6e 75 0d 6f 72 20 70 72 | 65 73 73 20 5f 52 22 20 |nu.or pr|ess _R" |
|000026d0| 74 6f 20 72 75 6e 20 6f | 75 72 20 64 65 6d 6f 2e |to run o|ur demo.|
|000026e0| 0d 00 00 | |... | |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+